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Goto:

Pieris Schrank, 1801

Whites
Pieris Schrank, 1801; Fauna Boica 2 (1): 152, 161, TS: Papilio brassicae Linnaeus
Mancipium Hübner, [1806]; Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: [1] (invalid), TS: Papilio brassicae Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Danaus Oken, 1815; (unavail.)

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Ganoris Dalman, 1816; K. VetenskAcad. Handl. 1816 (1): 61, TS: Papilio brassicae Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Andropodum Hübner, 1822; Syst.-alph. Verz.: 2-5, 7-9, TS: Papilio brassicae Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Tachyptera Berge, 1842; Schmetterlingsbuch: 19, 92-105, TS: Papilio brassicae Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Artogeia Verity, 1947; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 3: 192, 193, TS: Papilio napi Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Talbotia Bernardi, 1958; Rev. franc. Ent. 25: 125, TS: Mancipium naganum Moore
Pieris, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Pieris, Pieridae Holarcticae [Heiner Ziegler]
Pieris ; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 128; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28
Pieris (Pierini) ; [NL4A, 114]
Pieris (Pierina) ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 177; [AfrL]

Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)

NAF, EU, Asia Minor - Middle Asia, W.Siberia, S.Siberia, Mongolia, China, Japan, Amur, Ussuri. See [About maps] Kaaliperhonen Large White Large Cabbage White Kålfjäril Großer Kohlweißling Piéride du Chou Blanca de la Col Bielinek kapustnik
Papilio brassicae Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 467, TL: Sweden
Pontia chariclea Stephens, 1827; Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 17, pl. 3, f. 1-2
Ganoris wollastoni Butler, 1886; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 17 (101) : 430, TL: Madeira
?Pieris brassicae var. catoleuca Röber, 1896; Ent. Nachr. 22 (6) : 81, TL: Taurus
Pieris brassicae, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pieris brassicae, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Pieris brassicae, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Pieris brassicae, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Pieris brassicae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pieris brassicae, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris brassicae, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Pieris brassicae ; [BRU, 169]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 4, f. 16]; [MRS, 257]; [NL4A, #270]; [AfrL]; [Otakar Kudrna]

450x353 (~31Kb) underside Ansteys Cove, Devon, UK 07/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	600x763 (~41Kb) female FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, 671:53, 7.8.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	900x704 (~57Kb) underside female FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, 671:53, 7.8.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
400x596 (~42Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	593x400 (~35Kb) underside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	700x445 (~107Kb) larva Russia, Moscow, 10.7 - 15.8.2004, Photo © D. Smirnov
800x951 (~81Kb) underside Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 7.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	783x1044 (~94Kb) Germany, Rügen, Baabe, 26.7.2005 (on Eryngium maritimum), Photo © Harri Arkkio	906x542 (~103Kb) upperside female Russia: Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 06.08.2007, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Cruciferae, Cakile maritima, Isatis tinctoria, Brassica rapa, Brassica napus v. napobrassica, B. oleracea v. botrytis, B. oleracea v. capitata, Raphanus sativus, Crambe maritima, Armoracia rusticana, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Berteroa incana, Hesperis matronalis, Erysimum hieraciifolium, Barbarea stricta, Draba incana, Bunias orientalis, Reseda odorata, Nicotiana tabacum, Tropaeolum majus, T. Peregrinum [SPRK], Brassica spp., Lepidium spp., Tropaeolum spp. [MRS]

P. b. brassicae

Pieris brassicae-vazquezi Oberthür, 1914; Etud. Lépid. Comp. 9 (2) : 89, pl. 264, f. 2207, TL: Spain
Pieris brassicae gen. vern. var. chariclea f. venata Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 164, pl. 35, f. 24-25, TL: Morocco
Pieris brassicae verna Zeller, 1847; Isis von Oken 1847 (3): 220, TL: Italy
Pieris brassicae verna gen. aest. aestiva Zerny, 1935; Mém. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 52 (?42): 25, TL: Morocco
Pieris brassicae brassicae ; [BMAT, 7, pl. 2, f. 14-20]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28, pl. 45, f. 1

Larva on Sisymbrium sp., Lunaria biennis, Tropaeolum majus, Capparis spinosa, Raphanus raphanistrum, Isatis tinctoria, Brassica sp. [BMAT]

venata

600x435 (~37Kb) underside Morocco, Itzer, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

P. b. ottonis Röber, [1907]

Turan, Tian-Shan, Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Pamirs Pieris brassicae ottonis Röber, [1907]; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1 : 45 (repl. brassicoides Staudinger)
brassicae brassicoides Staudinger, 1901; in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lep. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1: (praeocc.)

P. b. nepalensis Gray, 1846

NW.India - N.Thailand, Laos, N.Vietnam, Yunnan Pieris brassicae var. nepalensis Gray, 1846; Descr. lep. Ins. Nepal : 9, pl. 6, f. 1, 3
?brassicae nepalensis Doubleday, [1845]; List. lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1 : 32
Pieris brassicae nepalensis, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Pieris brassicae nepalensis ; [MRS, 257]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28, pl. 45, f. 2; Huang, 2001

Pieris naganum (Moore, 1884)

Naga Hills. See [About maps] Naga White
Mancipium naganum Moore, 1884; J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 53 Pt.II (1) : 45, TL: Naga Hills, Assam
Mancipium nabanum[sic?] ; Hemming, 1967, Bull. Br. Mus. (Ent.) Suppl. 9 : 428 (missp.?)
Pieris naganum ; [BIR, 434]; [EBW]
Artogeia naganum ; [BOR, 148]
Talbotia naganum ; [MRS, 261]

P. n. naganum

Assam, N.Burma Artogeia naganum naganum
Artogeia naganum naganum ; [BOR, 148]

P. n. cisseis Leech, 1890

China (Houpe, Tsekiang, Honan, Fukien, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) Pieris cisseis Leech, 1890; Entomologist 23 : 192, TL: Chang-Yang
Talbotia naganum cisseis ;

P. n. karumii Ikeda, 1937

Taiwan Pieris naganum karumii Ikeda, 1937; Zephyrus 7 (1) : 37
Artogeia naganum karumii ; [BOR, 148]
Talbotia naganum karumii ; [MRS, 261]
Pieris naganum karumii ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 16

Larva on Bretschneidera sinensis [MRS]

P. n. pamsi Vitalis de Salvaza²

N.Vietnam, Laos ?Pieris naganum pamsi ?Salvin, 1921; ?Faun. Ent. Indochine (3): 18, TL: N.Vietnam
Talbotia naganum pamsi, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Talbotia naganum pamsi ;

Pieris deota (de Nicéville, [1884])

Kashmir, Pamir, Karakorum, Himalaya. See [About maps] Mancipium deota de Nicéville, [1884]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 52 Pt.II (2/4) : 82, pl. 9, f. 10 ♂, TL: Ladak
Pieris deota; [BRU, 169]
Pieris deota ; [MRS, 257]

Pieris tadjika Grum-Grshimailo, 1888

Turkestan (Darwaz). See [About maps] Pieris tadjika Grum-Grshimailo, 1888; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4) : 304, TL: Darwaz, Karategin, 7000-10000
Pieris tadjika, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]

Lots of confusion about which of these are "real species" and which not!

Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758)

NAF, EU, AM, AC, AN, AN. See [About maps] Lanttuperhonen Green-veined White Weined White Mustard White Rapsfjäril Heckenweißling Grünader-Weißling Piéride du Navet Blanca verdinervada Bielinek bytomkowiec
Papilio napi Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 468, TL: Sweden
?Pieris napi ab. impunctata Röber, 1907; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1 : 48
Pieris napi, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Pieris napi, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Pieris napi, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Pieris napi, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Pieris napi, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pieris napi, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris napi, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
napae ; Edwards, 1881, (missp.)
Pieris napi ; [BRU, 164]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 5, f. 4]; [MRS, 258]; [NL4A, #271]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Pieris napi f. funebris ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 45, f. 11

Misidentified/misapplied:

dubiosa; auct.
Pontia napi; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Artogeia napi; [NACL, #4195]
Artogeia napi; [NAB, 358]

