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Parnassius Latreille, 1804

Parnassius Latreille, 1804; Nouv. Dict. Hist. nat. 24 (6): 185, 199, TS: Papilio apollo Linnaeus
Doritis Fabricius, 1807; Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 283, TS: Papilio apollo Linnaeus
Parnassis Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 90 (or missp. or emend.?), TS: Papilio apollo Linnaeus
Therius Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 75, TS: Papilio apollo Linnaeus
Tadumia Moore, [1902]; Lepidoptera Indica, 5 (53): 116, TS: Papilio acco Gray
Kailasius Moore, [1902]; Lepidoptera Indica, 5 (53): 118, TS: Parnassius charltonius Gray
Koramius Moore, [1902]; Lepidoptera Indica, 5 (53): 120, TS: Parnassius delphius Eversmann
Lingamius Bryk, 1935; Das Tierreich 65: 538-540, TS: Parnassius hardwickii Gray
Eukoramius Bryk, 1935; Das Tierreich 65: 630, 673-674, TS: Parnassius imperator Oberthür
Parnassius, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Parnassius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758)

EU, Tien-Shan, Siberia - Yakutia, N.Urals - Transcaucasia, Asia Minor, Middle East, Mongolia. See [About maps] Apollo Apollo Apollofjäril Apollo l'Apollon Apolo Niepylak apollo
Papilio apollo Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 465, TL: Sweden
Parnassius apollo, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius apollo, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Parnassius apollo, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Parnassius apollo, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Parnassius apollo, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Parnassius apollo, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius apollo, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Parnassius apollo, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Parnassius apollo ; [BRU, 144]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 6]; [MRS, 198]; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x320 (~63Kb) upperside Mt. Canigou, Pyrenees Orientales, France 27/7/96, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x345 (~20Kb) upperside Sweden, Gotland, Hejnum, 23.7.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	500x435 (~27Kb) underside Sweden, Gotland, Hejnum, 23.7.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen
600x360 (~53Kb) larva Finland, Parainen 669:23, 25.06.1985, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	640x480 (~88Kb) larva Sweden, Småland, ex. ovo, Photo 2000 © Hans Degler	640x480 (~88Kb) pupa Sweden, Småland, ex. ovo, Photo 2000 © Hans Degler
598x400 (~81Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	598x400 (~58Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch

Larva on Sedum telephium, S. album, S. rupestre, S. rosea [SPRK], Hylotelephium caucasicum, Sempervivum [BRU]

P. a. finmarchicus Rothschild, 1906

N.Europe (Karelia)

P. a. democratus Kulikowsky, 1906

C.Europe

P. a. rosenius Fruhstorfer, 1923

Carpathians

P. a. graecus Ziegler, 1901

Bulgaria?

P. a. limicola Stichel, 1906

Urals

P. a. alpherakyi Krulikowsky, 1906

Altai Parnassius apollo alpherakyi, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]

P. a. merzbacheri Fruhstorfer, 1906

N.Tian Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau

533x400 (~66Kb) upperside male A meadowy southern slope of the Tyshkan River valley, altitude of 2400 m, 38 km NEN of Zharkent, 13 km NEN of Sarybel', massif Tyshkantau, the Southern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Zharkent District, Taldy-Kurgan region, SE Kazakhstan. 24th of July 1994, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

755x483 (~51Kb) upperside male A meadowy southern slope of the Tyshkan River valley, altitude of 2400 m, 38 km NEN of Zharkent, 13 km NEN of Sarybel', massif Tyshkantau, the Southern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Zharkent District, Taldy-Kurgan region, SE Kazakhstan. 24th of July 1994, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

732x476 (~41Kb) male A meadowy southern slope of the Tyshkan River valley, altitude of 2400 m, 38 km NEN of Zharkent, 13 km NEN of Sarybel', massif Tyshkantau, the Southern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Zharkent District, Taldy-Kurgan region, SE Kazakhstan. 24th of July 1994 (in spider web), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. a. meinhardi Sheljuzhko, 1924

N.Kazakhstan, W.Siberia

P. a. sibiricus Nordmann, 1851

E.Siberia

533x400 (~62Kb) larva A rocky south-exposed slope of the right board of the Berd' River valley 13 km SE of the village Novososedovo (on the elevation of Salairskii Kryazh), Iskitim District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. 10th May 1996 (A mature instar larva), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. a. hesebolus Nordmann, 1851

Transbaikalia, Yakutia Parnassius apollo hesebolus, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]

P. a. suaneticus Arnold, 1909

Caucasus Major

P. a. kashtsehenko Sheljuzhko, 1908

Caucasus Minor, Armenia

P. a. leovigildus Fruhstorfer, 1909

Parnassius apollo leovigildus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161

640x480 (~93Kb) larva France, Montage de Lure, ex. ovo (2nd gen.), Photo 2000 © Hans Degler

P. a. provincialis Kheil, 1905

640x480 (~82Kb) larva France, Mont Lachens, ex. ovo, Photo 2000 © Hans Degler

P. a. rhea (Poda, 1761)

P. a. jelicus Fruhstorfer, 1921

Parnassius apollo jelicus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 87, TL: Serbien, Jelicapass
jelicus ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 14

P. a. graecus Ziegler, 1901

Parnassius apollo graecus Ziegler, 1901; Berliner Ent. Zeitschrift 46 (1): (11)
Parnassius apollo omotimoius Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 88, TL: Vitosch near Sofia, Bulgaria

= ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 14

Parnassius apollo yglanus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 88, TL: Rila Planina, 1400m, Bulgaria

= ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 14

Parnassius apollo hermiston Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 89, TL: Balkan, Schipkapass, ca. 1300m, Bulgaria

= ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 15

Parnassius apollo olympiacus Kolar & Rebel, 1934; Int. ent. Z. 28 (29): 368, TL: Kalyvia Vrissula, Olymp., 1300m [Greece]

= ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 15

Parnassius apollo thessalicus O. Bang-Haas, 1934; Ent. Z. Frankf. a. M. 48 (16): 128, TL: Greece, Thessalia, Litochoran, Olymp., 2100-2400m

= ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 15

omotimoius ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 14
yglanus ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 14
hermiston ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 15
olympiacus ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 15
thessalicus ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 15

P. a. ottonius Fruhstorfer, 1909

Parnassius apollo ottonius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161, TL: "österreichischen Küstenlande.. Krain"
Parnassius apollo leimdoerfferi Bryk, 1935; Das Tierreich 65: 450, TL: "Fiume (Cirkvenica)" [Croatia, Rijeka, Crikvenica]

= ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 16

ottonius ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 13
leimdoerfferi ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 16

Parnassius nomion Fischer de Waldheim, 1823

Urals, Altai, S.Siberia - Ussuri, Amur, Mongolia, China, Korea. See [About maps] Parnassius nomion Fischer de Waldheim, 1823; Entom. Imp. ross., 2: 242, TL: "Dauria"
Parnassius nomion, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius nomion ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 2 [for Alaska missid.?]; [BRU, 143]; [MRS, 196]

510x390 (~45Kb) upperside The Koksu River left bank 2 km upstream of its junctin with the Argut River, Central Altai Mountains, West Siberia, Russia. July 1988 (sitting on Spiraea chamaedryfolia), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	800x600 (~105Kb) upperside male Spiraea salicifolia L. bushes on the Onon River right bank floodland just below a high steppen terrace, 5 km upstream of the village Nizhnii Tsasuchei, Onon District, Chita Province, Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia, 16th July 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	533x400 (~42Kb) underside male Spiraea salicifolia L. bushes on the Onon River right bank floodland just below a high steppen terrace, 5 km upstream of the village Nizhnii Tsasuchei, Onon District, Chita Province, Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia, 16th July 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
800x600 (~117Kb) larva A meadow steppe on a moderate elevation Adon-Chelon at the mountain Tsagan-Obo, 10 km NNW of the village Tasyrkhoi, SE Chita Province (Dahuria), Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia, 20th June 1995 (The last instar larva near its foodplant Sedum aizoon L.), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Sedum, Orostachys [BRU]

P. n. nomion

Transbaikalia

P. n. dis Grum-Grshimailo, 1890

E.Sayan Mts

P. n. nominulus Staudinger, 1895

Tuva

P. n. aurora O. Bang-Haas, 1933

Amur

P. n. mandschuriae Oberthür, 1891

Ussuri Parnassius nomion mandschuriae ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. korshunovi Kreuzberg & Pljushch, 1992

Altai, W.Sayan, Urals

P. n. oberthuerianus Bryk

Parnassius nomion oberthuerianus ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. tsinlingensis Bryk & Eisner

Parnassius nomion tsinlingensis ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. shansiensis Eisner

Parnassius nomion shansiensis ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. richthofeni Bang-Haas

Parnassius nomion richthofeni ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. theagenes Fruhstorfer

Parnassius nomion theagenes ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. gabrieli Bryk

Parnassius nomion gabrieli ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. nomius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

Parnassius nomion var. nomius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 445
Parnassius nomion nomius ; [MRS, 196]

P. n. minschani Bryk-Eisner

Parnassius nomion minschani ; [MRS, 196]

Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793)

Alps, Urals, Siberia, Kazakhastan, Mongolia, China, Alaska?, Alberta?. See [About maps] Small Apollo Phoebus Parnassian Alpen-Apollo
Papilio phoebus Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 181, TL: Altai, Ongudai
Papilio delius Esper, [1803]; Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (10): 114, pl. 115, f. 5
Parnassius phoebus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius phoebus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Parnassius phoebus, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Parnassius phoebus, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius phoebus, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Parnassius phoebus ; [BRU, 145]; [NACL, #4155]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 8]; [MRS, 194]; [Opler]; [Otakar Kudrna]

717x456 (~33Kb) female An alpine meadow in the valley of a headwater of the Chikty Rivulet, 2500 m above sea level, the southern principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 15th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

1084x396 (~68Kb) larva A SW slope of a mountain SE of the peak Ilyas and SW of the peak Zhaniktu, which divides sources of the Chikty Rivulet, 3000 m above sea level, the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 15th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Saxifraga aizioides, Sempervivum montanum [H&R]

Larva on Sedum lanceolatum, Sedum obtusatum, Sedum? [NAB]

Larva on Rhodiola rosea, Sedum spp., Saxifraga spp. [BRU]

Larva on Saxifraga spp., Saxifraga aizioides, S. calycina, S. nivalis, Sempervivum montanum, S. tectorum, Sedum stenopetalum, S. telephium, Sedum fabria, S. album, S. debile, S. obtusatum, S. wrightii, S. lanceolatum [MRS]

P. p. confederationis

640x480 (~132Kb) larva ?Schweiz, centralalps, ex. ovo 2001, Photo © Hans Degler

P. p. intermedius Ménétriés, 1851

S.Altai

P. p. fortuna O. Bang-Haas, 1912

Transbaikalia Parnassius phoebus fortuna ; [MRS, 194]

