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Life
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Ditrysia
Papilionoidea
Papilionidae
Papilioninae
- Papilio Linnaeus, 1758
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Papilio Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 458, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Pterourus Scopoli, 1777; Introd. Hist. nat.: 433, TS: Papilio troilus Linnaeus
Princeps Hübner, [1807]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pl. [116], TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Amaryssus Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 1816 (1): 60, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Jasoniades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio turnus Linnaeus
Euphoeades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio glaucus Linnaeus
Heraclides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus
Achillides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85, TS: Papilio paris Linnaeus
Orpheides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86 (suppr. ICZN Op. 178 to Princeps Hübner, [1807]), TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Nestorides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86, TS: Papilio gambrisius Cramer
Calaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86, TS: Papilio androgeos Cramer
= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]
Priamides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 87, TS: Priamides hipponous Hübner
= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]
Iliades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88, TS: Papilio memnon Linnaeus
Menelaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 84, TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Troilides Hübner, [1825]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [111], TS: Troilides tros Hübner
= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]
Clytia Swainson, [1833]; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 120 (nec Lamouroux, 1812), TS: Papilio clytia Linnaeus
Thoas Swainson, [1833]; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 121, TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus
= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]
Aernauta Berge, 1842; Schmetterlingsbuch: 19, 106-109, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Caudati Koch, 1860; (unavail.)
Pyrrhosticta Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1: 86, TS: Papilio laetitia Butler
Druryia Aurivillius, 1881; Ent. Tidskr. 2: 44, TS: Papilio antimachus Drury
Chilasa Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 153, TS: Papilio dissimilis Linnaeus
Harimala Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 145, TS: Papilio crino Fabricius
Charus Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 149, TS: Papilio helenus Linnaeus
Sarbaria Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 258, TS: Papilio polyctor Boisduval
Cadugoides Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 260, TS: Papilio agestor Gray
Sainia Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 260, TS: Papilio protenor Cramer
Araminta Moore, 1886; J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. 21 (1): 50, TS: Papilio demolion Cramer
Euploeopsis de Nicéville, 1886; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (2) 55 (5): 433, TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Menamopsis de Nicéville, 1887; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1887: 433, TS: Papilio tavoyanus Butler
Pangeranopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1886; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 55 (4): 374, TS: Papilio elephenor Doubleday
Panosmiopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1886; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 55 (4): 374, TS: Papilio rhetenor Westwood
Isamiopsis Moore, 1888; Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson (3): 284, TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Tamera Moore, 1888; Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson (3): 284, TS: Papilio castor Westwood
Achivus Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 286, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Eques Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 290 (nec Bloch, 1793), TS: Papilio nireus Linnaeus
Icarus Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 186 (nec Forbes, 1844), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Melindopsis Aurivillius, 1898; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5) : 461, TS: Papilio rex Oberthür
Iterus Donitz, 1899; Berl. ent. Z. 44, SitzBer.: (22), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Sadengia Moore, [1902]; Lepidoptera Indica, 5 (59): 213, TS: Papilio nephelus Boisduval
Heterocreon Kirby, [1904]; in Hübner, Samml. exot. Schmett. (Wytsman's facsim.), Additional Notes: 101, TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Mimbyasa Evans, 1912; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (3): 972, TS: Papilio janaka Moore
Agehana Matsumura, 1936; Insecta Matsumurana, 10 (3): 86, TS: Papilio maraho Shiraki & Sonan
Eleppone Hancock, 1979
Motasiona Niculescu, 1979
Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983; Smithersia 2: 35, TS: Papilio xuthus Linnaeus
Papilio [Wahlberg]
Chares ; Swinhoe, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885 (1): 145 (missp. of Charus)
Priamedes ; Grote, 1899, Proc. amer. phil. Soc. 38: 26 (missp. of Priamides Hübner, [1819])
Caliades ; dos Passos, 1964, (missp. [? of Calaides])
Papilio ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 233
Druryeia ; [EBW, (missp.)]
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Chilasa (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
Achillides (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
Papilio (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
Menelaides (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Heraclides (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 94]
Pterourus (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 96]
Papilio (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 96]; [AfrL]
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![[sp-1.jpg]](_sp-1.jpg)
800x657 (~158Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, August, 2002), Photo © Erich Mangl
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The exact identification of this species is still unknown,
but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.
