prev	next	Scientific names	Finnish names	English names
All	Gaura	Clarkia	Epilobium	Horsmat	(epilobium)
	Oenothera	Myriophyllum	Epilobium	Horsmat
Photo	Oenothera	Fuchsia			(epilobium)
Goto:

Epilobium L.

Horsmat Willow-herb Willow-weed
Chamaenerion L.; (incl.)
Epilobium, Biota of North America Program (query database) [BONAP]
Epilobium, Den Virtuella Floran [DVF]
Chamaenerium ; [SK, 416]

Foodplants for Euplagia quadripunctaria, Hippotion celerio, H. osiris, H. scrofa, Hyles lineata, H. livornica, Proserpinus flavofasciata, P. gaurae, P. juanita, Theretra oldenlandiae, Trichordestra tacoma

600x878 (~59Kb) USA: Teanaway, Jungle Creek, (47°20'06N 120°55'21W ±0.5km) Kittitas Co., WA, 21.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x793 (~58Kb) FINLAND: N: Espoo, Tapiola 667:37, 3.9.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	520x765 (~48Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki 671:53, 18.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela
700x1047 (~143Kb) USA: Cape Blanco, (42°49'43N 124°33'45W ±1km), Curry Co. OR, 2.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela	700x1006 (~59Kb) Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	800x1097 (~79Kb) Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
800x1297 (~78Kb) FINLAND, Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 2.7.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	1300x1012 (~121Kb) FINLAND, Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 2.7.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

For now, this is a mess. My main sources ( [FPN] and [RK]) don't agree too well on synonyms. Great difficulty in deciding which one to follow. -- msa

Epilobium angustifolium L.

Maitohorsma Rosebay Willow-herb Fireweed Great Willow-herb Blooming Sally Duntrav Mjölkört

Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.); Scop. Chamaenerium angustifolium;

Chamerion angustifolium (L.); Holub Epilobium spicatum Lam.

Chamænerium angustifolium, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Epilobium angustifolium ; [RK, 296]; [SK, 416]; [GMBOT, 596]; [FPN, 306]; [SPK, 414]

550x824 (~52Kb) FINLAND: Kb: Kiihtelysvaara, 692:68, 11.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela	700x1048 (~104Kb) FINLAND: KiL: Muonio, Kangosjärvi 753:35, 19.7.1997, Photo © Hannele Aulin	1100x740 (~72Kb) FINLAND: KiL: Muonio, Liepimäjärvi 755:36, 2.8.1997 (with beetle Trichius fasciatus), Photo © Hannele Aulin
874x1003 (~113Kb) Finland: Nokia, Penttilä, 16.7.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Hyppa brunneicrista, Proserpinus proserpina, Scythris inspersella, S. noricella

Foodplant as Chamaenerion angustifolium for Acronicta euphorbiae, Actebia praecox, Amphipyra tragopoginis, Cerastis rubricosa, Deilephila elpenor, D. porcellus, Diacrisia sannio, Diaphora mendica, Ecliptopera silaceata, Eupithecia satyrata, Eurois occultus, Gymnoscelis rufifasciata, Hyles gallii, Naenia typica, Orthosia gothica, Phragmatobia (noctua) fuliginosa, Scoliopteryx libatrix, Spargania luctuata, Standfussiana (noctua) lucernea?, Xestia (noctua) c-nigrum, Xylena exsoleta

E. a. f. albiflora Hausskn.

Epilobium angustifolium f. albiflora ; [SK, 416]

979x1305 (~129Kb) Finland, Tampere, Tampella, Aspinniemi, 18.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

1435x945 (~104Kb) Finland, Tampere, Tampella, Aspinniemi, 18.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

E. a. f. rosea Lindb. fil.

Epilobium angustifolium f. rosea ; [SK, 416]

1166x778 (~216Kb) Sweden: Kiruna, Östra Raustasälven, 22.7.2007, Photo © Harri Arkkio

700x1050 (~185Kb) Sweden: Kiruna, Östra Raustasälven, 22.7.2007, Photo © Harri Arkkio

674x1011 (~82Kb) Sweden: Kiruna, Östra Raustasälven, 22.7.2007, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Epilobium latifolium L.