P. p. ochotskensis Bryk & Eisner, 1931

Russian far east (coastal mountains)

533x400 (~73Kb) upperside female A flowery slope of the coastal terrace at the Burgauli River mouth on the south (Ochot Sea) coast of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 17th July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

400x533 (~50Kb) underside male A flowery slope of the coastal terrace on the Cape Alevina - the south-west ending of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 15th July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. p. uralensis Ménétriés, 1859

Polar Urals

P. p. interpositus Herz, 1903

Yakutia

P. p. sedakovi Ménétriés, [1850]

Baikal phoebus sedakovi Ménétriés, [1850]; in Siemaschko
Parnassius phoebus sedakovi, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]

P. p. corybas Fischer von Waldheim, 1824

Kamchatka phoebus kamtchatica Ménétriés, 1859

P. p. f. alpestris Verity, 1911

Altai

P. p. sauricus Lukhtanov, 1999

E.Kasakstan (Saur-Tarbagatai Mts.) Parnassius phoebus sauricus Lukhtanov, 1999; Atalanta 30 (1/4): 136, TL: Kasakstan, Ust-Kemenogorsk, Saur, Kysylkiya, 2900m

P. p. apricatus Stichel, 1906

C.Alaska - W.Yukon Parnassius phoebus apricatus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius phoebus apricatus ; [NACL, #4155i]

P. p. golovinus Holland, 1930

W.Alaska Parnassius phoebus golovinus ; [NACL, #4155j]

P. p. alaskensis Eisner, 1956

alaskaensis Eisner, 1957; (emend.)
Parnassius phoebus alaskensis ; [NACL, #4155k]

ssp. of smintheus?

P. p. elias Bryk, 1934

Parnassius phoebus elias ; [NACL, #4155l]

ssp. of smintheus?

P. p. sayii Edwards, 1863

Parnassius smintheus var. hermodur H. Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (1): 4, TL: S.Colorado
nigerrimus Verity, 1907
mariae Bryk, 1912
quincunx Bryk, 1915, not Bryk, 1914
polus Ehrmann, 1917
montanus Ehrmann, 1918
utahensis Rothschild, 1918
fermatus Bryk, 1921
melanophorus Bryk, 1921
sordellus Fruhstorfer, 1923
aristion Fruhstorfer, 1923
catullius Fruhstorfer, 1923
dakotaensis Bryk & Eisner, 1935
hollandi Bryk & Eisner, 1935
rotgeri Bang-Haas, 1938
reducta Bang-Haas, 1938
discocircumcinctus Eisner, 1955
rubiana Wyatt, 1961
excelsior Eisner, 1969
pholus ; Barner & Benjamin, 1926, (missp.)
hermador ; F. M. Brown, Eff & Rotger, 1956, (missp.)
Parnassius smintheus hermodur ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1
Parnassius phoebus sayii ; [NACL, #4155g]

ssp. of smintheus?

Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, [1847]

Alaska, British Columbia, W.USA. See [About maps] Mountain Parnassian
Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, [1847]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): pl. 4*
Parnassius sedakovii Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 71
rocky Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
nanus Neumann, 1890; Ent. Amer. 6 : 61
minor Verity, 1907; (preocc. Staudinger, 1881)
minusculus Bryk, 1912
quincunx Bryk, 1914
verity Ehrmann, 1918; (repl. name)
ernestinae Bryk & Eisner, 1935
manitobaensis Bryk & Eisner, 1935
Parnassius smintheus, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Parnassius smintheus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius smintheus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Parnassius smintheus nanus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1
Parnassius smintheus sedakovii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1
Parnassius phoebus smintheus ; [NACL, #4155e]
Parnassius smintheus ; [BOC, 112]; [Opler]

900x746 (~117Kb) USA: FR3100, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'55N 120°57'48W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	900x708 (~60Kb) upperside USA: FR3100, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'55N 120°57'48W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	800x892 (~90Kb) underside USA: FR3100, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'55N 120°57'48W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
900x660 (~74Kb) upperside USA: FR3120(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'51N 120°58'36W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	800x541 (~47Kb) upperside USA: FR3120(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'51N 120°58'36W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x772 (~88Kb) underside USA: FR3120(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'51N 120°58'36W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
1000x686 (~97Kb) upperside USA: FR3330(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°04'11N 120°56'09W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	1600x1200 (~354Kb) upperside male Canada, Alberta [not Manitoba], nr. Exshaw, 15.VII.1933 (Parnassius smintheus "manitobaensis"), Photo 2004 © Joseph Belicek NHMW Wien

Larva on Sedum lanceolatum, S. roseum, S. divergens, S. stenopetalum, S. oreganum [BOC]

P. s. smintheus

1947x1497 (~437Kb) upperside female Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo 2005 © Norbert Kondla leg.	1910x1425 (~453Kb) underside female Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo 2005 © Norbert Kondla leg.	1831x1415 (~360Kb) upperside male Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.
1813x1375 (~329Kb) underside male Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.

P. s. sternitzkyi McDunnough, 1936

N.California Parnassius smintheus sternitzkyi McDunnough, 1936; Can. ent. 68: , TL: Castle Lake, Siskiyou Co., California
Parnassius smintheus sternitzkyi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius phoebus sternitzkyi ; [NACL, #4155b]
Parnassius smintheus sternitzkyi ; [BOC]

P. s. magnus Wright, 1905

Washington smintheus magnus Wright, 1905; , TL: Enderby, British Columbia
Parnassius phoebus magnus ; [NACL, #4155c]
Parnassius smintheus magnus ; [BOC, 112]

1816x1500 (~469Kb) upperside female Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla	1800x1500 (~429Kb) underside female Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla	1810x1466 (~349Kb) upperside male Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.
1752x1398 (~324Kb) underside male Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.

P. s. olympiannus Burdick, 1941

Olympic Mountains, Vancouver Is. Parnassius smintheus olympiannus Burdick, 1941; Can. Ent. 73 (7): (117-118), TL: Hurricane Hill, Olympic Peninsula, Clallam Co., Washington
Parnassius phoebus guppyi Wyatt, 1969; Z. wien. ent. Ges. 54: (132-133), TL: Mt. Arrowsmith, Vancouver I., British Columbia
Parnassius phoebus olympianus ; [NACL, #4155d (missp.)]
Parnassius smintheus olympiannus ; [BOC, 112]

Larva on Sedum divergens Guppy, 1998, J. Lep. Soc. 52 (1): 113 (for guppyi in Vancouver I.)

P. s. xanthus Ehrmann, 1918

Washington smintheus xanthus Ehrmann, 1918; , TL: Moscow, Idaho

= ?Parnassius smintheus magnus Wright, 1905;

mendicus Stichel, 1907; (ab.)
pseudocorybas Verity, 1907; (ab.)
idahoensis Bryk & Eisner, 1931; , TL: Wallace, Idaho

= ?Parnassius smintheus magnus Wright, 1905;

montanulus Bryk & Eisner, 1931; , TL: Missoula, Montana

= ?Parnassius smintheus magnus Wright, 1905;

maximus Bryk & Eisner, 1937; , TL: Judith Mtns, Montana
Parnassius phoebus xanthus ; [NACL, #4155f]
Parnassius smintheus xanthus ; [BOC, 112]

P. s. pseudorotgeri Eisner, 1966

Colorado (San Juan Mtns) Parnassius smintheus pseudorotgeri, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius phoebus pseudorotgeri ; [NACL, #4155h]

P. s. yukonensis Eisner, 1969

S.Yukon, British Columbia Parnassius phoebus yukonensis ; [NACL, #4155m]

Parnassius behrii Edwards, 1870

California. See [About maps] Parnassius behrii Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 10
niger W. G. Wright, 1905
astriotes Fruhstorfer, 1923
Parnassius behrii, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius behrii, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius smintheus behrii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1
Parnassius phoebus behrii ; [NACL, #4155a]
Parnassius behrii ; [Opler]

Parnassius actius (Eversmann, 1843)

Tadzhikistan, Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, Sinkiang, Kansu. See [About maps] actius (Eversmann, 1843); Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 16 (3): 540, pl. 9, f. 2a, b, TL: "Altai" [= error?, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Kazakhstan]
Parnassius actius ab. (var.?) actinobolus Staudinger, 1898; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 10 (2) : 347, TL: Korla
Parnassius actius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius actius, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius actius ; [BRU, 146]; [MRS, 194]

471x350 (~64Kb) upperside female Alpine vegetation on the bank of the Kyzylagash River source, about 2800 m altitude, 17 km SE of the village Kopal, the northern slope of the Mynchukur mountain range, the Northern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Kopal District, Taldy-Kurgan Province, SE Kazakhstan. 6th August 1994, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. a. actius Eversmann, 1843

Dzhungarsky Alatau Mts

P. a. minutus Verity, 1911

N.Tian-Shan

P. a. ambrosius Stichel, 1907

Central Tian-Shan

P. a. dubitabilis Verity, 1911

N., W. and Innert Tian-Shan

P. a. flora O. Bang-Haas, 1915

Alai, Ghissar

P. a. brutus O. Bang-Haas, 1915

E.Pamirs

?P. a. pseudobrutus Bryk & Eisner, 1914

Parnassius jacquemonti Boisduval, 1836

Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N.India, Chitral - Kumaon, Tibet, Sinkiang, Kansu, Szechwan. See [About maps] Keeled Apollo
Parnassius jacquemonti Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 400, TL: "...l'Himalaya"
Parnassius jacquemonti, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius jacquemonti ; [BRU, 145]
Parnassius jacquemontii ; [EBW]; [MRS, 194]

Larva on Rhodiola spp. [BRU]

P. j. variabilis Stichel, 1906

Ghissar, Alai, Inner Tian-Shan jacquemonti diana Bryk, 1934

P. j. rubicundus Stichel, 1906

W.Pamirs

P. j. pamirus O. Bang-Haas, 1927

E.Pamirs

P. j. jupiterius Bang-Haas

Parnassius jacquemontii jupiterius ; [MRS, 194]

P. j. mercurius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

Parnassius mercurius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 445
Parnassius jacquemontii mercurius ; [MRS, 194]

P. j. thibetanus Leech

Parnassius jacquemontii thibetanus ; [MRS, 194]

P. j. tatungi Bryk & Eisner

Parnassius jacquemontii tatungi ; [MRS, 194]

Parnassius tianschanicus Oberthür, 1879

Tadzhikitan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan - Kasmir, Sinkiang. See [About maps] Parnassius tianschanicus Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 108, TL: "Kuldja"
Parnassius corybas var. discobolus Alphéraky, 1881; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 16 (3-4): 349
Parnassius tianschanicus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius tianschanicus ; [BRU, 146]; [MRS, 195]

