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Oenothera L.
Helokit Evening Primrose
Oenothera, Biota of North America Program (query database) [BONAP]
Oenothera, Den Virtuella Floran [DVF]
 Onothera ; [SK, 415]

Foodplants for Arctonotus lucidus, Euproserpinus phaeton, Proserpinus gaurae, P. juanita


[sp-1.jpg] 600x883 (~102Kb) USA: Wallingford, Seattle, King Co., WA, 24.6.2000 (cultiv?), Photo © Markku Savela [sp-2.jpg] 500x782 (~68Kb) USA: Beach on 101, False Clamath Cove (41°36'09N 124°06'01W ±0.5km), Del Norte Co. CA, 3.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela [sp-2x.jpg] 700x948 (~85Kb) USA: Beach on 101, False Clamath Cove (41°36'09N 124°06'01W ±0.5km), Del Norte Co. CA, 3.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela
[sp-3.jpg] 1000x1361 (~171Kb) USA: Slide Rock State Park (north of Sedona), Coconico Co, Arizona, 11.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela [sp-4.jpg] 900x1276 (~163Kb) USA: Homolowi Ruins State Park, near Winslow, Navajo Co., Arizona, 12.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.


fiOenothera depressa Greene
Karheahelokki Strävt nattljus
Oenothera strigosa depressa (Grene); Munz.
Oenothera salicifolia Desf. ex G. Don
Oenothera depressa ; [RK, 294]
fiOenothera biennis L.
Iltahelokki Helokki Kaksivuotinen helokki Common Evening Primrose Nattljus
Onagra biennis (L.); Scop.
Oenothera biennis ; [RK, 294]
Onothera biennis ; [SK, 415]; [GMBOT, 598]
[biennis-1.jpg] 783x1044 (~272Kb) Lithuania: Vilna, Jeruzale, 11.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio [biennis-1a.jpg] 783x1044 (~103Kb) Lithuania: Vilna, Jeruzale, 11.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio [biennis-1b.jpg] 783x1044 (~132Kb) Lithuania: Vilna, Jeruzale, 11.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Proserpinus proserpina


fiOenothera rubricaulis Klebahn
Täplähelokki Pricknattljus
Oenothera rubricaulis ; [RK, 295]
[rubricaulis-1.jpg] 734x979 (~179Kb) Finland, Vantaa, Martinlaakso, 7.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
Oenothera rubricaulis det. Vesa Järvinen 		[rubricaulis-1a.jpg] 930x1240 (~166Kb) Finland, Vantaa, Martinlaakso, 7.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
Oenothera rubricaulis det. Vesa Järvinen 		[rubricaulis-1b.jpg] 1524x1154 (~173Kb) Finland, Vantaa, Martinlaakso, 7.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
Oenothera rubricaulis det. Vesa Järvinen

Oenothera strigosa (Rydb.) Mackenzie & Bush
Karheahelokki?
Oenothera renneri H. Scholz
Rennerinhelokki
Oenothera coronifera Renner
'Hohtohelokki'
Oenothera fennoscandica Rostánski
'Pohjanhelokki'
Oenothera insignis Bartl.
'Outohelokki'
Oenothera wratislawiensis Rostánski
'Puolanhelokki'
 