500x380 (~46Kb) upperside Luckett, Cornwall, UK 04/06/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x416 (~46Kb) underside Bois de Caurel, Brittany, France 20/7/96, Photo © Simon Coombes	550x527 (~33Kb) female FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, 671:53, 18.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela
512x768 (~57Kb) underside Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Oetisheim, 8° 49' E, 48° 58' N, altitude 300m, 14.04.1998 (on Salix sp.), Photo © Karl Hofsäß	741x565 (~58Kb) underside male female Vienna, Austria, 12 June 2000, Photo © Erich Mangl	597x400 (~40Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
596x400 (~31Kb) underside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	900x654 (~55Kb) upperside male FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki 671:53, 29.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	900x696 (~61Kb) underside male FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki 671:53, 29.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
700x945 (~79Kb) underside male female Belgium, Antwerpen, Scheldelaan, 23.8.2003 (2nd gen.), Photo © Toon Verbruggen	1200x1050 (~157Kb) underside female Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 7.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	1300x1020 (~185Kb) upperside female Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 7.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
1024x665 (~107Kb) male Russia: Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 11.5.2009, Photo © D. Smirnov	450x387 (~20Kb) FINLAND: N: Espoo, Tapiola, June 1996, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Cruciferae, Thlaspi arvense, T. alpestre, Alliaria petiolata, Brassica campestris, B. rapa, Brassica napus v. napobrassica, B. oleracea, B. oleracea v. botrytis, Raphanus raphanistrum, B. sativus, Armoracia rusticana, Rorippa islandica, Cardamine amara, Arabis alpina, Hesperis matronalis, Berteroa incana, Reseda odorata, Tropaeolum majus, Calendula officinalis [SPRK], Cardamine leucantha, C. niponica, Rorippa isbandica, R. sylvestris [MRS]

P. n. napi

EU Papilio napaeae Esper, [1804]; Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (10): 119, pl. 116, f. 5
Pieris napi var. intermedia Krulikovsky, 1890; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou (n.s.) 4 (2) : 211, pl. 8, f. a
Pieris napi napi ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 45, f. 17, 21

P. n. lusitanica de Sousa, 1929

Portugal Pieris napi lusitanica de Sousa, 1929; Lep. Portug. Porto: 2

P. n. britannica Verity, 1911

Ireland.British Isles Pieris napi britannica Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 332, pl. 32, f. 4, 6

P. n. lappona Rangnow, 1935

N.Sweden, N.Finland Pieris napi lappona Rangnow, 1935; Ent. Rdsch. 52: 175, TL: Lappland
bicolorata Petersen, 1947; Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 26: 361
Pieris napi lappona ; Hensle, 2001, Atalanta 32 (1/2): 89-95

P. n. adalwinda Fruhstorfer, 1909

N.Europe Pieris napi adalwinda Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (16): 88
Pieris bryoniae adalwinda ; [BRU]

P. n. keskuelai Eitschberger, 2001

Polar Urals Pieris napi keskuelai Eitschberger, 2001; Atalanta 32 (1/2): 86, pl. I, f. 1-8, TL: Polar Ural, railway station

P. n. maura Verity, 1911

Algeria - W.Tunisia Pieris napi napi maura Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 332, pl. 59, f. 18-22, TL: Blida (Algeria)
Pieris napi-maura gen. aest. napaeae f. blidana Holl, 1914; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N. 6: 37, TL: Blida-les-Glaciéres, Tala Rana (Algeria)
Pieris napi atlantica Rothschild, 1917; Novit. Zool. 24 (1): 75, TL: Blida-les-Glaciéres and Kabylie (Algeria)
Pieris napi maura f. temp. mauretaniae Rothschild, 1925; Novit. Zool. 32 : 197, TL: Blida-les-Glaciéres (Algeria)
Pieris napi maura ; [BMAT, 9, pl. 3, f. 16-28]

P. n. atlantis Oberthür, 1925

Morocco Pieris napi napaeae atlantis Oberthür, 1925; Etud. Lépid. Comp. 22 (2): 58, pl. 593, f. 5014-5016, TL: Toumliline [Azrou] (Morocco)
Pieris napi atlantis ; [BMAT: 9, pl. 3, f. 29-32]

P. n. segonzaci Le Cerf, 1923

Morocco Pieris napi segonzaci Le Cerf, 1923; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1923: 197, TL: Ourika, Reraïa (Morocco)
Pieris napi-segonzaci f.indiv. deflava Le Cerf, 1923; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1923: 197
Pieris napi segonzaci; [BMAT: 9, pl. 4, f. 1-8], TL: Reraïa (Morocco)

600x435 (~29Kb) upperside Morocco, Djebel Siroua, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

600x435 (~22Kb) underside Morocco, Djebel Siroua, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Ptilotrichum spinosum [BMAT]

P. n. muchei Eitschberger, [1984]

Tian-Shan, Ghissar, S.Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, Dzhungarsky Alatau

P. n. japonica Shirôzu, 1953

Japan Pieris napi japonica Shirôzu, 1953; Sieboldia 1 (1952) : 18

P. n. napoleon Eitschberger, 1990

P. n. meridionalis Heyne, 1895

Pieris napi var. meridionalis Heyne, [1895]; in Rühl, Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte 1 (Tagfalter): 714

?P. n. r. montana

Sikkim - Burma ?napi r. montana ; [BIR, 432]

= Pieris melete ssp. montana Verity, 1908?

?P. n. r. melaena

Chumbi Valley ?napi r. melaena ; [BIR, 432]

Pieris ajaka Moore, 1865

Kashmir. See [About maps] Pieris ajaka Moore, 1865; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 490, pl. 31, f. 16, TL: Lower Kunawur
napi r. ajaka ; [BIR, 432]
Pieris ajaka ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 10

Pieris oleracea (Harris, 1829)

-. See [About maps] Mustard White
Pontia oleracea Harris, 1829; New England Farmer 7 (51): 402, TL: New Hampshire; Massachusetts
Pieris oleracea, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Pieris oleracea, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pieris oleracea ; [Opler]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

P. o. oleracea

Pieris cruciferarum Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 519

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

Pontia casta Kirby, 1837; in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 288, pl.3, f. 1

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

oleracea hyemalis Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (6) : 90, 98, pl. 2, f. 8

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

aestiva Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (6) : 93, 98, pl. 3, f. 15-16

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

Pieris oleracea oleracea gen.aest. postoleracea Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 263

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

Pieris cruciferarum ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 17, f. 36]
Pontia napi cruciferarum ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pontia napi oleracea ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Artogeia napi oleracea ; [NACL, #4195d]
Pieris oleracea oleracea ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

P. o. frigida Scudder, 1861

Labrador Pieris frigida Scudder, 1861; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8 : 181, TL: Caribou Island, Stratis of Belle Isle
Ganoris oleracea var. borealis Grote, 1873; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1 : 185, TL: Island of Anticosti

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

acadica Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (6) : 87, TL: Southern Newfoundland

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

Pieris oleracea ekisi Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 272, TL: Newfoundland

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

Pieris napi var. frigida f. pseudoleracea Verity, [1908]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 146, TL: Labrador

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

Pieris napi var. frigida f. vivida Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 334, TL: Labrador

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

Pontia napi borealis ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pontia napi frigida ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pontia napi acadica ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Artogeia napi frigida ; [NACL, #4195c]
Pieris oleracea frigida ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

Pieris marginalis Scudder, 1861

Yukon - British Columbia - California, Rocky Mountains. See [About maps] Margined White
Pieris marginalis Scudder, 1861; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8 : 183, TL: "Gulf of Georgia"
Pieris marginalis, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Pieris marginalis marginalis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pieris marginalis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Pieris marginalis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Artogeia napi marginalis ; [NACL, #4195f]
Pieris marginalis ; [BOC, 138]; [Opler]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 178

1000x791 (~61Kb) upperside female USA: Wallace Falls State Park (47°53'35N 121°40'53W), Snohomish Co., WA, 13.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

520x617 (~26Kb) upperside female USA: Wallace Falls State Park (47°53'35N 121°40'53W), Snohomish Co., WA, 13.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

400x502 (~17Kb) underside female USA: Wallace Falls State Park (47°53'35N 121°40'53W), Snohomish Co., WA, 13.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Dentaria angulata, D. pulcherrima, D. breweri, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum [BOC]

P. m. marginalis

Washington Pieris pallida Scudder, 1861; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8 : 183, TL: "Gulf of Georgia"

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

Pieris oleracea ab. flava Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (6) : 94

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179 (nom. nud.)

Pontia napi pallida ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pieris marginalis marginalis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

P. m. venosa (Scudder, 1861)

California Pieris venosa Scudder, 1861; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8 : 182, TL: San Mateo & Mendocino, California
Pieris venosa ab. flava Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (6) : 98

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179 (nom. nud.)