Naalinhorsma Red Willow-herb Broad-leaved Willow-herb River Beauty
Epilobium latifolium ; [FPN, 306]; [SPK, 414]

900x631 (~73Kb) USA: 123 Roadside (river bank), near Mt. Rainier (46°46'46N 121°32'37W), Pierce Co., WA, 13.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

900x674 (~81Kb) USA: 123 Roadside (river bank), near Mt. Rainier (46°46'46N 121°32'37W), Pierce Co., WA, 13.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

Epilobium dodonaei Vill., 1779

Epilobium rosmarinifolium Hänke

878x1029 (~343Kb) France: Revest-les-Roches, Alpes-Maritimes, 840 m, 14-IX-2008, Photo © Gabriel Alziar

958x1072 (~249Kb) France: Revest-les-Roches, Alpes-Maritimes, 840 m, 14-IX-2008, Photo © Gabriel Alziar

Foodplant for Hyles vespertilio

Foodplant as Epilobium rosmarinifolium for Hyles vespertilio, Proserpinus proserpina

Epilobium parviflorum Schreber

Nukkahorsma Pienikukkainen horsma Hoary Willow-herb Small-flowered Hairy Willow-herb Luddunört
Epilobium parviflorum ; [RK, 296]; [SK, 417]; [SPK, 415]

Epilobium hirsutum L.

Karvahorsma Great Willow-herb Hairy Willow-weed Fiddle-grass Rosendunört
Epilobium hirsutum ; [RK, 296]; [SK, 419 (note)]; [GMBOT, 596]; [FPN, 306]; [SPK, 415]

602x799 (~43Kb) Finland, Vantaa, Pakkala, 30.8.2003 © Harri Arkkio	1305x979 (~88Kb) Germany, Rügen Buhrkow 24.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	783x1044 (~229Kb) Lithuania: Trakai, Zverynas, 13.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio
1331x999 (~142Kb) Lithuania: Trakai, Zverynas, 13.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Proserpinus proserpina

Epilobium montanum L.

Lehtohorsma Broad-leaved Willow-herb Bergdunört
Epilobium montanum, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Epilobium montanum ; [RK, 297]; [SK, 417]; [SPK, 415]

701x1000 (~79Kb) Finland: Jämsä, Petäiskulma, 3.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	742x1033 (~113Kb) Finland: Jämsä, Petäiskulma, 3.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1281x1016 (~169Kb) Finland: Jämsä, Petäiskulma, 3.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio
766x1020 (~113Kb) Finland: Jämsä, Petäiskulma, 3.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Deilephila porcellus, Hyles gallii, Proserpinus proserpina

Epilobium collinum C.C. Gmelin

Mäkihorsma Hill Willow-herb Backdunört
Epilobium montanum collinum ; [SK, 417]
Epilobium collinum ; [RK, 297]; [SPK, 415]

Epilobium roseum Schreber

Rusohorsma Ruusuhorsma Pale Willow-herb Grendunört
Epilobium roseum ; [SK, 417]; [RK, 297]; [SPK, 416]

856x1142 (~117Kb) Finland, Helsinki, Suomenlinna, Susisaari, 6.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio Epilobium roseum det. Vesa Järvinen

734x979 (~124Kb) Finland, Helsinki, Suomenlinna, Susisaari, 6.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio Epilobium roseum det. Vesa Järvinen

Epilobium lamyi F. W. Schultz

Harmaahorsma Grådunört
Epilobium tetragonum lamyi (F. W. Schultz); Nyman
Epilobium adnatum lamyi ; [SK, 418]
Epilobium lamyi ; [RK, 297]; [SPK, 416]

Epilobium tetragonum L.