Subgenus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758
Papilio Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 458, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Amaryssus Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 1816 (1): 60, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Aernauta Berge, 1842; Schmetterlingsbuch: 19, 106-109, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Achivus Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 286, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Papilio [Wahlberg]
Papilio (Papilionidi) ; [NL4A, 96]
Papilio (Papilio) ; [AfrL]
The machaon species-group
EU, NAF, Temperate Asia, NA. See [About maps]
Ritariperhonen
Makaonfjäril
Riddarfjäril
Schwalbenschwanz
Swallowtail
Common Yellow Swallowtail
Old World Swallowtail
Artemisia Swallowtail
Le Grand Porte-queue
Makaon
Paź królowej
Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 462, TL: Sweden
Papilio machaon [Wahlberg]
Papilio machaon [BAMONA]
Papilio machaon [Kimmo Silvonen]
Papilio machaon [NORLEP]
Papilio machaon [Ilya Osipov]
Papilio machaon [Mario Maier]
Papilio machaon [Simon Coombes]
Papilio machaon ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 272; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [BIR, 395]; [BRU, 149]; [H&R, 35]; [BOR, 60]; [NACL, #4166]; [NAB, 333]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 5]; [MRS, 159]; [BNA: 164, pl. 7]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #121]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Papilio (Papilio) machaon ; [AfrL]
![[machaon-1u.jpg]](_machaon-1u.jpg)
500x345 (~52Kb) upperside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes
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![[machaon-1v.jpg]](_machaon-1v.jpg)
500x377 (~38Kb) underside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes
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![[machaon-2u.jpg]](_machaon-2u.jpg)
600x429 (~75Kb) upperside Finland, Konnevesi, June 1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen
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![[machaon-3l.jpg]](_machaon-3l.jpg)
358x480 (~21Kb) larva Northern Poland, Biebrza river, 20.8.1996, Photo © Marek Michalski
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![[machaon-4l.jpg]](_machaon-4l.jpg)
500x750 (~31Kb) larva Finland, Sotkamo, Kontinjoki 711:54, 21.7.1997, Photo © Tero Piirainen
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![[machaon-5l.jpg]](_machaon-5l.jpg)
1047x773 (~55Kb) larva Asamushi, Aomori, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
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![[machaon-6l.jpg]](_machaon-6l.jpg)
596x400 (~47Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
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![[machaon-6mf.jpg]](_machaon-6mf.jpg)
475x523 (~116Kb) male female (copulation) The steppe-meadow top of the hill Sopka Lysaya of the hill chain called Bugotakskie Sopki, Toguchin District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. Flat and woody surroundings are seen. 12th June 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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![[machaon-6p.jpg]](_machaon-6p.jpg)
596x400 (~36Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
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![[machaon-6u.jpg]](_machaon-6u.jpg)
596x400 (~42Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
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![[machaon-7l.jpg]](_machaon-7l.jpg)
750x507 (~40Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
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![[machaon-8l.jpg]](_machaon-8l.jpg)
750x504 (~38Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
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![[machaon-9u.jpg]](_machaon-9u.jpg)
750x495 (~71Kb) upperside Sipoo 670:40, ex.l. 17.6.1981, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
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![[machaon-a1f.jpg]](_machaon-a1f.jpg)
900x1242 (~202Kb) female Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
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![[machaon-a2l.jpg]](_machaon-a2l.jpg)
1000x1406 (~159Kb) larva Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 8.8.2004 (on Cichorium intybus), Photo © Markku Savela
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![[machaon-a3p.jpg]](_machaon-a3p.jpg)
800x600 (~154Kb) pupa Poland: Podkarpacie - Region, Zalesie Antoniowskie, 15.8.2005, Photo © Jaroslaw Bury
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![[machaon-a4.jpg]](_machaon-a4.jpg)
1200x987 (~128Kb) Japan: Lake Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, 22.08.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant
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Larva on
Umbelliferae,
Cicuta virosa,
Carum carvi,
Pimpinella saxifraga,
Aegopodium podagraria,
Anethum graveolens,
Angelica silvestris,
A. archangelica,
Levisticum officinale,
Peucedanum palustre,
Pastinaca sativa,
Heracleum sphondylium,