Pieris marginalis venosa, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pontia napi venosa ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Artogeia napi venosa ; [NACL, #4195e]
Pieris marginalis venosa ; [BOC, 138]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

P. m. castoria Reakirt, 1866

California Pieris castoria Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (3) : 238, TL: California
Pieris nasturtii Boisduval, 1869; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 38 (preocc. Pieris nasturtii Edwards, 1864), TL: California

= Pieris napi castoria ; [NL4A, #271a]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Pieris resedae Boisduval, 1869; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 39, TL: California

= Pieris napi castoria ; [NL4A, #271a]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Pieris iberidis Boisduval, 1869; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 39, TL: California

= Pieris napi castoria ; [NL4A, #271a]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Pieris napi microstriata Comstock, 1924; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23 (4): 125, TL: California

= Pieris napi castoria ; [NL4A, #271a]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Pieris napi var. castoria ab. ♂ cottlei Gunder, 1925; Ent. News 36 (7) : 197, pl. 5, f. 9, TL: Anderson Springs, Lake Co., California

= Pieris napi castoria ; [NL4A, #271a]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Pontia napi castoria ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pieris napi castoria ; [NL4A, #271a]
Pieris marginalis castoria ; [BOC, 138]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

P. m. hulda Edwards, 1869

Alaska Pieris hulda Edwards, 1869; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 2 : 370, TL: Kodiak
Pontia napi hulda ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Artogeia napi hulda ; [NACL, #4195b]
Pieris marginalis hulda ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 178

P. m. pseudobryoniae (Fruhstorfer, 1909)

Alaska Pieris napi pseudobryoniae Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (16): 88
Pieris napi var. frigida f. pseudobryoniae Verity, [1908]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: pl. 32, f. 36

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 178

Pieris marginalis browni Eitschberger, 1984; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 332, TL: Alaska

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 178

arctica Verity, 1911²
napi pseudobryoniae ; Barnes & McDunngough, 1917
Artogeia napi pseudobryoniae ; [NACL, #4195a]
Pieris marginalis pseudobryoniae ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 178

P. m. pseudonapi Barnes & McDunnough, 1916

Rocky Mountains (Colorado) Pieris napi pseudonapi Barnes & McDunnough, 1916; Contr. nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am. 3 (2) : 57, pl. 6, f. 1-3, TL: Silverton, Colorado
Pieris napi macdunnoughii Remington, 1954; Lepid. News 8 (3/4): 75 (repl. Pieris napi pseudonapi Barnes & McDunnough, 1916), TL: Silverton, Colorado

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Pieris marginalis mcdunnoughi gen.aest. postmcdunnoughii Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 309

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Artogeia napi mcdunnoughi[sic, recte macdunoughii] ; [NACL, #4195g]
Pieris marginalis mcdunnoughi[sic, recte macdunoughii] ; [BOC, 138]
Pieris marginalis pseudonapi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

P. m. pallidissima Barnes & McDunnough, 1916

Utah Pieris napi pallidissima Barnes & McDunnough, 1916; Contr. nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am. 3 (2) : 59, pl. 6, f. 4-5, TL: Provo, Utah
Pieris marginalis pallidissima gen.vern. antepallidissima Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 306

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

Artogeia napi pallidissima ; [NACL, #4195h]
Pieris marginalis pallidissima ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

P. m. mogollon Burdick, 1942

New Mexico, Arizona, ... Pieris napi mogollon Burdick, 1942; Can. Ent. 74 (8) : 154, TL: New Mexico
Pieris narina mogollon gen.aest. warreni dos Passos, 1965; J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 73: 136, TL: White Mts., Arizona

= Pieris napi mogollon ; [NL4A, #271b]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

marginalis mogollon gen.aset. postmogollon Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 314

= Pieris napi mogollon ; [NL4A, #271b]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

Pieris marginalis mogollon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Artogeia napi mogollon ; [NACL, #4195i]
Pieris napi mogollon ; [NL4A, #271b]
Pieris marginalis mogollon ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 181

P. m. meckyae Eitschberger, [1984]

Alaska Pieris marginalis meckyae Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 322, TL: Alaska, Little Susitna River, 1100ft, Talkeetna Mts., 8 mil N. of Palmer
Pieris marginalis meckyae ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 178

P. m. guppyi Eitschberger, [1984]

Alaska Pieris marginalis guppyi Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 324, TL: Alaska, Skagway
Pieris marginalis guppyi gen.aest. postguppyi Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 324, TL: Alaska, Skagway

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

Pieris marginalis guppyi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

P. m. tremblayi Eitschberger, [1984]

British Columbia Pieris marginalis tremblayi Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 227, TL: British Columbia, Pink Mtn, 5000ft, Alaska Highway, Mile 147
Pieris marginalis tremblayi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

P. m. reicheli Eitschberger, [1984]

British Columbia Pieris marginalis reicheli Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 301, TL: Revelstoke, British Columbia
Pieris marginalis reicheli gen.aest. postreicheli Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 301

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

Pieris marginalis reicheli, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pieris marginalis reicheli ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 11; [BOC, 138]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

P. m. shapiroi Eitschberger, [1984]

Alaska Pieris marginalis shapiroi Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 330, TL: Yukon Delta Hooper Bay, Kikuktok Mt., 3m
Pieris marginalis shapiroi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 178

P. m. ziegleri Eitschberger, 1991

Montana Pieris marginalis ziegleri Eitschberger, 1991; Atalanta 22 (2-4): 353, TL: Montana, Gallatin Co., Hwy 191 betw. West Yellowstone and Big Sky
Pieris marginalis ziegleri ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 180

P. m. sequoia Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 1998

California Pieris marginalis sequoia Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 1998; in Emmel, Systematics W. North Am. Butts.: 128, TL: California, Humboldt Co., Prairie Creek Redwood State Park, 50m
Pieris marginalis sequoia ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 179

Pieris bryoniae (Hübner, [1790-1793])

CEU, SEEU. See [About maps] Bielinek bryonie
Papilio bryoniae Hübner, [1790-1793]; Schmett. Lep. linn.: 14
?Papilio bryoniae Hübner, [1805-1806]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : 62, TL: near Geneva, Switzerland
?bryoniae (Ochsenheimer, 1808); Schmett. Europa 1 (2): 151
?Pieris napi bryonides Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 333, pl. 52, f. 18-13 (preocc)
?Pieris napi neobryoniae Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1) : 20 (repl. Pieris napi bryonides Verity, 1911)
Pieris flavescens Müller, 1933
Pieris bryoniae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pieris bryoniae, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris bryoniae, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Pontia napi bryoniae ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6 (misid.?)
Pieris bryoniae ; [BRU, 164]; [EBW]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Pieris napi bryoniae ; [MRS, 258]

Larva on Brassicaceae, Thlaspi, Arabis caucasica [BRU]

P. b. bryonides Sheljuzhko, 1910

Tian-Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Altai, Sayan bryoniae bryonides Sheljuzhko, 1910; Rev. russ. ent. 9: 384
bryoniae heptopotamica Krulikovsky, 1904; Rev. russ. ent. 4: 90 (nomen nudum)

488x323 (~43Kb) The middle valley of the Kora River, 18 km NE of the Tekeli City (1600 m above sea level), the North Dzhungarskiy Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), the Taldy-Kurgan Province, Kazakhstan. 14th June, 19934, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. b. schintlmeisteri Eitschberger, 1983

Far East

P. b. kamtschadalis Röber, [1907]

Kamchatka bryoniae kamtschadalis Röber, [1907]; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1 : 49, TL: Kamchatka

P. b. sheljuzhkoi Eitschberger, [1984]

Chukot Peninsula

440x446 (~26Kb) upperside female A coastal meadow on the Cape Ploskii, the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 8th July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. b. caucasica Verity, 1908

Caucasus ?Pieris napi f. caucasica Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 144, pl. 32, f. 21-22

P. b. turcica Eitschberger & Hesselbarth, 1977

Armenian Highland bryoniae turcica Eitschberger & Hesselbarth, 1977; Atalanta 8 (2): 148

P. b. wolfsbergeri Eitschberger, 1984

Italy Pieris bryoniae wolfsbergeri ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 45, f. 12

P. b. marani Moucha, 1956

Pieris bryoniae marani Moucha, 1956; Bull. Soc. ent. Mulhouse: 62
Pieris bryoniae marani ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 45, f. 13

Pieris pseudorapae (Verity, 1908)

SEU, Turkey, Iran. See [About maps] Pieris napi var. pseudorapae Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 144, pl. 32, f. 23-24, pl. 33, f. 1, TL: Beirut, Lebanon
Pieris pseudorapae, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris pseudorapae ; [BRU, 165]

Larva on Alliaria pentiolata [BRU, Danchenko]

