STRTOU(3)

STRTOU(3) | Library Functions Manual | STRTOU(3)

# NAME

`strtou` —
convert a string to an uintmax_t integer

# LIBRARY

Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

# SYNOPSIS

`#include <inttypes.h>`

uintmax_t
`strtou`(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base, uintmax_t lo, uintmax_t hi, int *rstatus);

# DESCRIPTION

The `strtou`() function converts the string in nptr to an uintmax_t value. The `strtou`() function uses internally strtoumax(3) and ensures that the result is always in the range [ lo .. hi ]. In adddition it always places `0` on success or a conversion status in the rstatus argument, avoiding the `errno` gymnastics the other functions require. The rstatus argument can be `NULL` if conversion status is to be ignored.

The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional ‘`+`’ or ‘`-`’ sign. If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ‘`0x`’ or ‘`0X`’ prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is ‘`0`’, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).

The remainder of the string is converted to an uintmax_t value in the obvious manner, stopping at the end of the string or at the first character that does not produce a valid digit in the given base. (In bases above 10, the letter ‘`A`’ in either upper or lower case represents 10, ‘`B`’ represents 11, and so forth, with ‘`Z`’ representing 35.)

If endptr is non-nil, `strtou`() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr. If there were no digits at all, however, `strtou`() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr. (Thus, if *nptr is not ‘`\0`’ but **endptr is ‘`\0`’ on return, the entire string was valid.)

# RETURN VALUES

The `strtou`() function always returns the closest value in the range specified by the lo and hi arguments.

The errno value is guaranteed to be left unchanged.

Errors are stored as the conversion status in the rstatus argument.

# EXAMPLES

The following example will always return a number in `[1..99]` range no matter what the input is, and warn if the conversion failed.

    int e;
    uintmax_t lval = strtou(buf, NULL, 0, 1, 99, &e);
    if (e)
    	warnc(e, "conversion of `%s' to a number failed, using %ju",
    	    buf, lval);

# ERRORS

[`ECANCELED`]
  The string did not contain any characters that were converted.
[`EINVAL`]
  The base is not between 2 and 36 and does not contain the special value 0.
[`ENOTSUP`]
  The string contained non-numeric characters that did not get converted. In this case, endptr points to the first unconverted character.
[`ERANGE`]
  The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped; or the range given was invalid, i.e. lo > hi.

# SEE ALSO

atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), atoll(3), strtod(3), strtoi(3), strtoimax(3), strtol(3), strtoll(3), strtoul(3), strtoull(3), strtoumax(3)

# STANDARDS

The `strtou`() function is a NetBSD extension.

# HISTORY

The `strtou`() function first appeared in NetBSD 7. OpenBSD introduced the `strtonum`(3) function for the same purpose, but the interface makes it impossible to properly differentiate illegal returns.

# BUGS

Ignores the current locale.

November 13, 2015 | NetBSD 10.0