Daucus carota [SPRK],
Daucus spp.,
Foeniculum vulgare,
Heracleum spp. [MRS]
C.Europe
Papilio machaon var. marginalis Robbe, 1891; C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg.: 395, TL: Belgium
Papilio machaon ab. nigrofasciata Rothke, 1895; Stett. Ent. Z. 55: 303, TL: Crefeld
Papilio machaon ab. niger Heyne, [1895]; in Rühl, Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte 1 (Tagfalter): 694
Papilio machaon var. aurantiaca Speyer, 1858; Geogr. Verbr. Schmett.: 278
Papilio machaon ab. marginalis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
Papilio machaon ab. nigrofasciatus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
Papilio machaon ab. niger ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
Papilio machaon ab. gen. aest. aurantiacus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
Papilio machaon var. asiatica Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 70 (1857)
= Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
Papilio machaon asiaticus ; [MRS, 159]
Japan
Papilio hippocrates C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 314, 362, TL: Japan
Papilio machaon var. micado Pagenstecher, 1875; Verh. Nat. Ver. Heidelberg: 98 [? or 48]
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276
Papilio machaon hippocrates ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276; [Oleg Kosterin]
![[hippocrates-1.jpg]](_hippocrates-1.jpg)
806x618 (~77Kb) A grassy bank pond, Dragonfly Biotope Ponds, Hiraoka, Ikazaki-cho, Ehime-ken, Shikoku-Chiho, Japan. 7th August 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Nevada - Kansas, Arizona, Colorado
Western Black Swallowtail
Papilio bairdii Edwards, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (4): 200, TL: Fort Whipple, nr. Prescott, Arizona
Papilio asterius var. utahensis Strecker, [1878]; , TL: Utah
Papilio hollandii Edwards, 1892; Can. Ent. 24: 50, TL: Colorado
Papilio machaon bairdii [ILMB]
Papilio machaon bairdii [BOA]
Papilio machaon bairdii ; [NL4A, #121a]
Papilio bairdii hollandii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio bairdii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4164]; [NAB, 331]
Papilio bairdi ; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 11 (text only)]
Papilio machaon bairdii ; [BNA, 168]; [Bernard Rond]
Larva on
Artemisia dracunculus [BNA],
Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68
Chukot Peninsula, Alaska - N.British Columbia
machaon aliaska Scudder, 1869; Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 12: 45
joannisi Verity, 1905
Papilio machaon petersii Clark, 1932; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 81 (11): (1-15)
Papilio machaon aliaska [BOA]
Papilio machaon aliaska ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4166a]; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]
Larva on
Artemisia norvegica ssp. arctica,
Heracleum lanatum [BNA]
S.British Columbia - Oregon, Idaho
Oregon Swallowtail
Papilio oregonia Edwards, 1876; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 5: 208, TL: Columbia River, nr. The Dalles
Papilio machaon Hagen, 1882, not Linnaeus, 1758
?Papilio bairdii oregonia ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio bairdii oregonius ;
Papilio oregonius ; [NACL, #4165]; [NAB, 332]; [BOC, 117]
Papilio machaon oregonius ; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]
Larva on
Artemisia dracunculus [BNA]
E.Pamirs
Papilio ladakensis Moore, 1886; J. asiat. Soc. Beng.: 46
= Papilio machaon asiaticus ; [MRS]
Papilio machaon sphyrus ab. ladakensis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
Tibet
Papilio sikkimensis Moore, 1884; J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 53 (1): 47
Papilio machaon sikkimensis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276; Huang, 2001; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)
![[sikkimensis-1fu.jpg]](_sikkimensis-1fu.jpg)
1024x768 (~124Kb) upperside female China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko
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Turan, W.Tian-Shan, Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Pamirs
Papilio machaon var. centralis Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (7-9): 193
Alberta, Saskatchewan - Nebraska, Utah
Papilio brucei Edwards, 1893; Can. Ent. 25: 253, TL: nom. nud?
Papilio brucei Edwards, 1895; , TL: Colorado
= Papilio machaon bairdii ; [NL4A, #121a]
Papilio machaon[?] dodi McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71: ? (216-217), TL: Red Deer River, Gleichen, MT
Papilio baidii brucei ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio bairdii dodi ;
Papilio oregonius dodi ; [NACL, #4165a]; [BOC, 117]
Papilio machaon brucei ; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]
Larva on
Artemisia dracunculus,
Petasites frigidus var. palmatus [BNA]
W.Sichuan, SW.Gansu, E.Qinghai, NW.Yunnan
Papilio machaon montanus Alphéraky, 1897; , TL: Ta-tsien-lu
Papilio machaon alpherakyi Bang-Haas, 1933; , TL: Gansu
Papilio machaon minschani Bang-Haas; (nom. nud.)
Papilio machaon chinensomandschuriensis Eller, 1939; (nom. nud.)