Larva on Rhodiola, Pseudosedum [BRU]

P. t. tianschanicus Oberthür, 1879

Mountains N. of Lake Issyk-Kul

P. t. minor Staudinger, 1881

Dzungarsky Alatau

P. t. alexander Bryk & Eisner, 1935

Kirghizsky Mts, Talassky Mts

P. t. chimganus Kreuzberg, 1989

W.Tian-Shan

P. t. astrictio Ohya, 1987

C.Tian-Shan tianschanicus kaindyensis Kreuzberg, 1989

P. t. thiseus Ehrmann, 1920

Inner Tian-Shan

P. t. insignis Staudinger, 1886

Alaisky Mts

P. t. haberhaueri Bryk & Eisner, 1935

Ghissar

P. t. maureri Bryk & Eisner, 1935

P. t. olympius Staudinger, 1898

Parnassius olympius Staudinger, 1898; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 10 (2) : 344, TL: Kurla

P. t. superbus Austaut, 1889

W.Pamirs

P. t. erebus Verity

Parnassius tianschanicus erebus ; [MRS, 195]

P. t. fujiokai Ohya

Parnassius tianschanicus fujiokai ; [MRS, 195]

P. t. miror Staudinger

Parnassius tianschanicus miror ; [MRS, 195]

P. t. shiva Wyatt, 1961

Afghanistan Parnassius tianschanicus shiva Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 4, TL: Kars Pass, Shiva Mts, N. Badakshan, 11000ft

Parnassius epaphus Oberthür, 1879

Afghanistan - Kashmir, Nepal, Chitral - Sikkim, Tibet - Singkiang, Kansu, Tshingai, Szechwan. See [About maps] Common Red Apollo
Parnassius epaphus Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 23
?Parnassius epaphus huwei Fruhstorfer, 1903; Stettin ent. Ztg 64 (2) : 360, TL: Aksu, Chinese Turkestan
?Parnassius epaphus phariensis Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 360, pl. 54, f. 8-9, TL: Phari-Zong, S. Thibet
?beresowskyi Staudinger²
Parnassius epaphus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius epaphus ; [MRS, 195]

P. e. everesti Riley, 1923

Parnassius epaphus everesti Riley, 1923; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1922 (3-4) : 463, pl. 36, f. 7-8, TL: Mt. Everest

P. e. himalayanus Riley, 1923

Parnassius epaphus himalayanus Riley, 1923; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1922 (3-4) : 463, pl. 36, f. 6, TL: Mt. Everest

P. e. robertsi Epstein, 1979

epaphus robertsi Epstein, 1979; , TL: C.Nepal

P. e. capdevillei Epstein, 1979

epaphus capdevillei Epstein, 1979; , TL: C.Nepal

P. e. tsaiae Huang, 1998

NW.Tibet Parnassius epaphus tsaiae Huang, 1998; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 274, pl. 1, f. 4c, 4d, TL: Maojiali, Main Peak, 4900-5200

P. e. sikkimensis Elwes

Parnassius epaphus sikkimensis ; [MRS, 195]

P. e. poeta Oberthür, 1892

Parnassius epaphus poeta ; Huang, 2001

Parnassius bremeri Bremer, 1864

Lake Baikal - Ussuri, NE.China, Korea. See [About maps] Parnassius bremeri Bremer, 1864; Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. (7) 8 (1) : 6, pl. 1, f. 3, 4, TL: [Delta of Oldoi River ...]
?Parnassius bremeri C. & R. Felder, [1864]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 133, pl. 21, f. 21e-g, TL: Amur
Parnassius bremeri, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius bremeri, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius bremeri ; [BRU, 143]; [MRS, 193]

640x480 (~69Kb) larva Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~58Kb) larva Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~85Kb) larva Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler
640x480 (~76Kb) upperside Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~76Kb) underside Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~58Kb) Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler
640x480 (~69Kb) underside Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler

Larva on Sedum aizoon, Sedum ussuriensis, S. ishida, Orostachys malacophylla [BRU], Sedum spp., Sedum quadrifolium [MRS]

P. b. conjunctus Staudinger, 1901

Ussuri

P. b. graeseri Honrath, 1885

Transbaikalia

P. b. amgunensis Sheljuzhko, 1928

Lower Amur region

P. b. orotschonicus O. Bang-Haas, 1927

Sikhote-Alin (coast) bremeri olgensis Kardakov, 1928

P. b. nipponus Kreuzberg, 1992

Kunashir Island

Parnassius honrathi Staudinger, 1882

Ghissar-Alai, W.Pamirs, Badahshan. See [About maps] Parnassius honrathi Staudinger, 1882; in Staudinger & Bang-Haas, Berl. ent. Z. 26 (1) : 161, pl. 1, f. 4-5, TL: Hazret-Sultan-Gebirge, südlich von Samarkand
Parnassius honrathi, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius honrathi, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius honrathi ; [BRU, 145]

P. h. honrathi

W.Ghissar Parnassius honrathi tusovi J.J. & J.L. Shchetkin, 1989; Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 94: (53-55)

P. h. ernesti Bryk, 1932

E.Ghissar, Darvaz, Parnassius honrathi chaitcus J.L. & J.J. Shchetkin, 1989; Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 94: (53-55)
honrathi kondarensis J.J. Shchetkin, 1988

P. h. alburnus Stichel, 1907

W.Pamirs

Parnassius apollonius (Eversmann, 1847)

Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia, Tadzhikistan, W.Sinkiang. See [About maps] apollonius (Eversmann, 1847); Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 20 (?2): 71, pl. 3, f. 1-2, TL: "Songaria"
Parnassius apollonius ab. unica Avinoff, 1910; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 39 : 247
Parnassius apollonius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius apollonius, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius apollonius ; [BRU, 144]; [MRS, 193]

Larva on Pseudosedum, Rosularia spp. [BRU], Salsola spp., Scabiosa spp., Rhodiola semenovi [MRS]

P. a. apollonius Eversmann, 1804

S.Altai, Saur, Tarbagatai, Dzhungarsky Alatau

P. a. poseidon Bryk & Eisner, 1934

W.Tian-Shan

P. a. glaucopsis Bryk & Eisner, 1934

S.Kazakhstan

P. a. gloriosus Fruhstorfer, 1904

N.Tian-Shan

P. a. narynus Fruhstorfer, 1908

Inner Tian-Shan Parnassius apollonius narynus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 51, TL: Naryn

P. a. alpinus Staudinger, 1887

Alai

P. a. daubi Fruhstorfer, 1903

Ghissar Parnassius apollonius daubi Fruhstorfer, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (7) : 49

P. a. aphrodite Bryk & Eisner, 1934

Ili River valley

P. a. kuldschaensis Bryk & Eisner

Parnassius apollonius kuldschaensis ; [MRS, 193]

P. a. horaki Kreuzberg, 1989

Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pyrenees, EU, Iran, Caucasus, C.Asia. See [About maps] Pikkuapollo Clouded Apollo Mnemosynefjäril Nunneapollo Schwarzer Apollo Le semi-apollon Blanca de Asso Niepylak mnemozyna
Papilio mnemosyne Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 465, TL: Finland
?Parnassius mnemosyne ab. lunulata Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1) : 18
Parnassius mnemosyne, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius mnemosyne, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Parnassius mnemosyne, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Parnassius mnemosyne, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Parnassius mnemosyne, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Parnassius mnemosyne, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius mnemosyne, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Parnassius mnemosyne, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Parnassius mnemosyne ; [BRU, 136]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 7]; [MRS, 198]; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x326 (~30Kb) upperside Finland, A: Lemland, Flaka, 6/1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen	500x431 (~31Kb) upperside Finland, A: Lemland, Flaka, 6/1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen	600x732 (~49Kb) male female Somero 672:30, 22.06.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
750x488 (~36Kb) Somero 672:30, 22.06.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	948x707 (~130Kb) upperside male Russia, Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 15.6.2009, Photo © D. Smirnov	992x654 (~131Kb) underside male Russia, Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 15.6.2009, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Corydalis solida [SPRK]

Larva on Corydalis spp. [BRU]

P. m. weidingeri Bryk & Eisner, 1932

C.Europe

P. m. craspedontis Fruhstorfer, 1908

S.Europe Parnassius mnemosyne craspedontis Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12

P. m. ucrainicus Bryk & Eisner, 1932

W.Europe

P. m. leonhardiana Fruhstorfer, 1917

Parnassius mnemosyne leonhardiana Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. (A) 82 (2) : 25, f. 20, 21, TL: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Parnassius mnemosyne bosniacus Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25 : 223, TL: Mahnjaca Mts., Bosnia, 1200m
leonhardiana ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 9
bosniacus ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 10

P. m. ugrjumovi Bryk, 1914

Middle Volga, Middle Urals

P. m. uralka Bryk, 1921

S.Urals

P. m. nubilosus Christoph, 1873

Caucasus, Transcaucasis

P. m. caucasia Verity, [1911]

Bulgaria? Parnassius mnemosyne dejotarus Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. (A) 82 (2) : 26, f. 16, 17, TL: [Bulgaria], "Tschamkorija" [Borovets]

= ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 10

Parnassius mnemosyne bulgarica Eisner, 1936; Parnassiana 4 (1-2): 9, TL: Pisanec am Lom, 300m, Bulgaria
dejotaurus ; Bryk, 1921, Ent. Tidskr. 42 : 113, 115 (missp.)
dejoratus ; Kudrna, 1985, Nachr. ent. Ver. Apollo, Suppl. 5: 22, 48 (missp.)
dejotarus ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 9
bulgarica ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 13

P. m. balcanica Bryk & Eisner, 1930

Parnassius mnemosyne balcanica Bryk & Eisner, 1930; Parnassiana 1 (2): 3-4, TL: "Schar-Dagh, Kacanik, [Yugoslavia]
balcanica ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 11

P. m. talboti Bryk, 1932

Parnassius mnemosyne talboti Bryk, 1932; Parnassiana 2 (3): 33, TL: Zara (Dalmatien) [Croatia, Zadar]
talboti ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 12

P. m. parnassia Bryk, 1932

Parnassius mnemosyne parnassia Bryk, 1932; Parnassiana 2 (4/5): 46, TL: Parnass, Greece
parnassia ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 12

P. m. problematicus Bryk, 1912

Kopet-Dagh

P. m. orientalis Verity, 1911

N.Tian-Shan

700x480 (~94Kb) upperside Uzbekistan, Kuraminsky Mts, h=2400, 6.1996 Vashchenko S.N. leg, Photo © D. Smirnov

P. m. falsus Pagenstecher, 1911

N.Tian-Shan (Ketmen Mt. range)

P. m. nivalis Grose-Smith, 1908

Inner Tian-Shan

P. m. valentinae Sheljuzhko, 1943

W.Tian-Shan

P. m. giganteus Staudinger, 1886

Alai ?gigantea Staudinger, 1886

P. m. ochraceus Austaut, 1891

E.Ghissar

P. m. bucharanus Bryk, 1912

W.Ghissar

Parnassius stubbendorfi Ménétriés, 1849

Altai - C.Siberia, S.Siberia - Sakhalin, Kurile Islands, Mongolia - N.China - N.Korea, Amur, Japan. See [About maps] Parnassius stubbendorfi Ménétriés, 1849; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 6 (4): 273, pl. 6, f. 2, TL: [Erma River, Irkutsk Region, E. Sayan Mts]
?Parnassius hoenei Schweitzer, 1928; [BRU, 136], TL: (Japan)
Parnassius hoenei, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius stubbendorfi ; [BRU, 136]
Parnassius stubbendorfii ; [MRS, 198]

Larva on Corydalis spp., Corydalis gigantea, C. ambigua [BRU]

P. s. stubbendorfi Ménétriés, 1849

Sayan, Transbaikalia, Yakutia

P. s. typicus Bryk, 1914

Altai Mts.

