Gymnothorax

Life

Pisces

Actinopterygii

Anguilliformes

Muraenidae

Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795: Notorabula Whitley, 1934; (synonym)
Polyuranodon Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Rabula Jordan & Davis, 1891; (synonym)
Pseudomuraena Johnson, 1862; (synonym)
Priodonophis Kaup, 1860; (synonym)
Serranguilla Whitley & Phillipps, 1939; (synonym)
Thaerodontis McClelland, 1844; (synonym)
Verdithorax Whitley, 1931; (synonym)
Chasmenchelys Fowler, 1944; (synonym)
Ahynnodontophis Fowler, 1912; (synonym)

Gymnothorax afer

Muraena tristis Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Muraena tristis Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, no features)
Thyrsoidea maculipinnis Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Thyrsoidea maculipinnis Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, no features)
Thyrsoidea marginata Kaup, 1860; (synonym)

Gymnothorax albimarginatus Hatooka, 1984

Muraena albimarginata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846; (valid as)

Gymnothorax albomaculatus

Gymnothorax albo maculatus Bliss, 1883; (misspelling)
Gymnothorax albomaculatus Bliss, 1883; (misspelling)

Gymnothorax angusticauda Randall & Golani, 1995

Muraena angusticauda Weber & de Beaufort, 1916; (valid as)
Priodonophis angusticauda Weber & de Beaufort, 1916; (valid as)

Gymnothorax angusticeps

Priodonophis angusticeps Hildebrand & Barton, 1949; (valid as)

Gymnothorax annasona Francis, 1993

Gymnothorax flavimarginatus annasona Whitley, 1937; (valid as)

Gymnothorax annulatus Smith & Bæhlke, 1997

Gymnothorax australicola Lavenberg, 1992

Gymnothorax bacalladoi Bæhlke [E. B] & Brito, 1987

?Gymnothorax bathyphilus Randall & McCosker, 1975

Gymnothorax berndti Snyder, 1904

Gymnothorax boschii

Muraena boschii Bleeker, 1853; (valid as)
Gymnothorax boschii Paxton et al., 1989; (valid as)

?Gymnothorax brasiliensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & Randall, 1977

Gymnothorax buroensis Hatooka, 1984

Muraena buroensis Bleeker, 1857; (valid as)
Muraena buro¯nsis Bleeker, 1857; (misspelling)
Muraena atra Ehrenberg, 1871; (unavailable, in synonymy)
Muraena corallina Klunzinger, 1871; (synonym)
Gymnothorax marquesensis Seale, 1906; (synonym)
Lycodontis corallinus Dor, 1984; (synonym)

Gymnothorax castaneus Allen & Robertson, 1994

Sidera castanea Jordan & Gilbert, 1883; (valid as)

Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1865

Gymnothorax samalensis Seale, 1910; (synonym)

Gymnothorax chlamydatus

Gymnothorax chlamydatus Snyder, 1908; (valid, uncertain)

?Gymnothorax colubrinus Suckow, 1799

Gymnothorax conspersus Poey, 1867

Gymnothorax cribroris Whitley, 1932

?Gymnothorax dakini Whitley & Colefax, 1938

?Gymnothorax detactus Bryan & Herre, 1903

Gymnothorax dorsalis Seale, 1917

Gymnothorax dovii Allen & Robertson, 1994

Muraena dovii Gìnther, 1870; (valid as)
Gymnothorax arae Borodin, 1928; (synonym)

?Gymnothorax echidna Suckow, 1799

Echidna variegata Forster, 1788; (unavailable, in synonymy)
?Gymnothorax echidna Forster, 1801
Echidna variegata Forster, 1844; (unavailable, in synonymy)

Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883

Muraena flavimarginata Kaup, 1856; (1 homonym)
Muraena flavimarginata Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, in synonymy)
Muraena flavimarginata Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, no features)
Gymnothorax goldsboroughi Jordan & Evermann, 1903; (synonym)

Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & Randall, 1982

Gymnothorax equatorialis Allen & Robertson, 1994

Priodonophis equatorialis Hildebrand, 1946; (valid as)