Papilio machaon hieromax Hemming, 1934; (unnec. repl. Papilio machaon montanus Alphéraky, 1897)
Papilio machaon montanus ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)
N.Africa
Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity, 1905; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 12, pl. 2, f. 5, TL: Algeria
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Blachier, 1908; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 77 (2): 209, TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 92, TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. caerulescens Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 139, f. 5, TL: Harrach, Algeria
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. djezïrensis Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 140, TL: Algeria
Papilio sphyrus Hübner, [1823]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 155 (1822-1823), f. 775-776
Papilio machaon machaon maxima Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1 (suppl.): 296, pl. 52, f. 2, TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon maxima gen.aest. angulata Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1 (suppl.): 296, pl. 60, f. 14, TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon f. chrysostoma Chnéour, 1934; Ent. Z. Frankf. a. M. 48: 41, f. 1, TL: Tunisia
Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
Papilio machaon mauretanica ; [BMAT, 3, pl. 1, f. 1-2]
![[mauretanica-1l.jpg]](_mauretanica-1l.jpg)
600x435 (~47Kb) larva Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
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![[mauretanica-2l.jpg]](_mauretanica-2l.jpg)
435x600 (~37Kb) larva Morocco, Siroua, Anti-Atlas , Photo © Michel Tarrier
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![[mauretanica-3u.jpg]](_mauretanica-3u.jpg)
600x435 (~39Kb) upperside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre
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![[mauretanica-4v.jpg]](_mauretanica-4v.jpg)
600x435 (~41Kb) underside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
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![[mauretanica-5mf.jpg]](_mauretanica-5mf.jpg)
600x435 (~42Kb) male female Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
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Larva on
Haplophyllum tuberculatum,
Bupleurum fruticescens,
Daucus carota,
Seseli varium,
Ruta graveolens,
Ruta chalepensis,
Foeniculum vulgare,
Ferula communis,
Dictamnus sp.,
Artemisia sp. [BMAT]
S.Sichuan
Papilio machaon archias Fruhstorfer, 1907; , TL: Sichuan, Fou-Lin
Papilio machaon archias ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)
S.Shan States
Papilio machaon birmanicus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 168, TL: Shan States
Papilio machaon birmanicus ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (ntoe)
Papilio machaon neochinensis ; [MRS, 159]
Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia, Amur (north), Far East
Kurile Islands
Papilio machaon chishimana Matsumura, 1928
S.Europe, Urals, Caucasus Major
Caucasus Minor, Armenia, Talysh Mts
Papilio machaon syriaca[?] Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 12
Papilio (Papilio) machaon syriacus ; [AfrL]
N.Yunnan
Papilio machaon taliensis Eller, 1939; , TL: Dali
Papilio machaon taliensis ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)
W.Sichuan
Papilio machaon kunkalaschani ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)
Manipur, Assam, NE.India
Papilio machaon suroia ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)
S.Arabia
Papilio machaon muetingi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26: 74
Papilio (Papilio) machaon muetingi ; [AfrL]
Sichuan, ...?
Papilio machaon chinensis Verity, 1905; , TL: Sichuan, Venchuan
Papilio machaon venchuanus Moonen
?Papilio machaon schantungensis Eller, 1936; , TL: Tsingtau
Papilio machaon venchuanus ; [MRS, 159]
Papilio machaon chinensis ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)
Papilio machaon annae ; [MRS, 159]
Papilio machaon baijangenis ; [MRS, 159]
N.Africa, Arabia. See [About maps]
Papilio machaon var. saharae Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 68, TL: Laghouat, Algeria
= Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
Papilio machaon var. hospitonides Oberthür, 1888; Étud. d'Ent. 12 : 21 (larva), TL: Biskra, Algeria
= Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
Papilio machaon saharae f. xanthosoma Turati, 1924; Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 63: 27, pl. 1, f. 1, TL: Bengazi, Libya
Papilio (Papilio) saharae ; [AfrL]
![[saharae-1l.jpg]](_saharae-1l.jpg)
600x435 (~16Kb) larva Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
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![[saharae-2u.jpg]](_saharae-2u.jpg)
600x435 (~41Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
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Larva on
Deverra scopularia,
D. chloranthus,
D. tortuosus,