P. p. suffusa Sheljuzhko, 1931

Caucasus Minor, Armenian Highland, Talysh, Kopet-Dagh pseudorapae postsuffusa Eitschberger, 1983

P. p. balearica Wojtusiak & Niesolowski, 1946

SEU pseudorapae balearica Wojtusiak & Niesolowski, 1946; Acta Mus. Hist. nat. Acad. polon., Crakow, 6: 45

P. p. mazandarana Eitschberger, 1986

Pieris persis (Verity, 1922)

Iran, Kopet-Dagh. See [About maps] Pieris napi r. persis Verity, 1922; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 34 : 140, TL: Husseinabad, Iran
higginsi Warren, 1961
Pieris persis, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Pieris persis, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris persis ; [BRU, 165]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 45, f. 10

Pieris bowdeni Eitschberger, 1984

Iran, Turkey, S.Transcaucasia, Kopet-Dagh. See [About maps] Pieris bowdeni Eitschberger, 1984; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 218, pl. 441, f. 31-32, TL: Türkei/Agri, Asagi Kent, 2200-2400m
Pieris bowdeni, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris bowdeni ; [BRU, 165]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 1

Pieris narina Verity, 1908

Tian-Shan. See [About maps] Pieris napi var. bryoniae r. narina Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 145, pl. 32, f. 28-29, pl. 33, f. 2, TL: Naryn [Inner Tian-Shan]
Pieris narina, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris narina ; [BRU, 165]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 2

Pieris euorientis (Verity, 1908)

Altai Mts. - C.Yakutia. See [About maps] euorientis (Verity, 1908); Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 147, pl. 32, f. 44, TL: Sajan Mts., Russia
vitimesis (Verity, 1911); Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 332
Pieris euorientis, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris euorientis ; [BRU, 166]

Pieris dulcinea (Butler, 1882)

NE.China, Amur, Ussuri, Far East. See [About maps] Ganoris dulcinea Butler, 1882; Ann. mag. nat. Hist. (5) 9 (49) : 18, TL: Posiette Bay, Ussuri
Pieris dulcinea, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris dulcinea ; [BRU, 166]

Larva on Arabis sagittata, Cardamine leucanthe [BRU, Kurentzov, 1970, Danchenko & Nikolaevsky]

P. d. dulcinea

Amur, Ussuri, Far East dulcinea sichotensis Kurentzov, 1941
dulcinea sulphurea Sheljuzhko, 1961
Pieris dulcinea dulcinea ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 7 (?)

P. d. saghalensis Nakahara, 1926

Sakhalin

P. d. tomariana Matsumura, 1928

Kuriles Pieris melete tomariana Matsumura, 1928; Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4) : 197, TL: Kuriles
dulcinea kurilica Bryk, 1942

Pieris melete Ménétriés, 1857

N.India, Kashmir, Manchuria, China, Korea, Amur, Ussuri, Japan. See [About maps] Pieris melete Ménétriés, 1857; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 113, pl. 10, f. 1-2, TL: Japan
Pieris aglaope Motschulsky, 1860; Etud. Ent. 9: 28

= ; [NHM]

Synchloë megamera Butler, 1873; Cist. Ent. 1 (7) : 173, TL: Hakodati

= ; [NHM]

?Pieris melete ab. feminalis Sheljuzhko, 1929; Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 19 : 347, TL: Kagoshima (Kiu-Shiu), Japan
Pieris melete montana Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 141, pl. 31, f. 20-21
Pieris melete, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris melete ; [EBW]; [MRS, 259]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 9
Artogeia melete ; [BOR, 148]

Larva on Arabis sagittata, A. glauca, Cardamine leucanthe, Sisymbrium officinale [BRU, Kurentzov, 1970, Danchenko], Cardamine scutata, Arabis hirsuta, Sisymbrium luteum, Rorippa indica [MRS]

P. m. orientis Oberthür, 1880

Ussuri Pieris napi var. orientis Oberthür, 1880; Étud. d'Ent. 5 : 13
melete transiens Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 138, pl. 31, f. 11-12
melete amuri Sheljuzhko, 1960; Z. wien. ent. Ges. 45: 47

642x491 (~32Kb) female A dragonfly station, Gurye County, Jeonnam Province, S Korea, 28th July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Pieris nesis Fruhstorfer, 1909

Japan, Sakhalin. See [About maps] Pieris nesis Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (16): 88, TL: Sapporo, Japan
Pieris nesis, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris nesis ; [BRU, 167]; [BRU2: 215, pl. 83, f. 1-3]
napi nesis ;

Pieris canidia (Linnaeus, 1768)

NW.India, Himalayas, Assam (hills), Burma, Nilgiris, Palnis, Travancore (hills), Cochin, Tibet, W.China, Riu Kiu. See [About maps] Indian Cabbage White
Papilio canidia Linnaeus, 1768; in Sparrman, Amoenit. acad., 7 (150): 504n, TL: S.China
Papilio gliciria Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 115, pl. 171, f. E, F

= ; [NHM]

Pieris canidia, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris canidia ; [BOW: pl. 161, f. 5]; [BRU, 167]; [MRS, 258]

P. c. canidia

NW.India - N.Burma, SW.China, Hainan, Taiwan Pieris glaphyra Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 160
Synchloe claripennis Butler, 1877; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 19 (109) : 96, TL: Shanghai
ab. aestiva Rühl, [1893]; Palaearktischen Grosschmetterlinge: 125
Pieris canidia ab. marginalis Avinoff, 1910; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 39 : 247, pl. 14, f. 2, TL: Ferghana
f. nerissoides Mell, 1943; Zoologica Stuttgart, 36 (100): 104, TL: S.China
f. reducta Mell, 1943; Zoologica Stuttgart, 36 (100): 104, TL: S.China
Artogeia canidia canidia ; [BOR, 148]
Pieris canidia canidia ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28, pl. 45, f. 7-8

Larva on Cardamine flexuosa, C. scutata, Lepidium virginicum, Raphanus acanthiformis, Brassica alboglabra, Cleome gynandra, C. spinosa, Alstonia scholaris, Arabis hirsuta, A. stelleri, Rorippa indica [MRS]

P. c. malayica Martin, 1909

?Hongkong, Singapore Pieris melete f. malayica Martin, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (36) : 161
Artogeia canidia malayica ; [BOR, 148]
Pieris (Artogeia) canidia malayica ; [BMP: 86, pl. 8, f. 2]

P. c. palaearctica (Staudinger, 1886)

Middle Asia

P. c. juba Fruhstorfer, 1910

Japan Pieris canidia juba Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 140

P. c. mars Bang-Haas, 1927

Pieris canidia mars Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 40, pl. 5, f. 21
Pieris canidia mars ; [MRS, 258]

P. c. sordida (Butler, 1877)

Synchloe sordida Butler, 1877; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 19 (109) : 96, TL: Shanghai
Pieris canidia sordida ; [MRS, 258]

P. c. indica Evans, 1926

Chitral, Yunnan Pieris canidia indica Evans, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31 (3): 712, TL: Chitral, NW.Himalayas
Pieris canidia indica ; Huang, 2001
Artogeiga canidia indica ; [Torben B. Larsen]

Pieris extensa Poujade, 1888

China. See [About maps] Pieris erutae var. extensa Poujade, 1888; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 8 : xix
Pieris eurydice Leech, 1891; Entomologist 24 (Suppl.) : 5, TL: Wa-Shan; Chia-Kou-Ho, Huang-Mu-Chang
Pieris euridice[sic, recte eurydice] ; [EBW, 162, f. 9]
Pieris extensa ; [MRS, 259]
Pieris extensa extensa ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 8

Pieris dubernardi Oberthür, 1884

-. See [About maps] Pieris dubernardi Oberthür, 1884; Étud. d'Ent. 9 : 13, pl. 1, f. 6
Pieris dubernardi ; [MRS, 259]

P. d. dubernardi

N.Yunnan, W.Sichuan Pieris dubernardi dubernardi ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 15

P. d. kozlowi Alphéraky, 1897

Nanshan Pieris dubernardi var. kozlowi Alphéraky, 1897; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 9 : 232, pl. 12, f. 1a-c

P. d. chumbiensis (de Nicéville, 1897)

S.Tibet Parapieris chumbiensis de Nicéville, 1897; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66 Pt.II (3) : 563, pl. 1, f. 6

P. d. pomiensis Yoshino, 1998

E.Tibet Pieris dubernardi pomiensis Yoshino, 1998; Neo Lepidoptera 3: 1, f. 1, 5, TL: Pomi, E. Tibet

Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Palearctic, NA, AU. See [About maps] Naurisperhonen Small White Small Cabbage White Cabbage White Rovfjäril Rovefjäril Kleiner Kohlweißling Rübenweißling Petit Blanc Du Chou Blanquita de la Col Bielinek rzepnik
Papilio rapae Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 468, TL: Sweden
?Pieris rapae var. similis Krulikovsky, 1890; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou (n.s.) 4 (2) : 210, pl. 8, f. b
?Pieris rapae ab. praeteria Krulikowsky, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (1): 3, TL: Wiatka; Kasan
Pieris rapae f. atomaria Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (8) : 42, TL: Dalmatia
Pieris rapae, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Pieris rapae rapae, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Pieris rapae rapae, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pieris rapae, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pieris rapae, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Pieris rapae, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Pieris rapae, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Pieris rapae, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Pieris rapae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pieris rapae, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
Pieris rapae, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris rapae, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Artogeia rapae, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Pontia rapae ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pieris rapae ; [BRU, 168]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 5, f. 5]; [BAFR, 86]; [MRS, 257]; [BOC, 140]; [Opler]; [AfrL]; [NL4A, #272]; [Otakar Kudrna]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182
Artogeia rapae ; [NACL, #4197]; [NAB, 360]

500x507 (~28Kb) underside Italy: Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 15.5.1997, Photo © Markku Savela	600x647 (~27Kb) female USA: Wallingford, Seattle, King Co., WA, 4.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	700x983 (~61Kb) female USA: Wallingford, Seattle, King Co., WA, 4.7.2000, Photo © Valentina Anderson
800x635 (~59Kb) underside female USA: Wallingford, Seattle, King Co., WA, 4.7.2000, Photo © Valentina Anderson	550x371 (~42Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	597x400 (~29Kb) underside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
1200x819 (~112Kb) underside male female USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 4.3.2000, Photo © Vitaly Charny	961x1357 (~107Kb) upperside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 12.3.2000, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1400x1050 (~130Kb) female USA: Alabama, 7.6.2003, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1500x975 (~112Kb) underside female USA: Alabama, 24.7.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny	750x1106 (~84Kb) underside Japan: Tokyo, 20.09.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant	721x619 (~57Kb) SPAIN: Teneriffa, 1-5.4.1996, Photo © Valentina Anderson

Larva on Cruciferae, Brassica spp., Brassica napus v. napobrassica, B. oleracea, Barbarea vulgaris, Cardamine pratensis, Arabis alpina, Alyssum saxatile, Hesperis matronalis, Reseda odorata, Tropaeolum majus, Nicotiana tabacum [SPRK], Brassica spp., Reseda spp. [MRS]

Larva on Cleome spp., Armoracia lapathifolia, Brassica oleracea, B. napus, B. rapa, Brassica sp. nigra/juncea, B. spp., Lepidium hyssopifolium, Raphanus sativus, Reseda sp., Tropaeolum sp. K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

P. r. rapae

Pontia metra Stephens, 1827; Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 19

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

Pieris rapae var. immaculata de Selys-Longchamps, 1857; Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge 1 : 5

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

Pieris yreka Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (3) : 238, TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #272a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

Ganoris rapae var. novangliae Scudder, 1872; Can. Ent. 4: 79, TL: New Hampshire

= ; [NL4A, #272a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

Pieris rapae immaculata Cockerell, 1889; Entomologist 22 : 99 (preocc. DeSelys, 1857), TL: Ireland

= ; [NL4A, #272a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

Pieris rapae var. immaculata Skinner & Aaron, 1889; Can. Ent. 21 : 128 (preocc. DeSelys, 1857), TL: ;Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #272a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

aestivus Verity, 1913; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 32 : 177

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

atomaria ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 17
Pontia rapae novangliae ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pontia rapae immaculata ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pieris rapae rapae ; [NL4A, #272a]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28, pl. 45, f. 15, 19; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

P. r. deleta (Strand, 1901)

NEU rapae flavida Petersen, 1902

P. r. mauretanica Verity, 1908

N.Africa Pieris rapae mauretanica Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 155, pl. 33, f. 43-44, TL: Algeria and Tangier
Pieris rapae var. leucotera Stefanelli, 1869; Boll. Soc. ent. ital [1]: 147, TL: Italy
Pontia rapae var. minor Costa, 1836; Fauna Reg. Nap. Lepid.: [32], pl. 3, f. 3-4, TL: Italy

= Pieris rapae rapae ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

Ganoris rapae mauretanica f. temp. barbara Rothschild, 1925; Novit. Zool. 32 : 197, TL: Algeria
Ganoris rapae mauritanica f. gen. vern. leucoteroides Rothschild, 1926; Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 5: 128-129, TL: Rabat (Morocco)
Pieris rapae ab. flavoapicalis Lempke, 1934; Lambillionea 34: 81, TL: Italy [& Algeria]
Pieris rapae minor var. nana Chnéour, 1950; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N. 41: 41, TL: N.Tunisia
Pieris rapae messanensis Zeller, 1847; Isis, Jena 31: 221, TL: Italy
Pieris rapae mauretanica ; [BMAT, 8, pl. 3, f. 1-11]

Larva on Tropaeolum majus, Brassicaceae, Moricandia arvensis, Brassia sp. [BMAT]

P. r. transcaucasica (Stauder, 1925)

Caucasus, Armenian Highland rapae transcaucasica (Stauder, 1925); Ent. Anz.: 4

P. r. meleager Hemming, 1934

Talysh, Kopet-Dagh rapae meleager Hemming, 1934; Stylops 3 : 98 (repl. var. iranica Le Cerf)
rapae iranica Le Cerf, 1913; Ann. Hist. Nat. Délégation en Perse. 2: 25 (preocc.)

P. r. kenteana Rühl, [1893]

Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia, Far East, Kamchatka rapae kenteana Rühl, [1893]; Palaearktischen Grosschmetterlinge: 125
rapae viluiensis Röber, [1907]; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1 : 46

P. r. crucivora Boisduval, 1836

Amur, Ussuri, Sakhalin Pieris crucivora Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 522
Pieris rapae var. orientalis Oberthür, 1880; Étud. d'Ent. 5 : 13
rapae mandschurica Speyer, 1882; Stettin ent. Ztg 43 : 379
rapae wladiwostokensis Kardakov, 1928; Entomol. Mitt. 17 (4): 268, pl. 6, f. 7-8
Pieris rapae orientalis ; [MRS, 257]; Huang, 2001
Pieris rapae crucivora ; [MRS, 257]

Larva on Brassica alboglabra, B. campestris, B. oleracea, Raphanus acanthiformis, Crateva adansonii, Cleome spinosa, Rtopaeolum majus [MRS, (for crucivora)]

P. r. debilis (Alphéraky, 1889)

SEEU, Turan, Tian-Shan, Gissar, Darvaz, Alai, Pamirs rapae debilis (Alphéraky, 1889); in Romanoff, Mém. lép. 5 : 70
rapae eumorpha Fruhstorfer, 1911; Soc. ent. 26 (6) : 23
rapae pulverea Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 335, pl. 67, f. 25
rapae accrescens Stauder, 1924; Mitt. münch. ent. Ges. 14: 61
Pieris rapae eumorpha ; [MRS, 257]

P. r. yunnana Mell, 1943

rapae yunnana Mell, 1943; Zoologica Stuttgart, 36 (100): 104
Pieris rapae yunnaensis[sic?] ; [MRS, 257]

Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851)

SEU, Asia Minor, Morocco, Syria. See [About maps] Southern Small White Blanca Catalana
Pontia mannii Mayer, 1851; Stettin. ent. Ztg. 1851 : 151, TL: Europe
Pieris mannii, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pontia manni ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6 (missid.?)
Pieris manni ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 4, f. 13]
Pieris mannii ; [Otakar Kudrna]

1138x868 (~201Kb) Italy, Ravenna, September 2002, Photo © Maurizio Elia

Larva on Cruciferae, Iberis sempervivum, Sinapis [H&R]

P. m. mannii

Pieris mannii mannii ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28, pl. 45, f. 16

P. m. haroldi Wyatt, 1952

Morocco (Middle Atlas) Pieris mannii haroldi Wyatt, 1952; Z. wien. ent. Ges. 37: 173, pl. 21, f. B5-B6, TL: Taghzeft Pass (Morocco)
Pieris rapae [mannii] rossii Stefanelli, 1900; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 32: 178, TL: Italy
Pieris mannii haroldi ; [BMAT: 8, pl. 3, f. 12-15]