Oenothera cruciata Nutt.
Oenothera biennis var. cruciata (Nutt.); T. & G.
Onagra cruciata (Nutt.); Small.
Oenothera cruciata ; [GMBOT, 598]
Oenothera argillicola Mackenzie
Onagra argillicola (Mackenzie); Mackenzie
Oenothera argillicola ; [GMBOT, 598]
Oenothera oakesiana Robbins
Onagra biennis var. oakesiana (Robbins); Gray
Oenothera Oakesiana ; [GMBOT, 598]
Oenothera muricata L.
Oenothera muricata ; [GMBOT,598]
O. m. var. canescens (T. & G.) Robinson
Oenothera biennis var. canescens T. & G.
?Onagra strigosa Rydb.
Oenothera muricata var. canescens ; [GMBOT, 598]
Oenothera grandiflora Ait.
Oenothera biennis var. grandiflora (Ait.); Lindl.
Onagra grandiflora (Ait.); Cockerel
Oenothera grandiflora ; [GMBOT, 599]
Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt.
Oenothera rhombipetala ; [GMBOT, 599]
Oenothera humifusa Nutt.
Oenothera humifusa ; [GMBOT, 599]
Oenothera laciniata Hill.
'Liuskahelokki' Cutleaf Evening Primrose
Oenothera sinuata L.
Oenothera laciniata ; [GMBOT, 599]
O. l. var. grandiflora (Wats.) Robinson
Oenothera sinuata var. grandiflora Wats.
Oenothera laciniata var. grandis Britton
Oenothera laciniata var. grandiflora ; [GMBOT, 599]
Oenothera pallida Lindl.
Pale Evening-primrose
Anogra pallida (Lindl.); Britton
Oenothera pallida ; [FPN, 310]; [GMBOT, 599]
O. p. var. pallida
Oenothera pallida var. pallida ; [FPN, 310]
O. p. var. idahoensis Munz
Oenothera pallida var. idahoensis ; [FPN, 310]
Oenothera linifolia Nutt.
'Pellavahelokki'
Kneiffia linifolia (Nutt.); Spach.
Oenothera linifolia ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera pumila L.
Kneiffia pumila (L.); Spach.
Oenothera pumila ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera glauca Michx.
Kneiffia glauca (Michx.); Spach.
Oenothera glauca ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera fruticosa L.
Sundrops
Kneiffia fruticosa (L.); Raimann
Oenothera fruticosa ; [GMBOT, 600]
O. f. var. hirsuta Nutt.
Kneiffia fruticosa var. pilosella Britton
Oenothera fruticosa var. hirsuta ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera linearis Michx.

Kneiffia linearis (Michx.); Spach.
Oenothera fruticosa var. linearis (Michx.); Wats.
 ?Oenothera fruticosa var. humifusa Allen
?Kneiffia alleni Small.
Kneiffia alleni Small.; [GMBOT, 600 (syn. for Oenothera fruticosa var. humifusa)]
Oenothera linearis ; [GMBOT, 600]
O. l. var. eamesii Robinson
Oenothera linearis var. eamesii ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera longipedicellata (Small) Robinson
Kneiffia longipedicellata Small
Oenothera longipedicellata ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera pratensis (Small) Robison
Kneiffia pratensis Small
Oenothera pratensis ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera speciosa Nutt.
'Komeahelokki' Showy Evening Primrose White Evening Primrose
Hartmannia speciosa (Nutt.); Small
Oenothera speciosa ; [GMBOT, 600]
Oenothera triloba Nutt.
Lavauxia triloba (Nutt.); Spach.
Oenothera triloba ; [GMBOT, 601]
O. t. ?var. parviflora Wats.
Lavauxia triloba var. watsoni Britton
Oenothera triloba ?var. parviflora ; [GMBOT, 601]
Oenothera missouriensis Sims.
Megapterium missouriensis (Sims.); Spach.
Oenothera missouriensis ; [GMBOT, 601]
Oenothera serrulata Nutt.
Shrubby Evening-primrose
Meriolix serrulata (Nutt.); Walp.
?Meriolix intermedia Rydb.
Oenothera serrulata ; [FPN, 311]; [GMBOT, 601]