Seseli varium [BMAT]
Larva on
(Saudi Arabia) Ferula sinaica,
Pycnocycla glauca [BMAT]
Papilio saharae saharae ; [BMAT: 3, pl. 1, f. 3-5, 10]
Yemen, SW.Saudi-Arabia
Papilio saharae rathjensi Warnecke, 1932; Int. ent. Zs. 25: 473, TL: Yemen
Papilio (Papilio) saharae rathjensi ; [AfrL]
Corsica, Sardinia. See [About maps]
Corsican Swallowtail
Papilio hospiton Géné, 1839; Mem. Acad. Torin.: 43, pl. 2, f. 20-21, TL: Tortoli, Sardinia
Papilio hospiton ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277; [H&R, 35]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Larva on
Umbelliferae,
Foeniculum vulgare [H&R]
SEU, Asia Minor, S.Balkans, W.Asia, Iran, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan. See [About maps]
Southern Swallowtail
Baluchi Yellow Swallowtail
Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800; Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (8-9): 89, pl. 110, f. 1, TL: Nice, France
Papilio polidamas Prunner, 1798; Lepidopt. Pedemont. Suppl.: 69
Papilio alexanor [Ilya Osipov]
Papilio polidamas ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277
Papilio alexanor ; [BIR, 396]; [BRU, 150]; [H&R, 36]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 4]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Larva on
Umbelliferae,
Trinia vulgaris,
Seseli montanum,
Ptychotis heterophylla [H&R],
Falcaria vulgaris,
Seseli libanotis,
Torilis heterophylla,
Ferula karategina,
F. ugamica [BRU]
Papilio alexanor alexanor ; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): pl. XVII, f. 3a
Armenia
Papilio alexanor var. orientalis Romanoff, 1884; in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid. 1 : 41, pl. 5, f. 1, TL: SE.Caucasus
Papilio polidamas orientalis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277
Asia Minor, Palestine, Transcaucasia
Papilio alexanor var. judaeus Staudinger, 1894; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 6 (2) : 369 (repl. Papilio alexanor var. maccabaeus Staudinger, 1891), TL: Jerusalem
Papilio alexanor var. maccabaeus Staudinger, 1891; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 4 (2) : 224 (1892) (preocc.), TL: Jerusalem
Papilio polidamas orientalis ab. maccabaeus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 278
Kopet-Dagh, S.Ghissar
Papilio alexanor hazarajatica Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 2, TL: Joshanak Valley, S. of Band-iAmir, W. Koh-i-Baba Mts., 9500ft
Papilio alexanor destelensis Nel & Chauliac, 1983; Alexanor 13: (16-20)
Papilio alexanor destelensis ; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75 (note), pl. XVII, f. 3c
Papilio alexanor radighierii Sala & Bollino, 1991; Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75, pl. XVII, f. 1-2, 3b, 4, TL: Piemonte, Valdieri
Larva on
Trinia glauca Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 77
-. See [About maps]
Indra Swallowtail
Short-tailed Black Swallowtail
Cliff Swallowtail
Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6: 123, TL: Pike's Peak, Colorado
Papilio indra indra [BOA]
Papilio indra [BAMONA]
Papilio indra ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4168]; [NAB, 335]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 7]; [BNA: 175, pl. 7, 8]; [BOC, 120]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #120]
![[indra-1.jpg]](_indra-1.jpg)
700x597 (~57Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
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![[indra-2.jpg]](_indra-2.jpg)
700x739 (~92Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
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Larva on
Cymopterus purpurea,
C. panamintensis var. acutifolius,
Aletes acaulis,
Harbouria trachypleura,
Lomatium lucidum,
L. parryi,
L. nuttallii,
L. eastwoodi,
L. marginatum,
L. scabrum,
L. latilobum,
L. junceum,
L. grayi,
L. triternatum,
L. dissectum var. multifidum,
Pteryxia hendersonii,
P. petraea,
P. terebinthina var. californica,
Tauschia parishii,
T. arguta,
less Thamnosma montana [BNA],
Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68
California
Papilio indra pygmaeus Emmel, Emmel & Griffin,1998; , TL: Dead Mountains in San Bernardino, California
Utah
Papilio indra bonnevillensis Whaley, ?2000; , TL: Utah
S.Labrador, Newfoundland. See [About maps]
Short-tailed Swallowtail
Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1869; Packard's Guide Ins.: 245
Papilio asterius Gosse, 1840; (not Stoll, 1782)
Papilio anticostiensis Strecker, 1873
Papilio medicandus Bryk, 1930
Papilio brevicauda brevicauda [BOA]
Papilio brevicauda [BAMONA]
Papilio brevicauda ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4162]; [NAB, 330]; [BNA: 174, pl. 7]; [Opler]
Larva on
Ligusticum scothicum,
Coelopleurum lucidum,
Heracleum lanatum,
Angelica atropurpurea,
Pastinaca sativa,
Conioselinum chinense,
Daucus carota var. sativus,
Petroselinum crispum,
Apium graveolens,
Dictamnus albus? [BNA]
Papilio brevicauda bretonensis McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71: ? (153-158), TL: ?Cape Breton I.