P. m. todaroana Marott, 1882

Pieris mannii todaroana Marott, 1882; Giorn. Sc. Palerm. 14: 51, pl. 3

P. m. alpigena Verity, 1911

Pieris mannii alpigena Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 336

Pieris ergane (Geyer, [1828])

SEU, Asia Minor, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Transcaucasia. See [About maps] Mountain Small White Blanca escasa
Papilio ergane Geyer, [1828]; in Hübner, Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 184, f. 904-907
?Papilio nelo Bergsträsser, [1779]; Nomen. Ins., 2: 47, pl. 32, f. 2

= Belenois charina ; Butler, 1872, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872 (3) : 54
= ; [NHM]

Pontia narcaea Freyer, 1828; Beitr. eur. Schmett. 1: pl. 43, f. 3
Pieris ergane gen. vern. var. stefanellii Verity, [1909]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 153, pl. 33, f. 32-36, pl. 34, f. 1, f. 23, TL: Greece
Pieris ergane, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pieris ergane, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
stefanellii ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 18
Pieris ergane ; [BRU, 167]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 5, f. 1]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Aethionema saxatile [H&R]

P. e. detersa Verity, 1911

Caucasus Minor, Armenian Highland ergane detersa Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 153, 166, pl. 33, f. 26

P. e. elbursina Bytinski-Salz, 1937

Talysh ergane elbursina Bytinski-Salz, 1937; Ent. Rec. 49: 1
ergane alterelbursina Verity, 1937; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 49 (Suppl.) : 8

Pieris krueperi Staudinger, 1860

Balkans, Iran, Baluchistan, Kopet-Dagh, Asia Minor - Middle Asia. See [About maps] Krueper's Small White
Pieris krueperi Staudinger, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (1) : 19, TL: "Graecia"
Pieris krueperi var. vernalis Staudinger, 1870; Horae Soc. ent. ross. 7 (1870) : 34
Pieris krueperi, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pieris krueperi, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pieris krueperi ; [BRU, 167]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 5, f. 2]; [AfrL]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Alyssum montanum [H&R], Alyssum, Aurinia [BRU, Nekrutenko, Heeselbarth & al., 1995]

P. k. krueperi

Pieris krueperi krueperi ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28, pl. 45, f. 14, 18

P. k. devta (de Nicéville, [1884])

Tian-Shan, Ghissar, S.Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Pamirs Mancipium devta de Nicéville, [1884]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 52 Pt.II (2/4) : 82, pl. 9, f. 10 ♂, TL: Ladak

Pieris mahometana Grum-Grshimailo, 1888

NE.Afghanistan, W.Pamirs. See [About maps] Pieris krueperi var. mahometana Grum-Grshimailo, 1888; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4) : 304, TL: Darwaz
Pieris mahometana, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]

Pieris balcana Lorkovic, 1970

SEEU. See [About maps]

Pieris virginiensis Edwards, 1870

-. See [About maps] West Virginia White
Pieris virginiensis Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (1) : 13, TL: [Kanawha River valley, vic. Coalburgh, West Virginia]
Pieris virginiensis virginiensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pieris virginiensis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pontia napi virginiensis ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Artogeia virginiensis ; [NACL, #4196]
Pieris virginiensis ; [EBW]; [Opler]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

925x750 (~178Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 2.4.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny	756x916 (~80Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 9.4.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1609x1069 (~235Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 9.4.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x935 (~102Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 9.4.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny

Larva on Dentaria diphylla [NAB]

P. v. virginiensis

West Virginia Pieris virginiensis virginiensis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

P. v. hyatti Eitschberger, [1984]

Ontario Pieris virginiensis hyatti Eitschberger, [1984]; Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): 358, TL: Ontario, Halton Co., Forest. Campbelville
Pieris virginiensis hyatti ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 14; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 182

Pieris erutae Poujade, 1888

-. See [About maps] Pieris erutae Poujade, 1888; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 8 : xix
Pieris erutae Boisduval, ?MS

P. e. erutae

Yunnan, ...? Pieris erutae erutae ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 6; Huang, 2001

P. e. reissingeri Eitschberger, 1984

Pieris brassicoides Guérin-Méneville, 1849

-. See [About maps] Pieris brassicoides Guérin-Méneville, 1849; Voyage en Abyssinie 6: 365, pl. 9, f. 3-6
Pieris brassicoides ; [EBW]; [AfrL]

P. b. brassicoides

Ethiopia (highlands) Pieris brassicoides brassicoides ; [BAFR, 86]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 28, pl. 45, f. 3; [AfrL]

P. b. marghanita Hemming, 1941

N.Tanzania (Mt. Meru, Ngorongoro Crater) Pieris brassicoides meridionalis Joicey & Talbot, 1922; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (2) : 339 (nom. praeocc), TL: Great Craters, Arusha distr., Tangnyika
Pieris brassicoides marghanita ; [BAFR, 86 (text)]; [AfrL]

5.2.2013 (33)

References:

[ALBERTA]

University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum; Browse Entomology Collection

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[AfrL]

Mark C. Williams; Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea; Compiled by Mark C. Williams, 7th ed. (2008) (April 2007); Afrototropical Butterflies; e-mail: Mark C. Williams

[BAFR]

D'Abrera, 1980; Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region

[BAMONA]

Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BIR]

Wynter-Blyth, 1957; Butterflies of the Indian Region; (1982 Reprint)

[BMAT]

Tennent, 1996; The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; ISBN 0 906802 05 9

[BMP]

Eliot (Ed.), Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992; The Butterflies of The Malay Peninsula; 4th edition; ISBN 983-9681-05-2

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOC]

Robert Michael Pyle, 2002; The Butterflies of Cascadia

[BOR]

D'Abrera, 1982, 1985, 1986; Butterflies of the Oriental Region, Part I-III

[BOW]

Lewis, 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[BRU]

Tuzov, Bogdanov, Devyatkin, Kaabak, Korolev, Murzin, Samodurov, Tarasov, 1997; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae; Volume 1

[BRU2]

Tuzov (ed.), Bogdanov, Churkin, Devyatkin, Dantchenko, Murzin, Samodurov, Zhdanko, 2000; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae; Volume 2

[Bruce Walsh]

Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizona

[D. Smirnov]

Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov

[Don Herbison-Evans]

and Stella A. Crossley; Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[ESP]

Heppner, 1981; The dates of E. J. C. Esper's Die Schmetterlinge in Abblidungen... 1776-[1830]; Archives of Natural History (1981) 10 (2): 251-254

[Erich Mangl]

http://www.mangl.at

[H&R]

Higgins, L.G, Riley, N.D, 1970; A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[Harri Arkkio]

Finland; For the time being these pictures are only for this site. Other usage not allowed.

[Heiner Ziegler]

Switzerland / Schweiz; www.pieris.ch

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[Ilya Osipov]

The insects from former USSR for collectors Web site; e-mail: Ilya Osipov; http://www.osipov.org/insects/

[Jean Delacre]

http://homepage.mac.com/jdelacre

[Karl Hofsäß]

Karl Hofsaess; e-mail: Karl Hofsäß

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[MBE]

Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[Mario Maier]

Europäische Schmetterlinge; e-mail: Mario Maier

[Maurizio Elia]

Ravenna, Italy; e-mail: Maurizio Elia

[Michael Borsch]

Geesthacht, Germany; contact through; e-mail: Francisco Welter-Schultes

[Michel Tarrier]

Michel R. Tarrier; Malaga, Spain; http://www.tarrier.org

[NAB]

Pyle, 1981; Field Guide to North American Butterflies, National Audubon Society; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NHM]

Natural History Museum; The Global Lepidoptera Names Index

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[NORLEP]

Norges Sommerfugler

[Oleg Kosterin]

Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

[Peter Payzant]

Canada; http://www.pbase.com/ppayzant/profile

[SPRK]

Seppänen, E. J, 1970; Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit, Animalia Fennica 14

[SVF]

Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)

[SZMN]

Lepidoptera; Siberian Zoological Museum

[Simon Coombes]

1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk

[Toon Verbruggen]

Toon Verbruggen

[Vitaly Charny]

Birmingham, Alabama, USA

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

[Yutaka Inayoshi]

A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM

[²]

This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

Abadjiev, 2002

Types of Balkan butterflies in the collection of The Natural History Museum, London Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 3-53

Alphéraky, 1889

Lépidoptères rapportés du Thibet par le Général N. M. Przewalsky de son voyage de 1884-1885 in Romanoff, Mém. lép. 5 : 59-89, pl. 4

Alphéraky, 1897

Sur quelques Lépidoptéres rapportés de l'Asie, en 1893-1895, par l'expédition de Mrs Roborowsky et Kozlov in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 9 : 229-237, pl. 12