533x400 (~50Kb) upperside male A bushy meadow on the right bank floodland of the Koen Riverat at the mouth of the Volchikha Rivulet, just downstream of the village Nizhnii Koen, Iskitim District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. 26th May 1997 (on Taraxacum officinale Wigg.), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

400x533 (~47Kb) underside male A meadow at the bird cherry (Padus avium Mill.) thickets on the Berd' River right bank at the village Legostaevo, Iskitim District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. 13th June 1994, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

533x400 (~41Kb) larva Collected at: willow and bird cherry thickets on the bottom of the Bugotak Bugotak River valley between the villages Karpysak and the state farm Samarskiy, Toguchin District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. 7th May 1994 (A third instar larva, photographed in captivity), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. s. standfussi Bryk, 1912

Lower Amur basin

P. s. bodemeyeri Bryk, 1914

Amur region, N.Ussuri

P. s. koreana Verity, 1907

S.Ussuri

P. s. doii Matsumura, 1928

Kuriles Parnassius stubbendorfii doii Matsumura, 1928; Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4) : 201, TL: Kuriles

P. s. esakii Nakahara, 1926

Sakhalin

P. s. kosterini Kreuzberg & Pljushch, 1922

Magadan region

Parnassius glacialis Butler, 1866

E.China, Korea, Japan. See [About maps] Parnassius glacialis Butler, 1866; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 9 (34) : 50
Parnassius glacialis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius glacialis ; [EBW]; [MRS, 199]

640x480 (~68Kb) larva Utsubo, Miyagava Vill., Gifu Pref., ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~113Kb) larva Utsubo, Miyagava Vill., Gifu Pref., ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~139Kb) pupa Utsubo, Miyagava Vill., Gifu Pref., ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler
640x480 (~76Kb) pupa Utsubo, Miyagava Vill., Gifu Pref., ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~72Kb) upperside Utsubo, Miyagava Vill., Gifu Pref., ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~61Kb) underside Utsubo, Miyagava Vill., Gifu Pref., ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler

Larva on Corydalis ambigua, C. incisa, C. decumbens, C. remota, Aristolochia debilis [MRS]

Parnassius eversmanni Ménétriés, [1850]

E.Russia - Mongolia, Japan, Alaska. See [About maps] Eversmann's Parnassian
Parnassius eversmanni Ménétriés, [1850]; Siemaschko, Russian Fauna (17): pl. 4, f. 5, TL: "Kansk" [=error?, E.Sayan Mts?]
Parnassius eversmanni Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 73
Parnassius eversmanni ab. melanops Austaut, 1911; Ent. Zs. 24 (44) : 244
Parnassius eversmanni eversmanni, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Parnassius eversmanni, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius eversmanni, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
versmanni ; Bryk & Eisner, 1937, (missp.)
Parnassius eversmanni ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 2; [BRU, 137]; [MRS, 200]; [NACL, #4153]; [Opler]

636x490 (~42Kb) upperside male A flowery alpine meadow in a valley of the rivulet descending from the southerm principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range between the Chikty and Akbul Rivulets, 2700 m above sea level, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 10th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	543x300 (~33Kb) upperside female A flowery alpine meadow in a valley of the rivulet descending from the southerm principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range between the Chikty and Akbul Rivulets, 2700 m above sea level, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 10th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	567x485 (~39Kb) underside female A flowery alpine meadow in a valley of the rivulet descending from the southerm principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range between the Chikty and Akbul Rivulets, 2700 m above sea level, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 10th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
952x580 (~104Kb) upperside male A flowery alpine meadow in a valley of the rivulet descending from the southerm principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range between the Chikty and Akbul Rivulets, 2700 m above sea level, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West SIberia, Russia. 10th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	498x400 (~38Kb) underside female A flowery alpine meadow in a valley of the rivulet descending from the southerm principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range between the Chikty and Akbul Rivulets, 2700 m above sea level, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 10th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1731x1165 (~404Kb) upperside female Canada: British Columbia, Pink Mtn, 3.7.1981, Photo 2007 © Norbert Kondla leg.
1662x1109 (~337Kb) underside female Canada: British Columbia, Pink Mtn, 3.7.1981, Photo 2007 © Norbert Kondla leg.	1556x1128 (~361Kb) upperside male Canada: British Columbia, Pink Mtn, 3.7.1981, Photo 2007 © Norbert Kondla leg.	1503x1056 (~311Kb) underside male Canada: British Columbia, Pink Mtn, 3.7.1981, Photo 2007 © Norbert Kondla leg.

Larva on Corydalis gigantea [NAB]

Larva on Corydalis arctica, C. paeoniipholia, C. gorodkovi, C. pauciflora [BRU]

P. e. eversmanni Ménétriés, [1850]

S.Siberia (mountains) altaicus Verity, 1911
lacinia Hemming, 1934

P. e. vosnessenski Ménétriés, [1850]

Sea of Okhotsk eversmanni magadana D. Weiss, 1971

P. e. polarius Schulte, 1991

NE.Yakutia, Chukot

P. e. thor H. Edwards, 1881

Alaska Parnassius thor H. Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (1): 2, TL: Upper Yukon, Alaska
kohlsaati Gunder, 1932
ochreoocellatus Bryk & Eisner, 1932
quincunx Bryk & Eisner, 1934, not Bryk, 1914
desubmarginatus Bryk, 1935
Parnassius eversmanni thor, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius eversmanni thor ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 2; [NACL, 4153a]

?P. e. daisetsuzanus Matsumura, 1926

Japan

?P. e. maui Bryk, 1914

Parnassius felderi Bremer, 1861

Amur, Ussuri (mountains), NE.China, Korea, Japan. See [About maps] Parnassius felderi Bremer, 1861; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 3: 464, TL: "Raddeevka" [Radde, Amur region]
Parnassius felderi, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius felderi, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius felderi ; [BRU, 138]
Parnassius eversmanni felderi ; [MRS, 200]

Larva on Corydalis gigantea [BRU]

P. f. felderi Bremer, 1861

Bureinsky Mts

P. f. litoreus Stichel, 1907

S.Amur

P. f. maui Sheljuzhko, 1914

Sikhote-Alin Mts

Parnassius ariadne (Lederer, 1853)

Altai, Saur, Tarbagatai. See [About maps] ariadne (Lederer, 1853); Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 3 : 354, TL: [Bukhtarma River sources, Altai]
clarius Eversmann, 1843; (nom. praeocc.)
Parnassius ariadne, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius ariadne, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius ariadne ; [BRU, 138]; [MRS, 200]

Larva on Corydalis, C. nobilis [BRU]

P. a. ariadne Lederer, 1853

Altai

P. a. clarus Bryk & Eisner, 1932

Saur, Tarbagatai

P. a. jiadengyttensis Huang & Murayama

Parnassius ariadne jiadengyttensis ; [MRS, 200]

Parnassius nordmanni Ménétriés, [1850]

Caucasus - N.Turkey. See [About maps] Parnassius nordmanni Ménétriés, [1850]; Siemaschko, Russian Fauna (17): pl. 4, f. 5, TL: "Monti Adschara"
?Parnassius nordmanni Nordmann, 1851; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 24 (4): 423
Parnassius nordmanni, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius nordmanni ; [BRU, 137]

Larva on Corydalis alpestris, C. conorhiza, C. emanuelii [BRU]

P. n. thomai de Freina, 1980

Parnassius nordmanni thomai de Freina, 1980; NachrBl. bayer Ent. 29: (50-62)

Parnassius clodius Ménétriés, 1855

Alaska, British Columbia, Washington - Nevada. See [About maps] Clodius Apollo Clodius Parnassian American Apollo
Parnassius clodius Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 73
?clarius Boisduval

= ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1

castus Bryk, 1913
sulfureus Gunder, 1932
extinctoanalis Bryk & Eisner, 1932
Parnassius clodius, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Parnassius clodius clodius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius clodius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius clodius, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Parnassius clodius ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1; [NACL, #4154]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 15]; [BOC, 110]; [Opler]

1049x776 (~82Kb) upperside west of Bend, Oregon, USA, 7-91, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt	500x420 (~19Kb) USA: FR9031, Bandera Mtn, (47°24'28N 121°33'06W), King Co., WA, 15.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	700x550 (~46Kb) USA: Wallace Falls State Park, (47°52'33N 121°39'50W), Snohomish Co., WA, 13.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
1847x1478 (~536Kb) upperside female Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla	1816x1503 (~460Kb) underside female Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla	1843x1481 (~450Kb) upperside male Canada, British Columbia, nr Greenwood, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.
1703x1440 (~343Kb) underside male Canada, British Columbia, nr Greenwood, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.