Papilio brevicauda bretonensis ; [NACL, #4162b]
-. See [About maps]
Black Swallowtail
Eastern Black Swallowtail
American Swallowtail
Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 444, TL: America
asterioides Eimer, 1895, not Reakirt, 1866
?amplicata Ménétriés, 1857; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 99
Papilio polyxenes [BAMONA]
Papilio polyxenes [GALEPS]
?Papilio polyxenes amplicata ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Papilio polyxenes ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 242; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 730; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4; [NACL, #4150]; [NAB, 327]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 11]; [BNA: 171, pl. 6-8]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #122]
![[polyxenes-1.jpg]](_polyxenes-1.jpg)
700x534 (~118Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela
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![[polyxenes-2mu.jpg]](_polyxenes-2mu.jpg)
1200x830 (~122Kb) upperside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny
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![[polyxenes-2mv.jpg]](_polyxenes-2mv.jpg)
1000x875 (~94Kb) underside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny
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![[polyxenes-3fu.jpg]](_polyxenes-3fu.jpg)
1400x1050 (~238Kb) upperside female USA: Alabama, 8.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny
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![[polyxenes-4fv.jpg]](_polyxenes-4fv.jpg)
900x971 (~120Kb) underside female USA: Alabama, 14.8.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny
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![[polyxenes-5la.jpg]](_polyxenes-5la.jpg)
1500x996 (~170Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
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![[polyxenes-5lb.jpg]](_polyxenes-5lb.jpg)
1400x930 (~431Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
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![[polyxenes-6.jpg]](_polyxenes-6.jpg)
1000x1258 (~118Kb) USA: Alabama, 20.5.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny
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Larva on
Daucus carota,
Apiaceae,
Rutaceae,
Ruta graveolens,
Thamnosma texana [NAB]
Larva on
Apium leptophyllum,
Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]
Cuba
Papilio philoxenes ; Holland, 1927, (missp.)
Papilio polyxenes polyxenes ; [NL4A, #122a]; [Bernard Rond]
E.USA, S.USA, Mexico - Nicaragua
Papilio asterius Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): pl. 385, f. C, D
Papilio ajax Linnaeus, 1758; (part, rej. name ICZN Op. 286)
troilus Drury, 1773, not Linnaeus, 1758
Papilio asterius var. ampliata Ménétriés, 1857; , TL: N.Amer.
Papilio calverleyi Grote, 1864; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., 2: 441, TL: New York
Papilio asterioides Reakirt, [1867]; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 331, TL: Mexico
Papilio asterias[sic] var. viridis Cockerell, 1889
Papilio asterias[sic] var. alunata Skinner & Aaron, 1889; Can. Ent. 21: 127, TL: Pennsylvania
Papilio mediocauda Eimer, 1895; , TL: "Canada?"
Papilio asterias[sic] var. semi-alba Ehrmann, 1900; Canad. Ent. 32: 348, TL: Pennsylvania
Papilio polyxenes var. curvifascia Skinner, 1902; Entomol. News 13: 183, TL: New Mexico
Papilio asterias[sic] ab. ehrmanni Ehrmann, 1925; , TL: Pennsylvania
Papilio asterius ab. gertrudis Kruck, 1931; , TL: Mexico, Oaxaca
Papilio polyxenes ab. forsythae Wood, 1937; , TL: Florida
Papilio gracehus Fabricius, 1938; , TL: Pennsylvania
Papilio ajax f. pseudoamericus Brown, [1943]; , TL: Illinois
f. subamplicata Dufrane, 1946; , TL: Pennsylvania
astyanax Scudder, 1898, not Fabricius, 1793
streckeri Holland, 1927
stabilis dos Passos, 1964, not Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
Papilio joanae Heitzman, 1973; J. Res. Lepid. 12 (1): (1-10)
Papilio polyxenes asterius [ILMB]
Papilio polyxenes asterius [BOA]
Papilio joanae [BAMONA]
Papilio polyxenes asterius [Bruce Walsh]
asterias ; Fabricius, 1787, (missp.)
alunatus ;
mediocanda ; Eimer, 1895, (incorr. orig. spell.)