Särmähorsma Nelisärmäinen horsma Square-stemmed Willow-herb Square-stalked Willowherb Kantdunört
Epilobium adnatum Griseb.
Epilobium tetragonum ; [RK, 297]
Epilobium adnatum ; [SK, 417]
Epilobium tetragonum ; [SPK, 416]

Epilobium obscurum Schreber

Tummahorsma Short-fruited Willow-herb Mörk dunört
Epilobium obscurum (Schreber); ?Rchb.
Epilobium obscurum ; [SK, 418]; [RK, 298]; [SPK, 416]

Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn.

Amerikanhorsma American Willow-weed
Epilobium watsonii Barbey
Epilobium adenocaulon ; [GMBOT, 597]; [RK, 298]; [SPK, 419]

734x979 (~56Kb) Finland: Nokia, Penttilä, 16.7.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

734x979 (~95Kb) Finland: Nokia, Penttilä, 16.7.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

E. a. var. perplexans Trel.

Epilobium adenocaulon var. perplexans ; [GMBOT, 597]

Epilobium adenocaulon × ciliatum

Epilobium adenocaulon × ciliatum ; [RK, 298]

Epilobium adenocaulon × glandulosum

Epilobium adenocaulon × glandulosum ; [RK, 298]

Epilobium ciliatum Rafin.

Vaalea-amerikanhorsma American Willow-herb Vit dunört

Epilobium pseudorubescens A. K. Skvortsov Epilobium rubescens Rydb.

Epilobium adenocaulon rubescens (Rydb.); Hiitonen Epilobium saximontanum Hausskn.

Epilobium ciliatum, Aquatic and Wetland Vascular Plants of the Northern Great Plains [USGS]
Epilobium ciliatum ; [RK, 298]; [SPK, 419]

Epilobium glandulosum Lehm.

Lännenhorsma Northern Willow-weed Common Willow-herb Alaskadunört
Epilobium bergianum A. K. Skvortsov
Epilobium glandulosum ; [RK, 298]; [FPN, 307]; [SPK, 419]

E. g. var. glandulosum

Epilobium drummondii Epilobium exaltatum Epilobium ovatifolium Epilobium palmeri

Epilobium rubescens Epilobium sandbergii Epilobium saximontanum Epilobium stramineum

Epilobium glandulosum var. glandulosum ; [FPN, 307]

E. g. var. tenue (Trel.) Hitchc.

Epilobium brevistylum
Epilobium delicatum
Epilobium ursinum
Epilobium glandulosum var. tenue ; [FPN, 307]

E. g. var. macounii (Trel.) Hitchc.

Epilobium halleanum Epilobium leptocarpum

Epilobium mirabile Epilobium paddoense

Epilobium glandulosum var. macounii ; [FPN, 307]

Epilobium glandulosum × montanum

Epilobium glandulosum × montanum ; [RK, 299]

Epilobium glandulosum × palustre

Epilobium glandulosum × palustre ; [RK, 299]

Epilobium davuricum Fischer ex Hornem.

Vuorolehtihorsma Dauurilainen horsma Arctic Willow-weed Smaldunört
Epilobium dahuricum ; [SK, 419]
Epilobium davuricum ; [RK, 299]; [SPK, 417]

624x1003 (~88Kb) Finland: Suomussalmi, Saarikylä, 5.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Epilobium palustre L.

Suohorsma Marsh Willow-herb Swamp Willow-herb Kärrdunört
Epilobium lineare Muhl.
Epilobium wyomingense Nels.
Epilobium palustre ; [RK, 299]; [SK, 419]; [GMBOT, 597]; [FPN, 307]; [SPK, 417]

758x1011 (~177Kb) Finland: Nokia, Penttilä, 16.7.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

1274x876 (~128Kb) Finland: Nokia, Penttilä, 16.7.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

1179x846 (~103Kb) Finland: Nokia, Penttilä, 16.7.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Proserpinus proserpina, Synaphe punctalis

E. p. f. lapponica Hausskn.

Epilobium palustre f. lapponica ; [SK, 419]

E. p. f. angusta Hn.

Epilobium palustre f. angusta ; [SK, 419]

E. p. var. labradoricum Haussk.

Epilobium palustre var. labradoricum ; [GMBOT, 597]

E. p. var. monticola Haussk.

Epilobium oliganthum Michx.
Epilobium lineare var. oliganthum (Michx.); Trel.
Epilobium palustre var. monticola ; [GMBOT, 597]

Epilobium laestadii Kytövuori

Turjanhorsma Lappdunört
Epilobium laestadii ; [RK, 300]; [SPK, 417]

Epilobium alsinifolium Vill.