Gymnothorax eurostus Hatooka, 1984

Thyrsoidea eurosta Abbott, 1861; (valid as)
Lycodontis parvibranchialis Fowler, 1900; (synonym)
Muraena laysana Steindachner, 1900; (synonym)
Gymnothorax ercodes Jenkins, 1903; (synonym)
Gymnothorax chalazius Waite, 1904; (synonym)
Gymnothorax gilberti Tanaka, 1908; (synonym)
Gymnothorax dentex de Buen, 1961; (synonym)

Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Thaerodontis reticulata McClelland, 1844; (synonym)
Muraena python Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Muraena python Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, no features)

Gymnothorax fimbriatus Hatooka, 1984

Muraena fimbriata Bennett, 1832; (valid as)
Muraena bullata Richardson, 1848; (synonym)
Muraena isingleenoides Bleeker, 1853; (synonym)
Muraena isingleeno¯des Bleeker, 1853; (misspelling)
Muraena melanostigma Kuhl, 1856; (unavailable, in synonymy)

Gymnothorax flavimarginata

Muraena flavimarginata Rìppell, 1830; (valid as)
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus Hatooka, 1984; (valid as)
Lycodontis flavimarginatus Dor, 1984; (valid as)
Gymnothorax flavimarginata Paxton et al., 1989; (valid as)

Gymnothorax flavimarginatus

Muraena mauritiana Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Muraena mauritiana Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, no features)
Muraena batuensis Bleeker, 1856-57; (synonym)
Gymnothorax viridipinnis Bliss, 1883; (synonym)
Gymnothorax thalassopterus Jenkins, 1903; (synonym)
Muraena viridipinna Seale, 1917; (synonym)
Muraena viridipinna Seale, 1917; (synonym, objective)
Lycodontis lemayi Smith, 1949; (synonym)

Gymnothorax formosus Bleeker, 1865

Gymnothorax rhodocephalus Bleeker, 1865; (synonym)

Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1840

Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1840; (unavailable, no features)
Muraena lineo-pinnis Richardson, 1848; (misspelling)
Muraena lineopinnis Richardson, 1848; (synonym)
Taeniophis westphali Kaup, 1860; (synonym)
Thyrsoidea aterrima Kaup, 1860; (synonym)
Muraena infernalis Poey, 1861; (synonym)

Gymnothorax fuscomaculata

Rabula fuscomaculata Schultz, 1953; (valid as)
Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus Castle & McCosker, 1986; (valid as)
Gymnothorax fuscomaculata Paxton et al., 1989; (valid as)

?Gymnothorax garsiae Whitley & Colefax, 1938

Gymnothorax gracilicauda Jenkins, 1903

Heteromyrus atolli Pietschmann, 1935; (synonym)

Gymnothorax hepaticus

Muraena cinerascens Rìppell, 1830; (synonym)
Muraena hepatica Rìppell, 1830; (valid as)
Muraena hemprichii Klunzinger, 1871; (synonym)
Leptocephalus muraenae hepaticae D'Ancona, 1928; (valid as)
Lycodontis hepaticus Dor, 1984; (valid as)
Gymnothorax hepaticus Chen et al., 1994; (valid as)

Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933

Gymnothorax brunneus Herre, 1923; (1 homonym)
Gymnothorax brunneus Herre, 1923; (synonym)
Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933; (replacement)

Gymnothorax hilonis

Gymnothorax hilonis Jordan & Evermann, 1903; (valid, uncertain)

Gymnothorax hubbsi Bæhlke & Bæhlke, 1977

?Gymnothorax insignis Seale, 1917

Gymnothorax intesi Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979

Lycodontis intesi Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979; (valid as)

Gymnothorax isingteena

Muraena isingteena Richardson, 1845; (valid as)

Gymnothorax javanicus

Muraena javanica Bleeker, 1859; (valid as)
Gymnothorax javanicus Hatooka, 1984; (valid as)
Lycodontis javanicus Dor, 1984; (valid as)

Gymnothorax johnsoni Castle & McCosker, 1986

Lycodontis johnsoni Smith, 1962; (valid as)

Gymnothorax kidako Hatooka, 1984

Muraena kidako Temminck & Schlegel, 1846; (valid as)

Gymnothorax kolpos Bæhlke & Bæhlke, 1980

Gymnothorax leucostigma Jordan & Richardson, 1909

Gymnothorax longinquus Paxton et al., 1989

Lycodontis longinquus Whitley, 1948; (valid as)

