


          Ex Quick Reference    


          Entering/leaving ex

           % ex name         edit name, start at end
           % ex +n name      ... at line n
           % ex -t tag       start at tag
           % ex -r           list saved files
           % ex -r name      recover file name
           % ex name ...     edit first; rest via :n
           % ex -R name      read only mode
           : x               exit, saving changes
           : q!              exit, discarding changes

          Ex states

          Command       Normal  and  initial
                        state.         Input
                        prompted  for  by :.
                        Your kill  character
                        cancels partial com-
                        mand.
          Insert        Entered by a  i  and
                        c.   Arbitrary  text
                        then terminates with
                        line  having  only .
                        character on  it  or
                        abnormally      with
                        interrupt.
          Open/visual   Entered by  open  or
                        vi,  terminates with
                        Q or ^\.

          Ex commands

          abbrev   ab   next         n     unabbrev     una
          append   a    number       nu    undo         u
          args     ar   open         o     unmap        unm
          change   c    preserve     pre   version      ve
          copy     co   print        p     visual       vi
          delete   d    put          pu    write        w
          edit     e    quit         q     xit          x
          file     f    read         re    yank         ya
          global   g    recover      rec   window       z
          insert   i    rewind       rew   escape       !
          join     j    set          se    lshift       <
          list     l    shell        sh    print next   CR
          map           source       so    resubst      &
          mark     ma   stop         st    rshift       >
          move     m    substitute   s     scroll       ^D

          Ex command addresses

          n     line n      /pat   next with pat
          .     current     ?pat   previous with pat
          $     last        x-n    n before x
          +     next        x,y    x through y
          -     previous    'x     marked with x
          +n    n forward   ''     previous context
          %     1,$





          Specifying terminal type

           % setenv TERM type           csh and all version 6
           $ TERM=type; export TERM     sh in Version 7
           See also tset(1)

          Some terminal types

          2621   43     adm31    dw1     h19
          2645   733    adm3a    dw2     i100
          300s   745    c100     gt40    mime
          33     act4   dm1520   gt42    owl
          37     act5   dm2500   h1500   t1061
          4014   adm3   dm3025   h1510   vt52

          Initializing options

          EXINIT       place set's here in environment var.
          set x        enable option
          set nox      disable option
          set x=val    give value val
          set          show changed options
          set all      show all options
          set x?       show value of option x

          Useful options

          autoindent   ai     supply indent
          autowrite    aw     write before changing files
          ignorecase   ic     in scanning
          lisp                ( ) { } are s-exp's
          list                print ^I for tab, $ at end
          magic               . [ * special in patterns
          number       nu     number lines
          paragraphs   para   macro names which start ...
          redraw              simulate smart terminal
          scroll              command mode lines
          sections     sect   macro names ...
          shiftwidth   sw     for < >, and input ^D
          showmatch    sm     to ) and } as typed
          slowopen     slow   choke updates during insert
          window              visual mode lines
          wrapscan     ws     around end of buffer?
          wrapmargin   wm     automatic line splitting


          Scanning pattern formation

           ^           beginning of line
           $           end of line
           .           any character
           \<          beginning of word
           \>          end of word
           [str]       any char in str
           [^str]      ... not in str
           [x-y]       ... between x and y
           *           any number of preceding









                       Vi Quick Reference


          Entering/leaving vi

           % vi name           edit name at top
           % vi +n name        ... at line n
           % vi + name         ... at end
           % vi -r             list saved files
           % vi -r name        recover file name
           % vi name ...       edit first; rest via :n
           % vi -t tag         start at tag
           % vi +/pat name     search for pat
           % view name         read only mode
           ZZ                  exit from vi, saving changes
           ^Z                  stop vi for later resumption

          The display

          Last line   Error messages, echoing input  to
                      :  /  ? and !, feedback about i/o
                      and large changes.
          @ lines     On screen only, not in file.
          ~ lines     Lines past end of file.
          ^x          Control characters, ^? is delete.
          tabs        Expand to spaces, cursor at last.


          Vi states

          Command     Normal   and   initial
                      state.   Others return
                      here.   ESC   (escape)
                      cancels  partial  com-
                      mand.
          Insert      Entered by a i A I o O
                      c  C s S R.  Arbitrary
                      text  then  terminates
                      with ESC character, or
                      abnormally with inter-
                      rupt.
          Last line   Reading  input for : /
                      ? or !; terminate with
                      ESC  or CR to execute,
                      interrupt to cancel.