Larva on Dicentra formosa, D. uniflora, D. pauciflora, D. cucullaria [BOC]

P. c. altaurus Dyar, 1903

Wyoming, Idaho Parnassius clodius var. altaurus Dyar, 1903; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 5 (4) : 290, TL: Altauras Lake, near Saw-tooth Mt., Idaho, 7000-9000ft
flavoocellatus Bryk, 1935
gallatinus Stichel, 1907; , TL: Gallatin River, Wyoming

= ;

immaculatus Skinner, 1911
Parnassius clodius altaurus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius clodius gallatinus ; [NACL, #4154h]
Parnassius clodius altaurus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1; [NACL, #4154g]

P. c. shepardi Eisner, 1966

Shepard's Parnassian
clodius shepardi Eisner, 1966; , TL: Wawawai, Snake River Canyon, Washington

P. c. baldur Edwards, 1877

lorquini Oberthür, 1891 lusca Stichel, 1907 binigrimaculellus Gunder, 1926

primoettertiopictaetornatus Bryk & Eisner, 1932 medionigroocellatus Bryk, 1935, not Bryk & Eisner, 1932

Parnassius clodius baldur, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius clodius baldur ; [NACL, #4154c]

P. c. claudianus Stichel, 1907

clodius claudianus Stichel, 1907; , TL: "Washington, BC., Vanc. Is."
baldus Ehrmann, 1918; , TL: Olympic Mtns
kallias Ehrmann, 1918; , TL: Olympic Mtns
Parnassius clodius claudianus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassiuc clodius claudianus ; [NACL, #4154d]

P. c. incredibilis Bryk, 1932

Parnassius clodius incredibilis ; [NACL, #4154f]

P. c. menetriesii H. Edwards, 1877

Parnassius clodius var. menetriesii H. Edwards, 1877; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 7 : 164
medionigroocellatus Bryk & Eisner, 1932
nigroanalis Bryk & Eisner, 1932
albocentratus Bryk & Eisner, 1932
Parnassius clodius ménétríésii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1
Parnassius clodius menetriesii ; [NACL, #4154i]

P. c. pseudogallatinus Bryk, 1913

clodius pseudogallatinus Bryk, 1913; , TL: Yale, British Columbia
Parnassius clodius hel Eisner, 1956; , TL: Stevens Pass, Washington
Parnassius clodius pseudogallatinus ; [NACL, #4154e]

P. c. sol Bryk & Eisner, 1932

clodius sol Bryk & Eisner, 1932; , TL: Baxters, Placer Co., California
Parnassius clodius sol, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Parnassius clodius sol ; [NACL, #4154b]

P. c. strohbeeni Sternitzky, 1945

dodgei Gunder, 1932; (ab.)
Parnassius clodius strohbeeni ; [NACL, #4154a]

Parnassius orleans Oberthür, 1890

Tibet, Mongolia, W.China. See [About maps] Parnassius orleans Oberthür, 1890; Descr. esp. nouv. Lép.: 1
Parnassius orleans, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius orleans ; [MRS, 201]

P. o. lakshmi Mikami, 1998

Parnassius orleans lakshmi ; Huang, 2001

Parnassius hardwickii Gray, 1831

N.India, Chitral - Sikkim, Kasmir, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan. See [About maps] Common Blue Apollo
Parnassius hardwickii Gray, 1831; Zool. Miscell. (1): 32
Parnassius hardwicki ab. afer Fruhstorfer, 1900; Stettin ent. Ztg 60 (10-12) : 354
?Parnassius hardtwicki[sic] ab. otos Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 46, TL: Kaschmir
Parnassius hardwickii, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius hardwickei ; [BIR, 410]
Parnassius hardwickii ; [MRS, 201]

Larva on Saxifragaceae [MRS]

?Parnassius hunnyngtoni Avinoff, 1916

S.Tibet. See [About maps] Parnassius hunnyngtoni Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 351, pl. 52, f. 1-3, TL: Chumbi Valley, South Tibet
Parnassius hunningtoni[sic?] ; [EBW]

Parnassius acco Gray, 1852

Karakorum, Tibet, Kashmir, Sikkim. See [About maps] Parnassius acco Gray, 1852; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 76, pl. 12, f. 5-6, TL: Kumaon-Tibet border
?Parnassius acco gemmifer Fruhstorfer, 1909; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 110
Parnassius acco, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius acco ; [BOW: pl. 135, f. 18 (text)]; [MRS, 204]

P. a. transhimalayensis Eisner, 1938

acco transhimalayensis Eisner, 1938; , TL: Jammu-Kashmir

P. a. hampsoni Avinoff, 1916

Parnassius acco hampsoni Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 352, pl. 52, f. 4, TL: Karakorum
acco punctata Tytler, 1926
acco baltorana Bang-Haas, 1937

P. a. tagalani Bang-Haas, 1927

Spiti, Ladak, SW.Tibet acco pundjabensis Bang-Haas, 1927
acco chumurtiensis Bang-Haas, 1928
?tagalangi ; Huang, 1998, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 271 (note) (missp.?)
Parnassius acco tagalangi ; Huang, 1998, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 271 (note), pl. 1, f. 2c, 2d

P. a. gyanglaputsai Huang, 1998

Xiagangjian Mts., Sangmubati Mts. Parnassius acco gyanglaputsai Huang, 1998; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 271, pl. 1, f. 1a-d, 2a, 2b, TL: Naogaola, 5200m

P. a. tulaishani Schulte

Parnassius acco tulaishani ; [MRS, 204]

P. a. rosei Schulte

Parnassius acco rosei ; [MRS, 204]

P. a. humboldti Pierrat & Porion

Parnassius acco humboldti ; [MRS, 204]

P. a. vairocanus Shinkal

Parnassius acco vairocanus ; [MRS, 204]

P. a. rosea Weiss & Michel

Parnassius acco rose ; [MRS, 204]

P. a. goergneri Weiss & Michel

Parnassius acco goergneri ; [MRS, 204]

1500x1125 (~336Kb) upperside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~202Kb) underside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~507Kb) upperside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.
1500x1125 (~326Kb) underside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~277Kb) upperside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~254Kb) upperside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.

Parnassius przewalskii Alphéraky, 1887

Parnassius przewalskii Alphéraky, 1887; in Romanoff, Mem. lép. 3 : 403
Parnassius przewalskii ; [EBW]; [MRS, 204]

1024x768 (~127Kb) upperside male China, Qinghai prov, 220 km SSW of Qinghai lake, Anemaqen-Shan, 4450m, 21.6.05, Photo © A. Timchenko

1024x768 (~172Kb) underside male China, Qinghai prov, 220 km SSW of Qinghai lake, Anemaqen-Shan, 4450m, 21.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

P. p. yvonne (Eisner)

Parnassius przewalskii yvonne ; [MRS, 204]

P. p. liae Huang & Murayama

Parnassius przewalskii liae ; [MRS, 204]

Parnassius maharaja Avinoff, 1916

Kashmir. See [About maps] Parnassius maharaja Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 353, pl. 54, f. 1-2
Parnassius maharaja, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius maharajus ; [MRS, 203]

Parnassius schultei Weiss & Michel, 1989

Parnassius schultei, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius schultei ; [MRS, 203]

1500x1125 (~216Kb) upperside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.

1500x1125 (~384Kb) underside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.

1500x1125 (~169Kb) underside female China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5150m), 30.6.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.

Parnassius szechenyii Frivaldszky, 1886

Tibet, W.China. See [About maps] Parnassius szechenyii Frivaldszky, 1886; Termezetr. Füz. 10: 39
Parnassius szechenyii, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius szechenyii ; [MRS, 201]

P. s. germinae Austaut

Parnassius szechenyii germina ; [MRS, 201]

P. s. arnoldianus (Bang-Haas)

Parnassius szechenyii arnoldianus ; [MRS, 201]

P. s. lethe Bryk & Eisner

Parnassius szechenyii lethe ; [MRS, 201]

P. s. evacaki Schulte

Parnassius szechenyii evacaki ; [MRS, 201]

1024x768 (~87Kb) upperside male China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 40km NW of Caka town, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

1024x768 (~76Kb) underside male China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 40km NW of Caka town, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

1024x768 (~164Kb) upperside male female China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

?P. s. kansuensis Bryk & Eisner

?P. s. kassaroi

?P. s. incugnitus

szechenyii incugnitus; (spell?)

P. s. frivaldszkyi Bang-Haas

Parnassius szechenyii frivaldszkyi ; [MRS, 201]

Parnassius cephalus Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

Tibet, W.China. See [About maps] Parnassius cephalus Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 446
Parnassius cephalus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius cephalus ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. pythia Rothschild

Parnassius pythia ; [EBW]
Parnassius cephalus pythia ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. dengkiaoping Weiss

Parnassius cephalus dengkiaoping ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. micheli Weiss

Parnassius cephalus micheli ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. irene Bryk & Eisner

Parnassius cephalus irene ; [MRS, 202]

1024x768 (~121Kb) upperside male China, Qinghai prov, 220 km SSW of Qinghai lake, Anemaqen-Shan, 4450m, 21.6.05, Photo © A. Timchenko

1024x768 (~98Kb) upperside female China, Qinghai prov, 220 km SSW of Qinghai lake, Anemaqen-Shan, 22.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

P. c. erlaensis Sorimachi

Parnassius cephalus erlaensis ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. weissi Schulte

Parnassius cephalus weissi ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. sengei (Bang-Haas)

Parnassius cephalus sengei ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. elwesi Leech

Parnassius cephalus elwesi ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. takensakai Koiwaya

Parnassius cephalus takensakai ; [MRS, 202]

P. c. yammataka

P. c. paimaensis Yoshino, 1997

N.Yunnan Parnassius cepharus[sic] paimaensis Yoshino, 1997; Neo Lepidoptera 2: 1, f. 1-4, TL: Mt. Baimashueshan, N. Yunnan

Parnassius delphius Eversmann, 1843

Afghanistan, C.Asia, Pakistan, N.India, Kashmir, Tibet, W.China. See [About maps] Parnassius delphius Eversmann, 1843; Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 16 (3): 541, pl. 7, f. 1A-B, TL: "Altai" [= error, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Kazakhstan]
?Parnassius delphius lampidius Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 44
?Parnassius delphius dolabella Fruhstorfer, 1904; Ent. Zs. 18 (8) : 30
?Parnassius delphius nicevillei Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 355, pl. 53, f. 1-2
?Parnassius delphius ab. cardinalina Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 356, pl. 53, f. 3
?Parnassius delphius r. mamaievi Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 357, pl. 53, f. 5-6
?Parnassius delphius workmani Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 357, pl. 53, f. 7
?Parnassius delphius kafir Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 357, pl. 53, f. 8-9
?Parnassius delphius sobolevskyi Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 358, pl. 54, f. 7, 5, TL: Kiliang Pass, Chinese Turkestan
Parnassius delphius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius delphius, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius delphius ; [BRU, 138]; [MRS, 205]

Larva on Cysticorydalis fedtschenkoana, Corydalis onobrichis [BRU]

P. d. delphius Eversmann, 1843

Dzhungarsky Alatau

P. d. namanganus Staudinger, 1886

NW. of Lake Issyk-Kul ?namaganus[sic?] ?Elwes, 1886; (spell., author?)

P. d. albulus Honrath, 1889

SW. of Lake Issyk-Kul

P. d. pulchra Eisner, 1939

N. of Lake Issyk-Kul

P. d. constans O. Bang-Haas, 1915

C.Tien Shan

P. d. f. styx Staudinger, 1886

delphius f. styx Staudinger, 1886; (infrasubspec.)

P. d. f. satanas A. Bang-Haas, 1910

delphius f. satanas A. Bang-Haas, 1910; (infrasubspec.)

P. d. karaschahricus Bang-Haas

Parnassius delphius karaschahricus ; [MRS, 205]

P. d. mephisto Hering

Parnassius delphius mephisto ; [MRS, 205]

P. d. kohibaba Clench & Shoumatoff, 1956

Afghanistan Parnassius delphius kohibaba Clench & Shoumatoff, 1956; Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Forening 118: (141-192), TL: btw Surtu and top of Mt. Shah Fuladi, ca. 5000m

Parnassius kiritshenkoi Avinoff, 1910

E.Pamirs. See [About maps] Parnassius delphius kiritshenkoi Avinoff, 1910; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 39 : 228, pl. 14, f. 1, TL: Alichur Mts, E. Pamirs
Parnassius kiritshenkoi, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius kiritshenkoi ; [BRU, 140]

?P. k. dunkeldykus Sotshivko & Kaabak, 1996

Sarykolsky Mts kiritshenkoi dunkeldykus Sotshivko & Kaabak, 1996; , TL: Sarylkolsky Mts

Parnassius maximinus Staudinger, 1891

W.Tian-Shan. See [About maps] Parnassius maximinus Staudinger, 1891; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 4 (1) : 158, TL: [Chatkalsky Mts, Uzbekistan]
Parnassius maximinus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius maximinus, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius maximinus ; [BRU, 139]

Larva on Corydalis darwasica, C. ledebouriana [BRU]

P. m. maximinus

Parnassius maximinus maximinus ; Bergmann, 1995, Atalanta 26 (1/2): pl. I, f. 3, 5-6

P. m. kasakstanus O. Bang-Haas, 1933

P. m. legezina Bergmann, 1995

W.Tian-Shan Parnassius maximinus legezina Bergmann, 1995; Atalanta 26 (1/2): 140, pl. I, f. 1-2, 4, TL: Usbekistan, W. Tian-Shan, Kurmaminski-Kette, Kamtschik-Pass, 1600-2000m

Parnassius cardinal Grum-Grshimailo, 1887

Darvaz, N.Afghanistan (Badahshan). See [About maps] Parnassius delphius var. cardinal Grum-Grshimailo, 1887; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 3 : 397, TL: [Plateau Tupchek, upper reaches of Kara-Shara River, Peter 1 Mts, Tajikistan]
Parnassius cardinal, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius cardinal, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius cardinal ; [BRU, 140]

Larva on Corydalis ledebouriana [BRU]

Parnassius staudingeri Bang-Haas, 1882

Pamirs-Alai, Hindu Kush, Karakorum, W.Kuen-Lun. See [About maps] Parnassius staudingeri Bang-Haas, 1882; in Staudinger & Bang-Haas, Berl. ent. Z. 26 (1) : 163, pl. 2, f. 7-8, 8a, TL: [Mt. Khazret-Sultan, W. Ghissarsky Mts]
Parnassius staudingeri, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius staudingeri, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius staudingeri ; [BRU, 139]; [MRS, 205]

Larva on Cysticorydalis fedtschenkoana, Corydalis onobrychis [BRU]

P. s. staudingeri A. Bang-Haas, 1882

W.Ghissar Parnassius delphii staudingeri nat. hodja Avinoff, 1913; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 40 (5) : 18, pl. 2, f. 6

P. s. hissaricus Eisner, 1968

E.Ghissar staudingeri tzvetaevi J.L. Shchetkin, 1977

P. s. difficilis Murzin, 1989

Turkestansky Mts

P. s. infernalis Elwes, 1886

Alaisky, E.Zaalaisky Mts

P. s. illustris Grum-Grshimailo, 1888

W. Zaalaisky Mts

P. s. inacessibilis J.J. Shchetkin, 1979

Darvaz staudingeri valentinae J.J. Scchetkin, 1977; (nom. praeocc.)

P. s. darvasicus Avinoff, 1916

W.Pamirs Parnassius delphius darvasica Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 358, pl. 54, f. 3, TL: Darvas

P. s. jacobsoni Avinoff, 1913

SW.Pamirs

P. s. hunza Grum-Grshimailo, 1888

SE.Pamirs

P. s. mustagata Rose

Parnassius staudingeri mustagata ; [MRS, 205]

?Parnassius stoliczkanus C. & R. Felder, [1865]

Kashmir. See [About maps] Parnassius stoliczkanus C. & R. Felder, [1865]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (2): 138, (3): pl. 69, f. 2-3
Parnassius stoliczkanus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

Parnassius patricius Niepelt, 1911

Tian-Shan. See [About maps] Parnassius patricius Niepelt, 1911; Int. Ent. Ztg 5 (38): 274, TL: "Naryn" [Inner Tian-Shan, Kirghizia]
Parnassius patricius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius patricius, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius patricius ; [BRU, 140]

Larva on Cysticorydalis fedtschenkoana [BRU]

P. p. priamus Bryk, 1914

P. p. lukhtanovi Rose, 1992

Khan-Tengri peak

P. p. uzungyrus D. Weiss, 1979

Kirghizsky Mts patricius haugumensis Eisner, 1979

P. p. luedwigi Kreuzberg, 1989

Chatkalsky, Talassky

P. p. kardakoffi Bryk & Eisner, 1930

Kunghei-Alatau, Zailiisky Alatau

Parnassius hide Koiwaya, 1987

China Qinghai, Kunlun Mountains Parnassius hide Koiwaya, 1987; Gekkan Mushi 201: 6
Parnassius hide, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius hide ; [MRS, 206]

P. h. meveli Weiss & Michel

Parnassius hide meveli ; [MRS, 206]

P. h. aksobhya Shinkai

Parnassius hide aksobhya ; [MRS, 206]

1024x768 (~152Kb) upperside male China, Qinghai prov, 220 km SSW of Qinghai lake, Anemaqen-Shan, 4450m, 21.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

1024x768 (~137Kb) underside male China, Qinghai prov, 220 km SSW of Qinghai lake, Anemaqen-Shan, 4450m, 21.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

P. h. gamdensis Nose

Parnassius hide gamdensis ; [MRS, 206]

P. h. hengduanshanus Nose

Parnassius hide hengduanshanus ; [MRS, 206]

P. h. poshurarinus Nose

Parnassius hide poshurarinus ; [MRS, 206]

Parnassius acdestis Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

Kirghizia, Kashmir, Tibet, Sikkim, Bhutan, W.China. See [About maps] Parnassius delphius var. acdestis Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 446
Parnassius acdestis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

P. a. rupshuana Avinoff, 1916

Parnassius acdestis rupshuana Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 354, pl. 52, f. 5-6, TL: Rupshu, Tagalang-la, 17000-18000ft

P. a. ladakensis Avinoff, 1916

Parnassius acdestis ladakensis Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 354, pl. 52, f. 7

P. a. takedai Mikami & Sakakibara, 1988

P. a. peshkei Eisner, 1933

P. a. yanae Huang, 1998

NW.Tibet Parnassius acdestis yanae Huang, 1998; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 273, pl. 1, f. 3a-d, 4a, 4b, TL: Main Peak of the Xiagangjiang Mts., 5200-5300m

P. a. limitis Weiss & Michel

Parnassius acdestis limitis ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. hades (Bryk)

Parnassius acdestis hades ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. cerevisiae Weiss & Michel

Parnassius acdestis cerevisiae ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. lathonius Bryk

Parnassius acdestis lathonius ; [MRS, 205]

1500x1125 (~320Kb) upperside male China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5200m), 1.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~197Kb) underside male China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5200m), 1.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~345Kb) upperside male China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5200m), 1.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.
1500x1125 (~250Kb) upperside male China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5200m), 1.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~294Kb) upperside male China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5200m), 1.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.	1500x1125 (~228Kb) underside male China, S.Tibet, Karo-La pass (5200m), 1.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko leg.

P. a. macdonardi Rothschild

Parnassius acdestis macdonardi ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. felix Eisner

Parnassius acdestis felix ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. peeblesi Bryk

Parnassius acdestis peeblesi ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. imperatoides Weiss & Michel

Parnassius acdestis imperatoides ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. ohkuma Koiwaya

Parnassius acdestis ohkuma ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. manco Koiwaya

Parnassius acdestis manco ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. vogti (Bang-Haas)

Parnassius acdestis vogti ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. cinerosus Stichel

Parnassius acdestis cinerosus ; [MRS, 205]

P. a. irenaephis Bryk

Parnassius acdestis irenaephis ; [MRS, 205]

Parnassius tenedius Eversmann, 1851

Altai - W.Chukot, Yakut, Tura, N.China, Mongolia. See [About maps] Parnassius tenedius Eversmann, 1851; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 24 (2) : 621, TL: [Irkutsk Region, Russia]
?Parnassius tenedius var. nigromaculata Niepelt, 1916; in Strand, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2) : 25, pl. 13, f. 16
Parnassius tenedius tenedius, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Parnassius tenedius, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius tenedius ; [BRU, 142]; [MRS, 209]

Larva on Corydalis sibirica, C. capnoides [BRU], Corydalis spp. [MRS]

P. t. vulcanus Bryk & Eisner, 1932

Altai

P. t. scepticus Bryk & Eisner, 1932

Transbaikalia Parnassius tenedius sceptica ; [MRS, 209]

P. t. britae Bryk, 1932

Chukot, Far East

Parnassius arctica (Eisner, 1968)

NE.Yakutia. See [About maps] arctica (Eisner, 1968); Zool. Meded. 43 (2): 15, pl. 1, f. 7-8, TL: [Verkhoyansky Mts., Yakutia]
?Parnassius ammosovi Korshunov, 1988
Parnassius ammosovi, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Parnassius arctica, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius arctica ; [BRU, 142]

Larva on Corydalis corodkovi [BRU]

Parnassius simo Gray, [1853]

Tadzhikistan, Kirghizia, Kashmir, Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Ladak, N.India, Tibet, W.China, Mongolia. See [About maps] Parnassius simo Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 76, pl. 12, f. 3-4, TL: "Chinese Tartary" [between Kumaon and Kashmir]
Parnassius simo, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius simo, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius simo ; [BRU, 141]; [BOW: pl. 135, f. 18]; [MRS, 209]; Huang, 1998, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 275 (note), pl. 2, f. 5d, 6c-d

Larva on Lagotis globosa?, L. decumbens? [BRU]

P. s. avinovi Verity, 1911

E.Pamirs simo hilariae Kreuzberg, 1986

P. s. simulator Staudinger, 1889

?

P. s. gylippos Fruhstorfer, 1903

? Parnassius gylippos Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 45, TL: Chinese Turkestan

P. s. lise Eisner

Parnassius simo lise ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. kunlunensis Weiss

Parnassius simo kunlunensis ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. kosiovi Verity

Parnassius simo kosiovi ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. norikae Ohya

Parnassius simo norikae ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. simplicata Stich, 1907

simo simplicata Stich, 1907; , TL: Altun Shan
Parnassius simo simplicata ; Huang, 1998, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 275 (note), pl. 2, f. 5c
Parnassius simo simplicatus ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. confusus Bang-Haas

Parnassius simo confusus ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. lenzeni Bryk

Parnassius simo lenzeni ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. acconus Fruhstorfer, 1903

Sikkim Parnassius acconus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 43, pl. 1, f. 1-2, TL: Sikkim
Parnassius simo acconus ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. hingstoni Bryk

Parnassius simo hingstoni ; [MRS, 209]

P. s. bainqenerdini Huang, 1998

Xiagangjian Mts. Parnassius simo bainqenerdini Huang, 1998; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 275, pl. 2, f. 5a-b, 6a-b, TL: Main Peak, 5200-5300

Parnassius boedromius Püngeler, 1901

Tian-Shan. See [About maps] Parnassius boedromius Püngeler, 1901; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 14 (1) : 177, pl. 1, f. 3-4
?Parnassius boëdromius candida Avinoff, 1913; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 40 (5) : 13, pl. 2, f. 1
Parnassius boedromius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius boedromius, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius boedromius ; [BRU, 142]

Larva on Lagotis decumbens?, L. integrifolia? [BRU]

P. b. prasolovi Kreuzberg, 1986

Inner Tian-Shan

P. b. hohlbecki Avinoff, 1913

N.Tian-Shan Parnassius boëdromius hohlbecki Avinoff, 1913; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 40 (5) : 13, pl. 2, f. 2-3

P. b. martiniheringi Bryk & Eisner, 1930

Zailiisky, Kunghei-Alatau

P. b. sokolovi Kreuzberg, 1990

NW.Tian-Shan

Parnassius charltonius Gray, [1853]

Kirghizia, Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N.India, Kashmir, Tibet, Chitral - Kumaon. See [About maps] Regal Apollo
Parnassius charltonius Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 77, pl. 12, f. 7, TL: "Chinese Tartary" [Mountains between Kumaon and Kashmir]
Parnassius charltonius var. ducalis Boullet & Le Cerf, 1921; : 143, TL: Chitral
Parnassius charltonius, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius charltonius, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius charltonius ; [BRU, 147]; [MRS, 208]

Larva on Corydalis stricta, Corydalis gortschakovi [BRU]

P. c. romanovi Grum-Grshimailo, 1885

Alai

P. c. vaporosus Avinoff, 1913

Darvaz, W.Pamirs Parnassius charltonius vaporosus Avinoff, 1913; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 40 (5) : 15, pl. 2, f. 4
Parnassius charltonius vaporosus ; Avinoff, 1916, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 359, pl. 54, f. 7

P. c. voigti O. Bang-Haas

Afghanistan Parnassius charltonius voigti ; Wyatt, 1961, J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 3 (descr. of male Allotype Kotandar Pass, Paghman Mts, Kabul, 10-12500ft)

P. c. ljudmilae Stshetkin & Kaabak, 1985

Ghissar Parnassius charltonius ljudmilae Stshetkin & Kaabak, 1985; Bjul. MOIP. Otd. biol. 90 (5): (?87-95)
Parnassius charltonius ljudmilae ; Kaabak & Lesin, 1994, Atalanta 25 (1/2): 161, pl. IV, f. 3-4

P. c. anjuta Stshetkin, Kaabak & Stshetkina, 1987

E.Pamirs, Mynkhadzhir Parnassius charltonius anjuta Stshetkin, Kaabak & Stshetkina, 1987; Entomol. obozrenio 66 (1): (?87-97)
Parnassius charltonius anjuta, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Parnassius charltonius anjuta ; Kaabak & Lesin, 1994, Atalanta 25 (1/2): 161, pl. IV, f. 1-2

P. c. mistericus Kaabak, Sotshivko & Titov, 1996

SE.Pamirs, Sarykolsky Mts

P. c. corporaali Bryk

Parnassius charltonius corporaali ; [MRS, 208]

P. c. bryki Haude

Parnassius charltonius bryki ; [MRS, 208]

?P. c. wernickei Kotzsch

Parnassius charltonius wernickei ; Wyatt, 1961, J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 3 (note)

Parnassius loxias Püngeler, 1901

Kirghizia, W.China. See [About maps] Parnassius loxias Püngeler, 1901; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 14 (1) : 178, pl. 1, f. 5, 6, TL: 41°7'N, 80°81'E [N. of Aksu River, SE. slope of Kokshall-Tau Mts., W. China]
Parnassius loxias, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius loxias ; [BRU, 147]; [MRS, 208]

Larva on Corydalis krasnovi [BRU]

P. l. tashkorensis Kreuzberg, 1984

Inylchektau, Sary-Dzhaz Mts

P. l. loxias raskemensis Avinoff, 1916

Parnassius loxias loxias raskemensis Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 359, pl. 52, f. 10, TL: Kiliang Pass
Parnassiu loxias raskemensis ; [MRS, 208]

Parnassius autocrator Avinoff, 1913

W.Pamirs - NE.Afghanistan. See [About maps] Parnassius autocrator Avinoff, 1913; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 40 (5) : 16-17, pl. 2, f. 3
Parnassius autocrator, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius autocrator, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Parnassius autocrator ; [BRU, 147]

Larva on Corydalis fimbrillifera, C. onobrychis [BRU]

Parnassius imperator Oberthür, 1883

Tibet, W.China. See [About maps] Parnassius imperator Oberthür, 1883; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1883: lxxvii
?Parnassius imperator supremus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (7) : 50
Parnassius imperator, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Parnassius imperator ; [MRS, 207]

Larva on Corydalis spp. [MRS]

P. i. augustus Fruhstorfer, 1903

Parnassius imperator augustus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (15) : 113
Parnassius imperator augustus ; [MRS, 207]

P. i. irmae (Bryk, 1932)

Parnassius imperator cedermarki

= ; Huang, 2001

Parnassius imperator irmae ; [MRS, 207]; Huang, 2001

P. i. interjungens Bryk

Parnassius imperator interjungens ; [MRS, 207]

P. i. karmapus Weiss & Michel

Parnassius imperator karmapus ; [MRS, 207]

P. i. regulus Bryk & Eisner

Parnassius imperator regulus ; [MRS, 207]

P. i. regina Bryk & Eisner

Parnassius imperator regina ; [MRS, 207]

P. i. gigas Kotsch

Parnassius imperator gigas ; [MRS, 207]

P. i. musageta Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

Parnassius imperator var. musageta Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 446
Parnassius imperator musagetus ; [MRS, 207]

1024x768 (~343Kb) upperside female China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 40km NW of Caka town, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

P. i. rex Bang-Haas

Parnassius imperator rex ; [MRS, 207]

P. i. takashi Ohya

Parnassius imperator takashi ; [MRS, 207]

Parnassius inopinatus Kotzsch, 1940

Afghanistan. See [About maps] inopinatus Kotzsch, 1940; Ent. Z. (Frankf. a. M) 54: 17
Parnassius inopinatus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

15.10.2011 (53)

References:

[A. Timchenko]

Andrew Timchenko; Beijing, China (ex-Moscow, Russia)

[ALBERTA]

University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum; Browse Entomology Collection

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BIR]

Wynter-Blyth, M. A., 1957; Butterflies of the Indian Region; (1982 Reprint)

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOC]

Robert Michael Pyle, 2002; The Butterflies of Cascadia

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[BRU]

Tuzov, Bogdanov, Devyatkin, Kaabak, Korolev, Murzin, Samodurov, Tarasov, 1997; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae; Volume 1

[D. Smirnov]

Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[ESP]

Heppner, 1981; The dates of E. J. C. Esper's Die Schmetterlinge in Abblidungen... 1776-[1830]; Archives of Natural History (1981) 10 (2): 251-254

[H&R]

Higgins, L.G, Riley, N.D, 1970; A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[Hans Degler]

e-mail: Hans Degler

[Ilya Osipov]

The insects from former USSR for collectors Web site; e-mail: Ilya Osipov; http://www.osipov.org/insects/

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[MBE]

Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[Mario Maier]

Europäische Schmetterlinge; e-mail: Mario Maier

[Michael Borsch]

Geesthacht, Germany; contact through; e-mail: Francisco Welter-Schultes

[NAB]

Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NORLEP]

Norges Sommerfugler

[Norbert Kondla]

Canada, BC; e-mail: Norbert Kondla

[Oleg Kosterin]

Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

[Pertti Pakkanen]

e-mail: Pertti Pakkanen; Butterfly and moth observations from Finland

[S. Shuichi Haupt]

e-mail: S. Shuichi Haupt; http://www.tu-berlin.de/fb7/ioeb/biologie/stefan.htm

[SPRK]

Seppänen, E. J, 1970; Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit, Animalia Fennica 14

[SVF]

Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)

[SZMN]

Lepidoptera; Siberian Zoological Museum

[Simon Coombes]

1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk

[Tero Piirainen]

Tampere, Finland; e-mail: Tero Piirainen

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

[²]

This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

Abadjiev, 2002

Types of Balkan butterflies in the collection of The Natural History Museum, London Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 3-53

Alphéraky, 1881

Lépidoptères du district de Kouldjà et des montagnes environnantes. (1-3) Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 16 (3-4): 334-435, pl. 14-15 (1881), 17 (1-2): 15-103, pl. 1-3 (1882), 17 (3-4): 156-227, pl. 8-9 (1883)

Alphéraky, 1887

Diagnoses de quelques lépidoptères inédits du Thibet in Romanoff, Mem. lép. 3 : 403-406

Austaut, 1911

Lépidoptères asiatiques nouveaux Ent. Zs. 24 (44) : 242-244

Avinoff, 1910

[Contribution à la faune des Rhopaloceres du Pamir] (in Russian) Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 39 : 225-246, pl. 14

Avinoff, 1910

[New forms of Rhopalocera from Fergana] (in Russian) Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 39 : 247-250, pl. 14

Avinoff, 1913

[On some new forms of the genus Parnassius] (Russian) Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 40 (5) : 1-21, pl. 2

Avinoff, 1916

Some new forms of Parnassius (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 : 351-360, pl. 52-54

O. Bang-Haas, 1934

Neubeschreibungen und Berichtigungen der Palaearktischen Macrolepidopterenfauna. XIV Ent. Z. Frankf. a. M. 48 (16): 128

Bergmann, 1995

Eine neue Unterart von Parnassius (Koramius) maximinus (Staudinger, 1891) aus Usbekistan Atalanta 26 (1/2): 139-142

Boisduval, 1836

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres. Tome Premier Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 1-690, pl. 1-24