?Gymnothorax macrosiphon Bleeker, 1873

?Gymnothorax maculaepinnis Bleeker, 1866

Gymnothorax maderensis Bæhlke et al., 1989

Pseudomuraena maderensis Johnson, 1862; (valid as)
Ahynnodontophis rosaliae Howell Rivero, 1932; (synonym)

?Gymnothorax makassariensis Bleeker, 1863

Gymnothorax mareei Poll, 1953

Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1865

Gymnothorax talofa Jordan & Starks, 1906; (synonym)

Gymnothorax marshallensis Myers, 1991

Rabula marshallensis Schultz, 1953; (valid as)

Gymnothorax mccoskeri Smith & Bæhlke, 1997

Gymnothorax megaspilus Bæhlke & Randall, 1995

Gymnothorax melanospilos

Muraena melanospilos Bleeker, 1855; (valid as)
Gymnothorax melanospilos Hatooka, 1984; (valid as)
Muraena melanospilus Hatooka, 1984; (misspelling)

Gymnothorax melatremus Schultz, 1953

Gymnothorax meleagris

Muraena meleagris Shaw, 1795; (valid as)
Thyrsoidea chlorostigma Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Gymnothorax leucostictus Jenkins, 1903; (synonym)
Gymnothorax meleagris Hatooka, 1984; (valid as)
Lycodontis meleagris Dor, 1984; (valid as)

Gymnothorax microspila

Muraena microspila Gìnther, 1870; (valid as)

Gymnothorax mieroszewskii

Muraena mieroszewskii Steindachner, 1896; (valid as)

Gymnothorax miliaris

Thrysoidea miliaris Kaup, 1856; (valid as)
Leptocephalus fuliginosus Stræmman, 1896; (synonym)
Muraena grandimaculis Regan, 1903; (synonym)
Muraena miliaris Robins & Ray, 1986; (valid as)
Gymnothorax miliaris Edwards & Glass, 1987; (valid as)

?Gymnothorax mindanoensis Borodin, 1930

Gymnothorax minor Smith & Bæhlke, 1997

Muraena minor Temminck & Schlegel, 1846; (valid as)

Gymnothorax moluccensis Randall & Golani, 1995

Priodonophis moluccensis Bleeker, 1865; (valid as)

Gymnothorax monochrous Hatooka, 1984

Muraena monochrous Bleeker, 1856; (valid as)

Gymnothorax monostigma

Muraena monostigma Regan, 1909; (valid as)

Gymnothorax mordax Eschmeyer & Herald, 1983

Muraena mordax Ayres, 1859; (valid as)
Rabula davisi Fowler, 1912; (synonym)

Gymnothorax moringa Robins & Ray, 1986

Muraena moringa Cuvier, 1829; (valid as)
Gymnothorax rostratus Agassiz, 1831; (synonym)
Muraena punctata Gronow, 1854; (synonym)
Murenophis caramuru Castelnau, 1855; (synonym)
Murenophis curvilineata Castelnau, 1855; (synonym)
Muraena acutirostris Abbott, 1861; (synonym)
Thyrsoidea concolor Abbott, 1861; (synonym)
Gymnothorax flavoscriptus Poey, 1876; (synonym)
Gymnothorax picturatus Poey, 1880; (synonym)
Lycodontis albimentis Evermann & Marsh, 1900; (synonym)

Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder, 1904

Gymnothorax nasuta de Buen, 1961

Gymnothorax neglectus Tanaka, 1911

?Gymnothorax nigricans Suckow, 1799

Gymnothorax nigromarginatus Robins & Ray, 1986

Neomuraena nigromarginata Girard, 1858; (valid as)

Gymnothorax niphostigmus Chen, Shao & Chen, 1996

?Gymnothorax nivosus Tanaka, 1918

Gymnothorax nubilus Paulin, Stewart, Roberts & McMillan, 1989

Muraena nubila Richardson, 1848; (valid as)

Gymnothorax nudivomer

Muraena nudivomer Gìnther, 1867; (valid as)
Gymnothorax xanthostomus Snyder, 1904; (synonym)
Gymnothorax nudivomer Hatooka, 1984; (valid as)
Lycodontis nudivomer Dor, 1984; (valid as)

Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder, 1904

Gymnothorax obesus Gomon et al., 1994

Uropterygius obesus Whitley, 1932; (valid as)
Gymnothorax griffini Whitley & Phillipps, 1939; (synonym)