Avinoff, 1910

[New forms of Rhopalocera from Fergana] (in Russian) Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 39 : 247-250, pl. 14

Bang-Haas, 1927

Horae Macrolepidopterologicae Regionis Palaearcticae Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 128pp, 11pls

Barnes & McDunnough, 1916

Notes on North American diurnal Lepidoptera Contr. nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am. 3 (2) : 49-152, pl. 4-11

Bergsträsser, [1779]

Nomenclatur und Beschreibung der Insecten in der Graftschaft Hanau-Münzenburg Nomen. Ins., 2: 79pp, pl. 15-48

Boisduval, 1869

Lépidoptères de la Californie Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 5-28,37-94

Boisduval, 1836

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres. Tome Premier Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 1-690, pl. 1-24

Butler, 1872

A synonymic List of the Species formerly included in the Genus Pieris; with all others described since Subdivision of the Group by recent Authors Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872 (3) : 26-67

Butler, 1873

Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Cist. Ent. 1 (7) : 151-177

Butler, 1877

On Rhopalocera from Japan and Shanghai, with Descriptions of new Species Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 19 (109) : 91-97

Butler, 1882

On Lepidoptera collected in Japan and the Corea by Mr. W. Wykeham Perry Ann. mag. nat. Hist. (5) 9 (49) : 13-20

Butler, 1886

Description of a hitherto unnamed Butterfly from Madeira Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 17 (101) : 430

Le Cerf, 1913

Contribution à la faune Lépidoptérologique de la Perse Ann. Hist. Nat. Délégation en Perse. 2: -

Cockerell, 1889

On the variation of insects Entomologist 22 : 1-6, 26-29, 54-56, 98-100, 125-130, 147-149, 176-178, 198-202, 226-229, 243-245

Cramer, [1777]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)

Dalman, 1816

Försök till systematiks Uppställing af Sveriges Fjärilar K. VetenskAcad. Handl. 1816 (1): 48-101, (2): 199-225

de Nicéville, [1884]

On new and little known Rhopalocera from the Indian Region J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 52 Pt.II (2/4) : 65-91, pl. 1, 9-10

de Nicéville, 1897

On new or little-known Butterflies from the Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66 Pt.II (3) : 543-577, pl. 1-4

dos Passos, 1965

Review of the Nearctic species of Pieris "napi" as classified by androconial scales and description of a new seasonal form J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 73: 135-137

Doubleday, [1845]

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous insects in The Collection of the British Museum List. lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1 : 1-150

K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991

Review of Australian Butterflies: distribution, life history and taxonomy. Pushlished by authors, Melbourne Review Austr. Butts. (1-4):

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723

Edwards, 1869

Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera found within the United States Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 2 : 369-376

Edwards, 1870

Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera found within the United States Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (1) : 10-22

Edwards, 1881

On Pieris bryoniae Ochsenheimer, and its derivative forms in Europe and America Papilio 1 (6) : 83-99

Eitschberger, [1984]

Systematische Untersuchungen am Pieris napi-bryoniae-Komplex (s.l.) Herbipoliana 1 (1-2): (1) i-xxii, 1-504, (2) 1-601

Eitschberger, 2001

Eine neue Unterart von Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758) vom Polar Ural Atalanta 32 (1/2): 85-88

Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 1998

New subspecies of Pieridae (Lepidoptera) from California, Nevada and Baja California in Emmel, Systematics W. North Am. Butts.: 127-138

Esper, [1804]

Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I. Die Tagschmetterlinge. Supplement Theil 1. Abschnitt 1 Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (1-2): 1-8, pl. 94 (1789), (3-4): 9-60, pl. 95-101 (1789), (5-6): 61-68, pl. 102-106 (1794), ([7]): [69-88], pl. [107-109] (1798), (8-9): 89-104, pl. 110-112 (1800), (10): 105-120, pl. 113-116 ([1803-1804])

Freyer, 1828

Beiträge zur Geschichte europäischer Schmetterlinge mit Abbildungen nach der Natur Beitr. eur. Schmett. 1: 164pp, pl. 1-48

Fruhstorfer, 1909

Neues über Pieris manni [sic] Ent. Zs. 23 (8) : 41-42 (22 May)

Fruhstorfer, 1909

Neue palaearktische Pieriden Int. ent. Zs. 3 (16): 88 (17 July)

Fruhstorfer, 1910

2. Familie: Pieridae, Weisslinge in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 119-120 (1909), : 121-144 (14 January, 1910), : 145-152 (11 February, 1910), : 153-168 (2 April, 1910), : 169-176 (4 April, 1910), : 177-190 (20 May, 1910)

Fruhstorfer, 1911

Neue palaearktische Rhopaloceren Soc. ent. 26 (6) : 23-24 (17 June)

Godart, 1819

in Latreille & Godart, Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire naturelle Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustacés, des arachnides et des insectes Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 3-328 (1819), (2): 329-828 ([1824])

Godman & Salvin, [1889]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Gray, 1846

Descriptions and Figures of some new Lepidopterous Insects chiefly from Nepal Descr. lep. Ins. Nepal : 1-16, pl. 1-14

Grote, 1873

On the Butterflies of Anticosti Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1 : 185

Grum-Grshimailo, 1888

Novae species et varietates Rhopalocerum e Pamir Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4) : 303-307

Gunder, 1925

Several New Aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) Ent. News 36 (7) : 193-200, pl. 5

Hemming, 1934

Some notes in the nomenclature of Palaearctic and African Rhopalocera Stylops 3 : 97-99

Hemming, 1967

Generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Bull. Br. Mus. (Ent.) Suppl. 9 : 5-509

Hensle, 2001

Zur Frage der subspezifischen Zuordnung von "Pieris bryoniae lappona" Rangnow, 1935 Atalanta 32 (1/2): 89-95

Heyne, [1895]

Satyridae, Lycaenidae in Rühl, Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte 1 (Tagfalter): 385-857

Hübner, [1790-1793]

Der Schmetterlinge Lepidoptera Linnei, Europäisches Heer, [1790-1793] Schmett. Lep. linn.: [1-3], 4-16

Hübner, [1806]

Tentamen determinationis digestionis alque denominationis singlarum stripium Lepidopterorum, peritisad inspiciendum et dijudicandum communicatum, a Jacob Hübner Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: -

Geyer in Hübner, [1828]; Hübner, [1805-1806]

Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. I. Papiliones - Falter ("Erste Band") Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : 3-74, : pl. 1-88, f. 1-446 (1799-1800), : pl. 89-96, f. 447-490 (1800-1803), : pl. 97-114, f. 491-588 (1803-1804), : pl. 115-119, f. 589-612 (1805), : pl. 120-124, f. 613-636 (1805-1806), : pl. 125-128, f. 637-652 (1806-1808), : pl. 129-144, f. 653-727 (1808-1813), : pl. 145-147, f. 728-741 (1814-1816), : pl. 148-150, f. 742-756 (1816-1817), : pl. 151, f. 757-762 (1818-1819), : pl. 152-154, f. 757-774 (1819-1822), : pl. 155, f. 775-778 (1822-1823), : pl. 156-161, f. 779-806 (1823), : pl. 162-175, f. 807-874 (1823-1824), : pl. 176, f. 869-874 (1824-1825), : pl. 177-181, f. 875-895 (1825-1826), : pl. 182-187, f. 896-981 (1827-1828), : pl. 188-195, f. 922-968 (1828-1832), : pl. 196, f. 969-974 (1832-1833), : pl. 197-201, f. 975-997 (1834-1836), : pl. 202-203, f. 998-1009 (1836-1838), : pl. 204-207, f. 1010-1029 (1837-1838)

Hübner, [1823]

Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, Vol. 2 ([1819] - [1827]) Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [90], [180], [223] (1819), : pl. [2], [12], [16], [78], [141], [182] (1820), : pl. [11], [13], [24], [77], [83], [97], [102-103], [108-109], [116-117], [122], [147], [150], [164], [183], [195], [197], [212-214] (1821), : pl. [14], [18-19], [26], [38-39], [43], [68], [70-71], [74], [84], [86], [92], [94-95], [106], [114], [121], [161], [169], [174], [177-178], [184], [194], [200], [204-205], [207-208], [210] (1821), : pl. [33], [72], [76], [115], [131], [138-139], [153], [198], [211], [218], [220] (1822), : pl. [32], [75], [81], [93], [105], [129] (1822), : pl. [1], [6], [22-23], [25], [27], [29-31], [34-37], [40-42], [48], [50-53], [56], [58-59], [64-66], [69], [73], [87], [89], [91], [96], [98-101], [110], [124], [128], [130], [132-137], [142], [155-158], [160], [162-163], [165-167], [170-173], [175-176], [187-188], [196], [199], [201-202], [206], [215-216], [219], [222], [224] (1823), : pl. [54], [118], [143], [149], [159] [179], [181], [185], [203], [217] (1824), : pl. [3-5], [8-10], [15], [20], [45], [49], [55], [60], [62-63], [67], [79-80], [88], [104], [111-113], [120], [125], [127], [140], [144-146], [148], [151-152], [154], [168], [189-193], [221], [225] (1825), : pl. [7], [17], [21], [28], [44], [46-47], [57], [61], [82], [123], [126] (1826), : pl. [85], [119], [186], [209] (1827), : (Index Systematicus) [1-4] (1827-1832)

Hübner, 1822

Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichniss aller bisher bey den Fürbildungen zur Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge angegebenen Gattungsbenennungen; mit Vormerkung auch augsburgischer Gattungen, von Jacob Hübner Syst.-alph. Verz.: [I-III], IV-VI, [1]-2-81

Ikeda, 1937

On a new subspecies of Pieris cisseis Leech from Formosa Zephyrus 7 (1) : 37-40

Joicey & Talbot, 1922

New Forms of Butterflies from Africa Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (2) : 339-342

Kardakov, 1928

Zur Kenntnis der Lepidopteren des Ussuri-Gebietes Entomol. Mitt. 17 (4): 261-273

Kirby, 1837

Fauna Boreali-Americana or the Zoology of the northern parts of British America in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 325pp, 8pls

Krulikovsky, 1890

[russian: ? "experimental catalog of lepidoptera of Kazakh province"] Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou (n.s.) 4 (2) : 200-251, pl. 8

Krulikowsky, 1908

Einige neue Varietäten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des östlichen Russlands Soc. Ent. 23 (1): 2-3, (2): 11-12, (3): 18

Leech, 1890

New species of Lepidoptera from China Entomologist 23 : 26-50, 81-83, : 109-114, : 187-192, pl. 1

Leech, 1891

New Species of Lepidoptera from China Entomologist 24 (Suppl.) : 1-6

Leech, 1891

New Species of Rhopalocera from Western China Entomologist 24 (Suppl.) : 57-61, 66-68

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824

Linnaeus, 1768

Sparrman (Thesis), Iter Chinense in Sparrman, Amoenit. acad., 7 (150): 497-506

Martin, 1909

Eine paläarkt. Pieride unter dem Aequator Ent. Zs. 23 (36) : 161

Matsumura, 1928

New Butterflies especially from the Kuriles Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4) : 191-201

Mayer, 1851

Pont. Mannii n. sp. Stettin. ent. Ztg. 1851 : 151

Ménétriés, 1857

Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei Imperialis Academiae Scientiarum Petropilitanae. Classis Insectorum, Ordo Lepidopterorum Cat. lep. Petersb. 1: 1-66, pl. 1-6, (supplement) 67-112 (1855), 2: 67-97,99-144, pl. 7-14 (1857), 3: 145-161, pl. 15-18 (1863)

Moore, 1865

List of diurnal Lepidoptera collected by Capt. A.M. Lang in the N. W. Himalayas Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 486-509, pl. 30-31

Moore, 1884

Descriptions of some new Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera; chiefly from specimens contained in the Indian Museum, Calcutta J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 53 Pt.II (1) : 16-52

Motschulsky, 1860

Insectes du Japon Etud. Ent. 9: 4-39

Oberthür, 1876

Espèces nouvelles de Lépidopterès recueillis en Chine par M. l'abbé A. David / Lépidoptères nouveaux de la Chine Étud. d'Ent. 2 : 13-34, pl. 1-4

Oberthür, 1880

Faune des Lépidoptères de l'ile Askold. Premiere Partie Étud. d'Ent. 5 : 1-88, pl. 1-9

Oberthür, 1884

Lépidoptères du Thibet Étud. d'Ent. 9 : 7-22, pl. 1-2

Ochsenheimer, 1808

Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Erster Band, Zweyte Abtheilung Schmett. Europa 1 (2): 240pp

Pelham, 2008

A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada J. Res. Lepid. 40: 1-652

Poujade, 1888

[Piéride et de Noctuélide] Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 8 : xix-xx,[19-20]

Reakirt, 1866

Descriptions of some new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (3) : 238-249

Reuter, 1893

Förteckning öfver Macrolepidoptera fauna i Finland Acta Soc. F. F. Fenn. 9 (6): 85pp

Rothschild, 1917

Supplemental notes to Mr. Charles Oberthür's Faune des Lépidoptères de la Barbarie, with lists of the specimens contained in the Tring Museum Novit. Zool. 24 (1): 61-120, : 325-373, : 393-409

Rothschild, 1925

Critical List of the collection of Algerian Lepidoptera of the late Captain N. J. E. Holl. Novit. Zool. 32 : 195-229

Röber, 1896

Neue Schmetterlinge aus dem cilicischen Taurus Ent. Nachr. 22 (6) : 81-84

Schrank, 1801

Fauna Boica, Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. 2 (1) Fauna Boica 2 (1): -

Schöyen, 1885

Bemærkninger om enkelte variationer af vore Rhopalocera Ent. Tidskr. 6 : 139-144

Scudder, 1861

Notice of some North American species of Pieris Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8 : 178-186

de Selys-Longchamps, 1857

Catalogue des insected lepidoptères de la Belgique Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge 1 : 1-111

Sheljuzhko, 1913

Lepidopterologische Notizen Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1) : 13-22

Sheljuzhko, 1929

Einige neue palaearktische Lepidopteren-Formen Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 19 : 347-362, pl. 27-28

Shirôzu, 1953

New or little know butterflies from the North-Eastern Asia, with some synonymic notes. (1) & (2) Sieboldia 1 (1952) : 11-37, 11pls, : 149-159

Skinner & Aaron, 1889

A list of the butterflies of Philadelphia, PA. Can. Ent. 21 : 126-131

Stauder, 1924

Neue Palaearktenformen. II Mitt. münch. ent. Ges. 14: 59-66

Staudinger, 1860

Pieris krueperi, Ein neuer europäischer Tagfalter Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (1) : 19-20

Staudinger, 1870

Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Griechenlands Horae Soc. ent. ross. 7 (1870) : 3-304, pl. 1-3

Staudinger, 1886

Centralasiatische Lepidopteren Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 193-215, (7-9): 225-256

Staudinger in Staudinger & Rebel, 1901

Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearktischen Faunengebiets. I. Famil. Papilionidae - Hepialidae Cat. Lep. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1: 411pp

Stephens, 1827

Illustrations of British Entomology; or, a synopsis of indigenous insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions; with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, and economy, as far as practicable Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 1-56, pl. 1-9 (1827), (2): 57-150, pl. 10-12 (1828)

Verity, 1908; Verity, [1909]; Verity, 1911

Rhopalocera Palaearctica Iconographie et Description des Papillons diurnes de la région paléarctique. Papilionidae et Pieridae Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 86+368pp, 2+12+72pls

Verity, 1913

Revision of the Linnean Types of Palaearctic Rhopalocera J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 32 : 173-191

Verity, 1922

Seasonal polymorphism and races of some European Grypocera and Rhopalocera Ent. Rec. J. Var. 34 : 12-15, 68-73, 89-93, 124-142

Verity, 1937

Variation of some butterflies in anterior Asia and in Morocco Ent. Rec. J. Var. 49 (Suppl.) : 1-8,?

Wagner, 1903

Zur Kenntnis einiger Formen von Pieris Napi L. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 53 : 174-178, pl. 1

Winhard, 2000

Pieridae I Butterflies of the world, 10: (1) 40pp, (2) 48pls

Wojtusiak & Niesolowski, 1946

Lepidoptera of the Central Caucasus, collected during the Polish Alpine Expedition in 1935, with ecological and zoogeographical remarks. I Part. Macrolepidoptera Acta Mus. Hist. nat. Acad. polon., Crakow, 6: 1-74

Yoshino, 1998

New Butterflies from China 4 Neo Lepidoptera 3: 1-7

Zeller, 1847

Bemerkungen über die auf einer Reise Nach Italien und Sicilien Beobachteten Schmetterlingsarten Isis von Oken 1847 (2): 121-159, (3): 213-233, (4): 284-308, (6): 401-457, (7): 482-522, (8): 561-594, (9): 641-673, (10): 721-771, (11): 801-859, (12): 881-914

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Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.