Hetehorsma Källdunört
?Epilobium origanifolium Lam.; (part?)
Epilobium alsinifolium ; [RK, 300]; [SPK, 418]
Epilobium origanifolium var. alsinifolium ; [SK, 418]

Epilobium alsinifolium × palustre

Epilobium × haynaldianum Haussk.n
Epilobium alsinifolium × palustre ; [RK, 300]

Epilobium hornemannii Reichenb.

Pohjanhorsma Fjälldunört
?Epilobium origanifolium Lam.; (part?)
?Epilobium papillosum Mela
Epilobium hornemannii ; [RK, 300]; [SPK, 418]
Epilobium Hornemanni ; [GMBOT, 597]
Epilobium papillosum ; [SK, 418 (syn. of var. hornemanni)]
Epilobium origanifolium var. hornemanni ; [SK, 418]

528x750 (~57Kb) Finland, Hyrynsalmi, Paljakka, 2.7.2003 © Harri Arkkio

Epilobium hornemannii × palustre

Epilobium hornemannii × palustre ; [RK, 300]

Epilobium lactiflorum Hausskn.

Valkohorsma Mjölkdunört
Epilobium alpinum var. lactiflorum (Hausskn.); Hitchc.
Epilobium lactiflorum ; [RK, 300]; [SPK, 418]
Epilobium alpinum lactiflorum ; [SK, 419]
Epilobium alpinum var. lactiflorum ; Hitchc., [FPN, 308]

734x979 (~65Kb) Finland, Kilpisjärvi, 28.7.2004, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam.

Tunturihorsma Dvärgdunört
Epilobium alpinum L.
Epilobium anagallidifolium, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Epilobium anagallidifolium ; [RK, 301]; [GMBOT, 597]; [SPK, 418]
Epilobium alpinum ; [SK, 418]
Epilobium alpinum anagallidifolium ; [SK, 419]
Epilobium alpinum var. alpinum ; [FPN, 308]

950x986 (~71Kb) Finland, Kilpisjärvi, 25.7.2004, Photo © Harri Arkkio

616x440 (~45Kb) Finland, Kilpisjärvi, 29.7.2004, Photo © Harri Arkkio

28.3.2009 (34)

References:

[BONAP]

A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; A data base interface; BONAP U.S. Checklist - 1998; Provided by TAMU-BWG; Texas A & M Bioinformatics Working Group; Based on; Biota of North America Program

[DVF]

Den Virtuella floran; http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html; Ett projekt vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden).; Even for non-Swedish speaker, the distribution maps on species are nice (map buttons "Norden" and "Norra halvklotet")

[FPN]

Hitchcock & Cronquist, 1998; Flora of the Pacific Northwest (11th ed.); ISBN 0-295-95273-3

[GMBOT]

Robinson, Benjamin, Fernald, Lyndon, 1908; Gray's New Manual of Botany (7th edition); A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada; American Book Company

[Gabriel Alziar]

Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle; 60 boulevard Risso; F-06300 Nice (France)

[Harri Arkkio]

Finland; For the time being these pictures are only for this site. Other usage not allowed.

[RK]

Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. (eds), 1998; Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finland); Ed. 4. 656 pp.; Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum. Helsinki

[RUNEBERG]

Project Runeberg: Nordic literature online; Project Runeberg; Bilder ur Nordens Fauna (Carl Axel Magnus Lindman)

[SK]

Mela & Cajander, 1906; Suomen Kasvio; Viides painos

[SPK]

Mossberg & Stenberg, 2005; Finnish edition: Seppo Vuokko & Henry Väre; Suuri Pohjolan Kasvio; ISBN 951-31-2924-1

[USGS]

Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/index.htm

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.