?Gymnothorax obscurirostris Rendahl, 1921

Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz, 1831

Muraena tricolor Richardson (ex Banks & Solander), 1848; (unavailable, in synonymy)
Murenophis variegata Castelnau, 1855; (synonym)
Priodonophis ocellatus Kaup, 1860; (valid as)
Gymnothorax ocellatus var. januarius Jordan & Davis, 1891; (replacement)
Gymnothorax ocellatus var. januarius Jordan & Davis, 1891; (synonym)
Lycodontis jordani Evermann & Marsh, 1899; (synonym)
Muraena ocellata Menni, Ringuelet & Aramburu, 1984; (valid as)

Gymnothorax odiosus

Gymnothorax odiosus Snyder, 1908; (valid, uncertain)

Gymnothorax panamensis Allen & Robertson, 1994

Muraena panamensis Steindachner, 1876; (valid as)
Chasmenchelys panamensis Fowler, 1944; (synonym)
Lycodontis umbra Fowler, 1944; (synonym)

Gymnothorax parini Collette, Smith & Bæhlke, 1991

Gymnothorax permistus

Lycodontis permistus Smith, 1962; (valid as)
Gymnothorax permistus Castle & McCosker, 1986; (valid as)

Gymnothorax pescadoris Jordan & Evermann, 1902

Gymnothorax phasmatodes Castle & McCosker, 1986

Lycodontis phasmatodes Smith, 1962; (valid as)

Gymnothorax philippinus Jordan & Seale, 1907

Gymnothorax pictus

Muraena picta Ahl, 1789; (valid as)
Muraena lita Richardson, 1848; (synonym)
Muraena pfeifferi Bleeker, 1853; (synonym)
Muraena polyophthalmus Bleeker, 1858; (synonym)
Gymnothorax thomsoni Borodin, 1928; (synonym)
Gymnothorax pictus Hatooka, 1984; (valid as)
Siderea picta Dor, 1984; (valid as)

?G. p. kowanensis Aoyagi, 1943

Gymnothorax pikei Bliss (ex Steindachner), 1883

Gymnothorax pikei Seale, 1917; (1 HOMONYM)

Gymnothorax pindae Smith, 1962

Gymnothorax polygonius Poey, 1875

Gymnothorax polyuranodon Paxton et al., 1989

Muraena polyuranodon Bleeker, 1853; (valid as)
Uropterygius fijiensis Fowler & Bean, 1923; (synonym)

Gymnothorax porphyreus Francis & Randall, 1993

Muraenophis rufo-marmorato Guichenot, 1848; (synonym)
Murenophis marmoratus Guichenot, 1848; (synonym)
Murenophis porphyreus Guichenot, 1848; (valid as)
Muraena chilensis Gìnther, 1872; (synonym)
Gymnothorax wieneri Sauvage, 1883; (synonym)

Gymnothorax prasinus Paxton et al., 1989

Muraena prasina Richardson, 1848; (valid as)
Gymnothorax jacksoniensis Bleeker, 1863; (synonym)
Muraena callorhyncha Gìnther, 1870; (synonym)
Verdithorax prasinus Whitley, 1931; (valid as)
Notorabula callorhyncha Whitley, 1934; (synonym)
Gymnothorax leecote Scott, 1965; (synonym)

Gymnothorax prionodon Ogilby, 1895

Serranguilla prionodon Whitley & Phillipps, 1939; (valid as)

Gymnothorax prolatus Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991

Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus Hatooka, 1984

Muraena pseudothryso¯dea Bleeker, 1852; (misspelling)
Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Bleeker, 1852; (valid as)

?Gymnothorax punctarenae Fowler, 1917

Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus Bleeker, 1863

Gymnothorax punctato-fasciatus Bleeker, 1863; (misspelling)

Gymnothorax punctatus

Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801; (valid as)
Lycodontis punctatus Dor, 1984; (valid as)
Gymnothorax punctatus Randall & Golani, 1995; (valid as)

Gymnothorax randalli Smith & Bæhlke, 1997

Gymnothorax reevesii Hatooka, 1984

Muraena reevesii Richardson, 1845; (valid as)

Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch, 1795

Muraena bicolor Bleeker (ex Reinwardt), 1864-65; (unavailable, in synonymy)