Bremer, 1861

Neue Lepidopteren aus Ost-Sibirien und dem Amur-Lande gesammelt von Radde und Maack, bescrieben von Otto Bremer Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 3: 461-495 [?462-496]

Bremer, 1864

Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere der Amur-Landes, gesammelt von den Herren G. Radde, R. Maack und P. Wulffius Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. (7) 8 (1) : 1-104, 8pls

Bryk, 1921

Neue Parnassiiden Ent. Tidskr. 42 : 112-119, f. 1-13

Bryk, 1932

Parnassiologische Studien aus England Parnassiana 2 (3): 31-33, (4/5): 46-50

Bryk, 1935

Lepidoptera. Parnassiidae pars II Das Tierreich 65: i-li, 1-788

Bryk & Eisner, 1930

Parnassius mnemosyne L. ssp. balcanica (n.) Parnassiana 1 (2): 3-4

Burdick, 1941

A new race of Parnassius smintheus from the Olympic Mountains of Washington (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) Can. Ent. 73 (7): 117-118, 3fgs

Butler, 1866

A list of the diurnal Lepidoptera recently collected by Mr. Whitely in Hakodadi (North Japan) J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 9 (34) : 50-58

Clench & Shoumatoff, 1956

Lepidoptera Rhopalocera (Insecta) from Afghanistan. The 3rd Danish Expedition to Central Asia (Zoological Results 21) Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Forening 118: 141-192, 23 fgs

Doubleday, [1847]

The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29, 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723

Dyar, 1903

New North American Lepidoptera with notes on larvae Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 5 (4) : 290-297

Edwards, 1870

Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera found within the United States Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 10-22

H. Edwards, 1877

Pacific Coast Lepidoptera. - No. 22. Notes on some Diurnal Lepidoptera, with description of new varieties Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 7 : 163-173

H. Edwards, 1881

On two new forms of the genus Parnassius Papilio 1 (1): 2-4

Eisner, 1936

P. mnemosyne subsp. bulgarica (subs. nova) Parnassiana 4 (1-2): 9

Eisner, 1968

Parnassiana nova XLIII. Nachträgliche Betrachtungen zu der Revision der Subfamilie Parnassiinae (Fortsetzung 16) Zool. Meded. 43 (2): 9-17, pl. 1-2

Esper, [1803]

Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I. Die Tagschmetterlinge. Supplement Theil 1. Abschnitt 1 Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (1-2): 1-8, pl. 94 (1789), (3-4): 9-60, pl. 95-101 (1789), (5-6): 61-68, pl. 102-106 (1794), ([7]): [69-88], pl. [107-109] (1798), (8-9): 89-104, pl. 110-112 (1800), (10): 105-120, pl. 113-116 ([1803-1804])

Eversmann, 1843

Quaedam lepidopterorum species novae in montibus Uralensibus et Altaicus habitantes nunc descriptae et depictae Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 16 (3): 535-553, 4pls

Eversmann, 1847

Lepidoptera quaedam nova Rossiae et Sibiriae indigena descripsit et delineavit Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 20 (?2): 66-83, 6 pls.

Eversmann, 1851

Description de quelques nouvelles espéce de Lépidoptéres de la Russie Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 24 (2) : 610-644

Fabricius, 1807

Systema Glossatorum. Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 277-295

C. & R. Felder, [1864]; C. & R. Felder, [1865]

Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 1-136, pl. 1-21 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, [1865]), (2): 137-378, pl. 22-47 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1865), (3): 379-536, pl. 48-74 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1867), (4): 537-548, pl. 75-120, (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-9 (pl. 1-74), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) , (5): pl. 121-140, (erklärung) 1-10 (pl. 75-107), (Inhalts-Vers.) 1-20 (pl. 108-140), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)

de Freina, 1980

Eine neue Unterart von Parnassius nordmanni Nordmann aus Kleinasien (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) NachrBl. bayer Ent. 29: 50-62

Fruhstorfer, 1900

Eine neue Parnassius-Aberration Stettin ent. Ztg 60 (10-12) : 354-355 (April)

Fruhstorfer, 1903

Zwei neue Parnassier Soc. Ent. 18 (7) : 49-50 (1 July)

Fruhstorfer, 1903

Neue Parnassier Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 43-46, pl. 1, f. 1-2 (early October)

Fruhstorfer, 1903

Parnassius epaphus huwei nov. subspec. Stettin ent. Ztg 64 (2) : 360-361 (October)

Fruhstorfer, 1903

Parnassius imperator augustus n. subsp. Soc. Ent. 18 (15) : 113 (1 November)

Fruhstorfer, 1904

Ein neuer Parnassius. Parnassius delphius dolabella nov. subspec. Ent. Zs. 18 (8) : 29-30 (22 May)

Fruhstorfer, 1908

Neue Parnassius-Rassen Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12 (18 April)

Fruhstorfer, 1908

Eine neue Parnassius-Rasse Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 51 (20 June)

Fruhstorfer, 1909

6. Gattung: Parnassius LATR. in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 110-112 (28 August), pl. 50

Fruhstorfer, 1909

Neues über Parnassius apollo Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161 (23 October)

Fruhstorfer, 1917

Neue Rhopaloceren aus der Sammlung Leonhard Archiv Naturg. (A) 82 (2) : 1-28, pl. 1 (January)

Fruhstorfer, 1921

Neue Parnassius apollo-Rassen Ent. Anz. 1 (3): 29-31, f. 1-5 (10 March), (7): 77-80 (10 July), (8): 87-89 (10 August)

Gray, 1831

The Zoological Miscellany Zool. Miscell. (1): [1], 1-40 (1831), (2a): 41-48 (1842), (2b): 49-56 (1842), (2c): 57-72 (1842), (2d): 73-80 (1842), (3): 81-86 (1844)

Gray, 1852; Gray, [1853]

Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionidae. [1853 Jan], "1852" Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): iii + 84pp., 13pls.

Grum-Grshimailo, 1887

Bericht über meine Reise in das östliche Buchara (Correspondez; mit 1 Karte). Nebst Anghang: Dianosen einger neuen Species in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 3 : 357-402

Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

Lepidoptera nova in Asia centrali novissime lecta et descripta Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 445-465

Guppy, 1998

Notes on Parnassius smintheus Doubleday on Vancouver Island J. Lep. Soc. 52 (1): 115-118

Honrath, 1890

Diagnosen von zwei neuen Rhopaloceren Ent. Nachr. 16 (8) : 127

Huang, 1998

Research on the butterflies of the Namjagbarwa Region, S. E. Tibet Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 207-264

Huang, 1998

Five New Butterflies from N. W. Tibet Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 271-283

Hübner, [1819]

Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])

Häuser, 1993

An annotated checklist of the species of the Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Tijdschr. Ent. 136 : 137-146

Kaabak & Lesin, 1994

On two subspecies of Parnassius charltonius Gray, 1853: ssp. anjuta Stshetkin, Kaabak & Stshetkina, 1987 and ssp. ljudmilae Sthsetkin & Kaabak, 1985 Atalanta 25 (1/2): 161-162

Kolar & Rebel, 1934

in Kolar, Parnassius apollo auf dem Olymp. Int. ent. Z. 28 (29): 366-368

Kudrna, 1985

European butterflies named by Hans Fruhstorfer Nachr. ent. Ver. Apollo, Suppl. 5: 1-60

Lederer, 1853

Lepidopterologisches aus Sibirien Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 3 : 351-386, pl. 1-7

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824

Lukhtanov, 1999

Neue Taxa und Synonyma zentalasiatischer Tagfalter Atalanta 30 (1/4): 135-150

Matsumura, 1928

New Butterflies especially from the Kuriles Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4) : 191-201

McDunnough, 1936

A new race of Parnassius smintheus from California Can. ent. 68: 272-274

Ménétriés, 1849

Descriptions des insectes, recueillis par feu Lehmann Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 6 (4): 219-329

Ménétriés, 1855

Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei Imperialis Academiae Scientiarum Petropilitanae. Classis Insectorum, Ordo Lepidopterorum Cat. lep. Petersb. 1: 1-66, pl. 1-6, (supplement) 67-112 (1855), 2: 67-97,99-144, pl. 7-14 (1857), 3: 145-161, pl. 15-18 (1863)

Neumann, 1890

New beauties from near and far Ent. Amer. 6 : 61-64

Niepelt, 1911

Neue paläarktische Macrolepidopteren Int. Ent. Ztg 5 (38): 274-275

Nordmann, 1851

Die im Gebiete der Fauna Taurico-Caucasica beobachteten Schmetterlinge Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 24 (4): 395-428, 6 pls

Oberthür, 1879

Catalogue raisonné des Papilionidae de la Collection de Ch. Oberthür Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 19-102, 107-117 (Appendice), pl. 1-6

Püngeler, 1901

Neue Macrolepidopteren aus Centralasien Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 14 (1) : 171-191, pl. 1-3

Riley, 1923

The Rhopalocera of the Mt. Everest 1921 Expedition Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1922 (3-4) : 461-483, pl. 36-37

Rothschild, 1918

Catalogue of the Parnassiidae in the Tring Museum Novit. Zool. 25 : 218-262

J.J. & J.L. Shchetkin, 1989; J.L. & J.J. Shchetkin, 1989

Two new subspecies of the Pamiro-Alai endemic Parnassius honrathi Stgr. (in Russian) Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 94: 53-55

Sheljuzhko, 1913

Lepidopterologische Notizen Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1) : 13-22

Staudinger, 1889

Centralasiatische Lepidopteren Stettin Ent. Ztg 50 (1-3) : 16-60

Staudinger, 1891

Eine neue Parnassius-Form und swei neue paläarktische Arctia-Arten Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 4 (1) : 158-162

Staudinger, 1898

Einige neue Tagfalterarten und Varietäten Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 10 (2) : 344-360

Bang-Haas in Staudinger & Bang-Haas, 1882; Staudinger in Staudinger & Bang-Haas, 1882

Ueber einige neue Parnassius- und andere Tagfalter-Arten Central-Asiens Berl. ent. Z. 26 (1) : 161-177, pl. 1-2

Niepelt in Strand, 1916

Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer und wenig bekannter Lepidoptera aus der Sammlung W. Niepelt Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2) : 1-26, pl. 13-17

Wyatt, 1961

Additions to the Rhopalocera of Afghanistan with descriptions of new species and subspecies J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 1-18, 3pls

Wyatt, 1969

Eine neue Rasse von Parnassius phoebus L. aus Kanada Z. wien. ent. Ges. 54: 132-133

Yoshino, 1997

New Butterflies from China 2 Neo Lepidoptera 2: 1-8

Ziegler, 1901

In: Sitzungberichte des Entomologischen Vereins in Berlin für das Jahr 1900. 1. Theil. Sitzung vom 22. März Berliner Ent. Zeitschrift 46 (1): (11)-(12)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.