Papilio polyxenes asterius ; [NL4A, #122c]
Papilio joanae ; [NACL, #4160]; [Opler]
Papilio polyxenes calverleyii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
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Papilio polyxenes alunata ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Papilio polyxenes semialba ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Papilio polyxenes curvifascia ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Papilio polyxenes asterius ; [NACL, #4150a]; [Bernard Rond]
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Larva on
Angelia ampla,
A. atropurpurea,
A. venenosa,
Anethum graveolens,
Apium graveolens,
Conium maculatum,
Daucus pusillus,
D. carota,
Daucus carota var. sativus,
Cryptotaenia canadensis,
Foeniculum vulgare,
Harbouria trachypleura,
Heracleum lanatum,
Levisticum officinale,
Ligusticum scothicum,
Berula erecta,
Osmorhiza longistylis,
Oxypolis canbyi,
Pastinaca sativa,
Petroselinum crispum,
Ptilimnium capillaceum,
Carum carvi,
Cicuta maculata,
C. bulbifera,
Cicuta douglasii,
Sium suave,
Spermolepis divaricata,
Taenidia integerrima,
Thaspium barbinode,
Thamnosma texana,
Ruta graveolens,
Dictamnus albus [BNA],
Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68,
Oxypolis rigidior Williams, 2003, J. Lep. Soc. 57 (2): 149-150
Larva on
(for _joanae_) Taenidia integerrima,
Thaspium barbinode,
Zizia aurea [BNA]
SE.California, W.Arizona
Desert Swallowtail
Papilio coloro Wright, 1905; , TL: California
Papilio bairdii f. rudkini Comstock, 1935; , TL: California
Papilio rudkini f. clarki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; , TL: California
Papilio rudkini f. comstocki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; , TL: California
Papilio polyxenes coloro [ILMB]
Papilio polyxenes coloro [BOA]
Papilio polyxenes coloro [Bruce Walsh]
Papilio rudkini ; [NACL, #4161]; [NAB, 329]
Papilio polyxenes coloro ; [BNA, 172]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122d]
Larva on
Daucus carota,
Foeniculum vulgare,
Petroselinum crispum,
Cymopterus panamintensis var. acutifolius,
Tauschia parishii,
T. arguta,
Thamnosma monana,
Ruta graveolens [BNA]
Costa Rica - Panama
Papilio polyxenes stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13: (411-752) , TL: Costa Rica
Papilio asterius ab. streckeri Holland, 1927; , TL: Costa Rica
Papilio polyxenes stabilis ; [BCR: 71, pl. 4, f. 7]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122g]
Larva on
Apium leptophyllum,
Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]
Colombia - Peru
Papilio americus Kollar, [1849]; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1: 354, TL: Colombia
f. melasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; , TL: Colombia
Papilio americus ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 243, 3: pl. 72, f. 8; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3 (missid.?)
Papilio polyxenes americus ; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122b]
Peru
Papilio polyxenes gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002; Lambillionea 102 (2): 152, f. 1-2, TL: Peru, Cajamarca, road Celendín pass, ~(6°51'S 78°05'W), 1800-2500m
Papilio polyxenes gerardi ; [NL4A, #122e]
Ecuador
polyxenes sadalus Lucas, 1852; , TL: Ecuador, Quito
Papilio sardalus Becker, 1851; (nom. nud.), TL: Ecuador
Papilio polyxenes sadalus ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #122f]
Pacific Coast, British Columbia - Baja California. See [About maps]
Anise Swallowtail
Western Swallowtail
Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852; Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (3): 136, TL: San Francisco, California
Papilio zolicaon ab. impunctata Fischer, 1908
Papilio zolicaon ab. formosa Fischer, 1908
Papilio zolicaon ab. melanotaenia Fischer, 1908; , TL: ?
Papilio zelicaon tr.f. mcdunnoughi Gunder, 1928
Papilio macdunnoughi dos Passos, 1964; (emend.)
Papilio zelicaon [ALBERTA]
Papilio zelicaon [ILMB]
Papilio zelicaon [BOA]
Papilio zelicaon [BAMONA]
Papilio zolicaon ; Boisduval, 1852, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 281 (missp.)
Papilio formosus ;
Papilio zelicayn ; Skinner, 1898, (missp.)