Gymnothorax richardsonii Castle & McCosker, 1986

Muraena ceramensis Bleeker, 1852; (synonym)
Muraena richardsonii Bleeker, 1852; (valid as)
Muraena scoliodon Bleeker, 1853; (synonym)
Muraena scoliodon Bleeker, 1853; (unavailable, no features)
Muraena troschelii Bleeker, 1853; (synonym)
Muraena florisiana Bleeker, 1854; (synonym)
Muraena diplodon Peters, 1855; (synonym)
Muraena vermicularis Peters, 1855; (synonym)
Muraena chrysops Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Muraena chrysops Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, no features)
Thyrsoidea multifasciata Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Muraena modesta Kaup, 1860; (synonym)
Gymnothorax richardsoni Hatooka, 1984; (misspelling)

Gymnothorax robinsi Bæhlke, 1997

Gymnothorax rueppelliae

Dalophis rueppelliae McClelland, 1844; (valid as)
Dalophis rìppelliae McClelland, 1844; (misspelling)
Muraena umbrofasciata Rìppell, 1852; (unavailable, in synonymy)
Muraena nigrolineata Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Muraena nigrolineata Kaup, 1856; (unavailable, no features)
Sidera chlevastes Jordan & Gilbert, 1883; (synonym)
Gymnothorax leucacme Jenkins, 1903; (synonym)
Gymnothorax waialuae Snyder, 1904; (synonym)
Gymnothorax ruppelliae Hatooka, 1984; (valid as)
Lycodontis rueppelli Dor, 1984; (valid as)

Gymnothorax ruppelliae

Muraena interrupta Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Muraena petelli Bleeker, 1856; (synonym)

Gymnothorax sagmacephalus Bæhlke, 1997

Gymnothorax saxicola Robins & Ray, 1986

Gymnothorax ocellatus var. saxicola Jordan & Davis, 1891; (valid as)
Leptocephalus gillii Facciol , 1893; (valid as)
Leptocephalus gillii Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1902; (synonym)
Leptocephalus latus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1902; (synonym)
Leptocephalus strommani Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1902; (synonym)
Leptocephalus stræmmani Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1902; (synonym)

Gymnothorax serratidens

Priodonophis serratidens Hildebrand & Barton, 1949; (valid as)

?Gymnothorax signifer Bliss, 1883

?Gymnothorax sokotrensis Kotthaus, 1968

Gymnothorax steindachneri Jordan & Evermann, 1903

?Gymnothorax stigmanotus Fowler, 1912

?Gymnothorax tahitensis Seale, 1906

Gymnothorax tile

Lycodontis literata McClelland, 1844; (synonym)
Muraena gracilis Richardson, 1848; (synonym)
Muraena vermiculata Richardson, 1848; (synonym)
Thyrsoidea microdon Kaup, 1856; (synonym)
Gymnothorax borneensis Bleeker, 1863; (synonym)
Gymnothorax borne«nsis Bleeker, 1863; (misspelling)
Lycodontis literata Jordan & Evermann, 1896; (synonym)

Gymnothorax unicolor Edwards & Glass, 1987

Muraena unicolor Olafsen & Povelsen, 1775; (valid as)
Muraenophis unicolor Delaroche, 1809; (valid as)
Muraenophis cristini Risso, 1810; (synonym)
Muraena monaca Gìnther (ex Cocco), 1870; (unavailable, in synonymy)
Lycodontis unicolor Smith & Bæhlke, 1990; (valid? as)

Gymnothorax verrilli McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1995

Sidera verrilli Jordan & Gilbert, 1883; (valid as)

?Gymnothorax wakanourae Tanaka, 1908

Gymnothorax woodwardi McCulloch, 1912

Gymnothorax wooliensis Paxton et al., 1989

Lycodontis wooliensis Whitley, 1968; (valid as)

Gymnothorax ypsilon Hatooka & Randall, 1992

Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906

Gymnothorax indong Seale, 1910; (synonym)

24.4.2004 (130)

Additional information sources:

The taxonomic information and the basic database has been provided by; e-mail: Igor Sheremetyev; This is a conversion from a database dump, and there are probably many odd things as result of automatic conversion.

	prev	next	Scientific names	Finnish names	English names
All	Gymnomuraena	Lycodontis	Gymnothorax	(gymnothorax)	(gymnothorax)


Goto: