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Cervus Linnaeus, 1758

Cervus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (edn. 10) 1: 66, TS: Cervus elaphus Linnaeus
Elaphus
Strongyloceros
Eucervus Acloque
Axis
Dactylocerus
Dama
Elaphoceros
Harana
Hippelaphus
Machlis
Palmatus
Platyceros
Przewalskium
Pseudaxis
Pseudocervus
Sica
Sika
Sikaillus

1000x666 (~208Kb) USA: FR 9711, Hurley Creek (47°18'N 120°38'W), Kittitas Co., WA, 5.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

1000x680 (~136Kb) USA: Cape Blanco, (42°49'57N 124°32'50W ±1km), Curry Co. OR, 2.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela

1400x1207 (~386Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758

Europe (widely introduced), W.Iran, New Zealand (introduced), N.America introduced, S.America introduced. See [About maps] Kuusipeura Fallow Deer
Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (edn. 10) 1: 67, TL: Sweden (introduced)
Cervus dama ; [MPR, 199]

432x800 (~136Kb) male Neumuenster Animal Park (Germany), September 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode

792x600 (~176Kb) female Lauenbrueck Wild Animal Park, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

600x688 (~153Kb) female Lauenbrueck Wild Animal Park, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

C. d. dama Linnaeus, 1758

Europe Cervus dama dama Linnaeus, 1758; , TL: Sweden (introduced)
platyceros
plinii
albus
leucaethiops
maura
mauricus
niger
varius
vulgaris

C. d. mesopotamica Brooke, 1875

Luristan, Iran mesopotamiae

Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777

India, Sri Lanka, N.Yugoslavia (Istria, introduced). See [About maps] Spotted Deer Chital
Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777; Syst. Regn. Anim., 1: 312, TL: Ganges, Bihar
Cervus axis ; [MPR, 199]
Axis axis ;

668x600 (~149Kb) Hagenbeck Zoological Garden, Hamburg (Germany), May 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode

697x600 (~184Kb) female Hagenbeck Zoological Garden, Hamburg (Germany), May 1999 (juvenile), Photo © Ralf Schmode

Cervus porcinus (Zimmermann, 1780)

India - Vietnam, Yunnan, Sri Lanka, Bawean Is.. See [About maps] porcinus (Zimmermann, 1780); Spec. Zool. Geogr.: 532, TL: India, Bengal
calamianensis
kuhli
Axis porcinus ;

Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838

Japan, Ussuri Region, Korea, Manchuria, Taiwan, introduced (Ireland, Britain, Denmark, C.Europe). See [About maps] Japaninpeura Sika Deer
Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838; Coup d'oeil sur la faune ds iles de la Sonde et de L'empire du Japon: 22, TL: Japan
?kematoceros
?minutus
?modestus
Cervus nippon ; [MPR, 200]

C. n. nippon

Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Japan aceros
aplodontus
blakistoninus
brachypus
consobrinus
dainius
dejardinus
dolichorhinus
elegans
ellipticus
fuscus
hollandianus
infelix
japonicus
keramae; , TL: Kerama Is, Ryukyu Is
latidens
legrandianus
marmandianus
minoensis
minor Brooke
mitratus
orthopodicus
orthopus
paschalis
regulus
rex
schizodonticus
schlegeli
sendaiensis
sica
sicarius
sika
typicus
sylvanus
xendaiensis
Cervus centralis Kishida, 1936; 275, TL: Yatsugatake, Nagano Pref., Honshu, Japan

C. n. yesoensis Heude, 1884

Hokkaido Hokkaido Sika Deer
Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884; , TL: Hokkaido
?matsumotei
rutilus

C. n. yakushimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950

Yakushima, Mageshima, Akuneoshima Yakushima Sika Deer
Cervus nippon var. yakushimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950; 60, TL: Yakushima Is., S. Japan
Cervus nippon var. mageshimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950; 62, TL: Mageshima Is., Kyushu, Japan

C. n. hortulorum Swinhow, 1864

SE.Siberia, Korea, Manchuria, China Dybowski's Sika Deer
andreanus
arietinus
brachyrhinus
cycloceros
cyclorhinus
dugenneanus
dybowskii
euopis
frinianus
gracilis
granulosus
grassianus; (N. Shensi)
grilloanus
hyemalis
ignotus
imperialis
joretianus
kopschi; (Kiangsi, S. China)
lachrymosus
mandarinus; (Hopei)
mantchuricus
microdontus
microspilus
oxycephalus
pouvrelianus
?pseudaxis Gray
riverianus
surdescens
yuanus
Cervus nippon swinhoei Glover, 1956; (preocc. by Cervus swinhoii Sclater, 1862)

600x743 (~206Kb) "Schwarze Berge" Wild Animal Park, Germany, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

C. n. taiouanus Blyth, 1860

Taiwan Formosan Sika Deer

taëvanus tai-oranus taivanus devilleanus

dominicanus morrisianus novioninus schulzianus

C. n. pulchellus Imaizumi, 1970

Tsushima Is. Cervus pulchellus Imaizumi, 1970; Bull. natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 13: 185-194, TL: Are, Izuhara, Tsushima Is., Japan

Cervus albirostris Przewalski, 1883

Tibet, Nan Shan (Chingai), W.Szechuan. See [About maps] Thorold's Deer
Cervus albirostris Przewalski, 1883; Third Journey in Central Asia: 124, TL: Nan Shan, W. Kansu, 3 km above mouth of Kokusu River, Humboldt Mts.
dyboskii Sclater
sellatus
thoroldi
Cervus albirostris ; [MPR, 200]

Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758

EU, Tunisia, Algeria, Asia Minor, Caucasus - Elburz Mts, Turkestan, C.Asia (montane forests), Amur, Manchuria, W.China, Yunnan, N.America. See [About maps] Saksanhirvi Red Deer Wapiti
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (edn. 10) 1: 67, TL: S.Sweden
Cervus elaphus ; [MPR, 200]

900x620 (~130Kb) USA: Near Lion Rock, Table Mtn, Kittitas Co., WA, 30.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

C. e. elaphus

Europe typicus
vulgaris
albicus
albifrons
albus
atlanticus; (W.Norway)
bajovaricus
balticus
bolivari
campestris Botezat, 1903; (preocc. by Cervus campestris Cuvier, 1817 = Odocoileus virginianus)
debilis
germanicus
hippelaphus; (Belgium)
montanus; (Carpathians)
neglectus
rhenanus
saxonicus
scoticus; (Scotland)
varius
visurgensis
Cervus elaphus brauneri Charlemagne, 1920; , TL: Crimean Mts, Ukraine
Cervus Elafus[sic] tauricus Fortunatov, 1925; , TL: Ukraine
Cervus elaphus carpathicus Tatarinov, 1956; , TL: Ukrainian Carpathians

C. e. corsicanus Erxleben, 1777

Corsica, Sardinia, S.Spain and NW. Africa minor
barbarus; (Tunisia)
corsiniacus
hispanicus; (SW. Spain)
mediterraneus

C. e. maral Gray, 1850

Asia Mior, Caucasus - N.Iran Cervus elaphus maral Gray, 1850; , TL: N.Iran
caspius
caucasicus

C. e. bactrianus Lydekker, 1900

Turkestean, N.Afghanistan Cervus elaphus bactrianus Lydekker, 1900; , TL: Tashkent
hagenbecki

C. e. affinis Hodgson, 1841

Himalayas (Kashmir - Yunnan) - W.China - Kansu Cervus elaphus affinis Hodgson, 1841; , TL: Saul Forest, Nepal
cashmeerianus
cashmerensis
casperianus
hanglu
kansuensis; (Kansu)
macneilli; (W.Szechuan)
wardi

C. e. wallichi Cuvier, 1823

SW.Tibet Cervus elaphus wallichi Cuvier, 1823; , TL: near Lake Mansarowar
nariyanus
tibetanus

C. e. yarkandensis Blanford, 1892

Tarim Basin, Singkiang Cervus elaphus yarkandensis Blanford, 1892; , TL: Maralbashi Forest

C. e. alashanicus Bobrinski & Flerov, 1935

SE.Mongolia (Alashan Range) Cervus elaphus alashanicus Bobrinski & Flerov, 1935; , TL: Alashan Range, SE. Mongolia

C. e. xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867

Amur Basin, SE.Siberia (Sikhote Alin Range), E.Manchuria Cervus elaphus xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867; , TL: near Peking
bedfordianus; (Manchuria)
ussuricus; (Ussuri R.)

C. e. canadensis Erxleben, 1777

E.Siberia Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777; Systema regni animalis ..., 305, TL: Eastern Canada (Quebec)
asiaticus Severtzov, 1873; (W. Sayan Mts)
baicalensis; (W. Sayan Mts)
biedermanni
eustephanus
isubra; (N. Manchuria)
lühdorfi
sibirica Severtzov, 1873
songarica Severtzov, 1873; (Dzungarian Tien Shan)
wachei; (W. Mongolia)
?Cervus canadensis manitobensis Millais, 1915; in The gun at home and abroad ..., 4: 281, TL: Manitoba and E.Saskatchewan
?Cervus canadensis nelsoni Bailey, 1935; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 38: 188, TL: Yellowstone National Park
?Cervus canadensis roosevelti Merriam, 1897; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11: 272, TL: Mt. Elaine
?canadensis occidentalis (Hamilton Smith)

?C. e. ?ssp

Cervus merriami Nelson, 1902; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16: 7, TL: Black River, White Mts, Arizona
Cervus nannodes Merriam, 1905; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18: 24, TL: Buttonwillow, Kern Co., California

Cervus duvaucelii Cuvier, 1823

N.India, C.India, SW.Nepal. See [About maps] Barasingha Deer
Cervus duvaucelii Cuvier, 1823; Oss. Foss., 2nd ed., 4: 505, TL: N.India

800x562 (~196Kb) Hannover Zoo, Germany, September 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode

Cervus eldii M'Clelland, 1842

India - Vietnam, Hainan. See [About maps] Cervus eldi M'Clelland, 1842; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist., 2: 417, TL: Assam, Manipur

Cervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863

Thailand. See [About maps] Cervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863; Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta: 155, TL: Thailand

Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822

Sulawesi, Timor, Flores, Java, Bali, Buru, Seram, Molucca Is., introduced (N.Australia, New Zealand, New Britain, S.New Guinea). See [About maps] Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris, 94: 267, TL: Lesser Sunda Is., Timor Is.

Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792)

Philippines, Bonin Is., Borneo, Sumatra - India, S.China, C.China, Hainan, Taiwan, Guam, Siberut, Sipora Is., Pagi, Nias, Sri Lanka. See [About maps] unicolor (Kerr, 1792); Anim. Kingdom: 300, TL: Sri Lanka
mariannus
alfredi

26.10.2001 (11)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[MPR]

Corbet, 1978; The Mammals of the Palearctic Region: a taxonomic review

[Ralf Schmode]

Geesthacht, Germany; e-mail: Ralf Schmode; More of similar pictures from Ralf Schmode's; Animal Photography Page

Some related literature:

Imaizumi, 1970

Description of new species of Cervus from the Tsuchima Islands, Japan, with a revision of the subgenus Sika Bull. natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 13: 185-194, pls 1-2

Additional information sources:

• Nisäkäshavaintojen kerääjät Suomessa; (in Finnish only, various contacts for mammals observations within Finland)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.