 
Oenothera nuttallii Sweet
Nuttall's Evening-primrose
Oenothera nuttallii ; [FPN, 310]
Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frem.
Hairy Evening-primrose
Oenothera deltoides ; [FPN, 310]
Oenothera flava (Nels.) Garret
Long-tubed Evening-primrose
Oenothera flava ; [FPN, 310]
Oenothera caespitosa Nutt.
Rock-rose Butte Primrose
Oenothera caespitosa ; [FPN, 310]
O. c. var. caespitosa
Oenothera caespitosa var. caespitosa ; [FPN, 310]
O. c. var. marginata (Nutt.) Munz.
Oenothera caespitosa var. marginata ; [FPN, 310]
O. c. var. psammophila (Nels. & Macbr.) Munz.
Oenothera caespitosa var. psammophila ; [FPN, 310]
O. c. var. purpurea (Wats.) Munz.
Oenothera caespitosa var. purpurea ; [FPN, 310]
Oenothera palmeri Wats
Palmer's Evening-primrose
Oenothera palmeri ; [FPN, 310]
Oenothera subacaulis (Pursh) Garret
Long-leaf Evening-primrose
Oenothera subacaulis ; [FPN, 311]
Oenothera breviflora T. & G.
Short-flowered Evening-primrose
Oenothera breviflora ; [FPN, 311]
Oenothera tanacetifolia T. & G.
Tansy-leaf Evening-primrose
Oenothera tanacetifolia ; [FPN, 311]
Oenothera hookeri T. & G.
Hooker's Evening-primrose
Oenothera hookeri ; [FPN, 311]
O. h. var. ornata (Nels.) Munz
Oenothera hookeri var. ornata ; [FPN, 311]
O. h. var. angustifolia Gates
Oenothera hookeri var. angustifolia ; [FPN, 311]
Oenothera × erythrosepala Borb.
Red-sepaled Evening-primrose
Oenothera × erythrosepala ; [FPN, 311]
Oenothera scapoidea Nutt.
Oenothera scapoidea ; [FPN, 311]
Oenothera claviformis Torr. & Frem.
Oenothera claviformis ; [FPN, 311]
Oenothera minor (Nels.) Munz
Small-flower Evening-primrose
Oenothera minor ; [FPN, 312]
Oenothera pygmaea Dougl.
Dwarf Evening-primrose
Oenothera pygmaea ; [FPN, 312]
Oenothera boothii Dougl.
Oenothera boothii ; [FPN, 312]
O. b. ssp. boothii
Booth's Evening-primrose
Oenothera boothii ssp. boothii ; [FPN, 312]
O. b. ssp. alyssoides (H. & A.) Munz
Alyssum-like Evening-primrose
Oenothera boothii ssp. alyssoides ; [FPN, 312]
Oenothera andina Nutt.
Obscure Evening-primrose
Oenothera andina ; [FPN, 312]
Oenothera hilgardii Greene
Hilgard's Evening-primrose
Oenothera hilgardii ; [FPN, 312]
Oenothera contorta (Dougl.) Kearney
Contorted-pod Evening-primrose
Oenothera contorta ; [FPN, 312]
Oenothera pubens (Wats.) Munz
Hairy Evening-primrose
Oenothera pubens ; [FPN, 312]

21.9.2000 (47)

References:
[BONAP]
A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; A data base interface; BONAP U.S. Checklist - 1998; Provided by TAMU-BWG; Texas A & M Bioinformatics Working Group; Based on; Biota of North America Program
[DVF]
Den Virtuella floran; http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html; Ett projekt vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden).; Even for non-Swedish speaker, the distribution maps on species are nice (map buttons "Norden" and "Norra halvklotet")
[FPN]
Hitchcock & Cronquist, 1998; Flora of the Pacific Northwest (11th ed.); ISBN 0-295-95273-3
[GMBOT]
Robinson, Benjamin L., Fernald, Merrit Lyndon, 1908; Gray's New Manual of Botany (7th edition); A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada; American Book Company
[Harri Arkkio]
Finland; For the time being these pictures are only for this site. Other usage not allowed.
[RK]
Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. (eds), 1998; Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finland); Ed. 4. 656 pp.; Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum. Helsinki
[SK]
Mela, A. J., Cajander, A. K., 1906; Suomen Kasvio; Viides painos

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.