          Counts before vi commands

          line/column number   z  G  |
          scroll amount        ^D  ^U
          replicate insert     a  i  A  I
          repeat effect        most rest

          Simple commands

          dw                delete a word
          de                ... leaving punctuation
          dd                delete a line
          3dd               ... 3 lines
          itextESC          insert text abc
          cwnewESC          change word to new





          easESC            pluralize word
          xp                transpose characters
































































          Interrupting, cancelling

            ESC      end insert or incomplete cmd
            ^?       (delete or rubout) interrupts
            ^L       reprint screen if ^? scrambles it

          File manipulation

           :w            write back changes
           :wq           write and quit
           :q            quit
           :q!           quit, discard changes
           :e name       edit file name
           :e!           reedit, discard changes
           :e + name     edit, starting at end
           :e +n         edit starting at line n
           :e #          edit alternate file
           ^^            synonym for :e #
           :w name       write file name
           :w! name      overwrite file name
           :sh           run shell, then return
           :!cmd         run cmd, then return
           :n            edit next file in arglist
           :n args       specify new arglist
           :f            show current file and line
           ^G            synonym for :f
           :ta tag       to tag file entry tag
           ^]            :ta, following word is tag

          Positioning within file

           ^F          forward screenfull
           ^B          backward screenfull
           ^D          scroll down half screen
           ^U          scroll up half screen
           G           goto line (end default)
           /pat        next line matching pat
           ?pat        prev line matching pat
           n           repeat last / or ?
           N           reverse last / or ?
           /pat/+n     n'th line after pat
           ?pat?-n     n'th line before pat
           ]]          next section/function
           [[          previous section/function
           %           find matching ( ) { or }

          Adjusting the screen

           ^L          clear and redraw
           ^R          retype, eliminate @ lines
           zCR         redraw, current at window top
           z-          ... at bottom
           z.          ... at center
           /pat/z-     pat line at bottom
           zn.         use n line window
           ^E          scroll window down 1 line
           ^Y          scroll window up 1 line









          Marking and returning

           ``      previous context
           ''      ... at first non-white in line
           mx      mark position with letter x
           `x      to mark x
           'x      ... at first non-white in line

          Line positioning

           H          home window line
           L          last window line
           M          middle window line
           +          next line, at first non-white
           -          previous line, at first non-white
           CR         return, same as +
            or j      next line, same column
           ^ or k     previous line, same column

          Character positioning

           ^           first non white
           0           beginning of line
           $           end of line
           h or ->     forward
           l or <-     backwards
           ^H          same as <-
           space       same as ->
           fx          find x forward
           Fx          f backward
           tx          upto x forward
           Tx          back upto x
           ;           repeat last f F t or T
           ,           inverse of ;
           |           to specified column
           %           find matching ( { ) or }

          Words, sentences, paragraphs

            w      word forward
            b      back word
            e      end of word
            )      to next sentence
            }      to next paragraph
            (      back sentence
            {      back paragraph
            W      blank delimited word
            B      back W
            E      to end of W

          Commands for LISP

            )      Forward s-expression
            }      ... but don't stop at atoms
            (      Back s-expression
            {      ... but don't stop at atoms










          Corrections during insert

           ^H        erase last character
           ^W        erases last word
           erase     your erase, same as ^H
           kill      your kill, erase input this line
           \         escapes ^H, your erase and kill
           ESC       ends insertion, back to command
           ^?        interrupt, terminates insert
           ^D        backtab over autoindent
           ^^D       kill autoindent, save for next
           0^D       ... but at margin next also
           ^V        quote non-printing character

          Insert and replace

           a       append after cursor
           i       insert before
           A       append at end of line
           I       insert before first non-blank
           o       open line below
           O       open above
           rx      replace single char with x
           R       replace characters

          Operators (double to affect lines)

            d      delete
            c      change
            <      left shift
            >      right shift
            !      filter through command
            =      indent for LISP
            y      yank lines to buffer

          Miscellaneous operations

            C      change rest of line
            D      delete rest of line
            s      substitute chars
            S      substitute lines
            J      join lines
            x      delete characters
            X      ... before cursor
            Y      yank lines

          Yank and put

           p       put back lines
           P       put before
           "xp     put from buffer x
           "xy     yank to buffer x
           "xd     delete into buffer x

          Undo, redo, retrieve

           u       undo last change
           U       restore current line
           .       repeat last change
           "dp     retrieve d'th last delete