Papilio zolicaon ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio zelicaon ; [NACL, #4167]; [NAB, 334]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 14]; [BNA: 170, pl. 7]; [Bernard Rond]; [BOC, 118]; [Opler]
Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]
![[zelicaon-1v.jpg]](_zelicaon-1v.jpg)
1047x773 (~62Kb) underside Minto Island, Salem, Oregon, USA, 8-91, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
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![[zelicaon-2.jpg]](_zelicaon-2.jpg)
800x593 (~93Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
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![[zelicaon-3.jpg]](_zelicaon-3.jpg)
700x535 (~85Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
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Larva on
Anthum graveolens,
Angelica ampla,
A. arguta,
A. hendersonii,
A. kingii,
A. lineariloba,
A. tomentosa,
A. lucida,
Apium graveolens,
Cicuta maculata,
Conioselinum scopulorum,
Daucus carota,
D. pusillus,
Conium maculatum,
Carum carvi,
Foeniculum vulgare,
Harbouria trachypleura,
Heracleum lanatum,
H. sphondylium,
Heracleum sphondylium ssp. montanum,
Ligusticum porteri,
L. grayi,
Lomatium nuttallii,
L. californicum,
L. dasycarpum,
L. urticulatum,
L. parryi,
L. grayi,
L. triternatum,
L. marginatum,
L. martindalei?,
L. dissectum var. multifidum,
Oenanthe sarmentosa,
Zizia aptera,
Pseudocymopterus montanus,
Pimpinella,
Petroselinum crispum,
Pteryxia hendersoni,
P. petraea,
P. terebinthina var. californica,
Pastinaca sativa,
Perideridia bolanderi,
P. gairdneri,
P. kelloggii,
Sphenosciadium capitellatum,
Tauschia arguta,
T. parishii,
Citrus sinensis,
C. limon,
Ruta graveolens [BNA]
Papilio machaon var. californica Ménétriés, 1855; , TL: California
= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]
Papilio nitra Edwards, 1883; Papilio 3 (7-10) : 158, 162, TL: Montana
= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]
Papilio gothica Remington, 1968; , TL: Colorado
= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]
Papilio indra nitra ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio zelicaon nitra ; [NACL, #4167a]
Larva on
Anthum graveolens,
Angelica ampla,
Harbouria trachypleura,
Heracleum lanatum,
Zizia aptera,
Lomatium nuttallii [BNA],
Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68
The xuthus species-group
sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983
E.China - Taiwan, Korea, Ussuri, Amur, Japan, Hawaii. See [About maps]
Asian Swallowtail
Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 751 corrigenda, TL: Kanton, China
Papilio xanthus Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 751 (missp. in some editions?)
Papilio xuthulus Bremer, 1861; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 3: 463
Papilio xuthulinus Murray, 1874; Ent. Mon. Mag. 11: 166, TL: Yokohama
Sinoprinceps xuthus [SZMN]
Papilio xuthus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio xuthus [Ilya Osipov]
Sinoprinceps xuthus ;
Papilio xanthus ab. gen. vern. xuthulus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio xanthus ab. gen. aest. xanthus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio xanthus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 278
Papilio xuthus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. zool. 2 (4): 503; [BOR, 60]; [MRS, 157]; [BNA: 164, pl. 63]; [Bernard Rond]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
![[xuthus-1v.jpg]](_xuthus-1v.jpg)
1047x773 (~50Kb) underside Yonahadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
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![[xuthus-2.jpg]](_xuthus-2.jpg)
900x530 (~67Kb) Dragonfly Station, Gurye County, Jeonnam Province, S Korea, 28th July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Larva on
Phellodendron amurensis [BRU],
Poncirus trifoliata,
Zanthoxylum sp.,
Citrus sp.,
Euodia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
Taiwan
?Papilio xanthus koxinga Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46 (13 June), TL: Formosa
Papilio xuthus koxingus ; [MRS, 157]
Larva on
Poncirus trifoliata,
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides,
Z. nitidum,
Citrus spp.,
Evodia ruaecarpa [MRS]
Papilio xuthus neoxuthus ; [MRS, 157]
Philippines (N.Luzon, ...)
benguelana Joicey & Talbot, 1923; The Entomologist 56: 273 (spell.?)
?benguetana Joicey & Talbot, 1929
Papilio benguelana ; [BOR, 60]
?Papilio xuthus benguetanus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 43, f. 1-4
Subgenus Princeps Hübner, [1807]
Princeps Hübner, [1807]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pl. [116], TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Menelaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 84, TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Achillides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85, TS: Papilio paris Linnaeus
Orpheides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86 (suppr. ICZN Op. 178 to Princeps Hübner, [1807]), TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Nestorides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86, TS: Papilio gambrisius Cramer
Iliades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88, TS: Papilio memnon Linnaeus
Harimala Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 145, TS: Papilio crino Fabricius
Charus Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 149, TS: Papilio helenus Linnaeus
Druryia Aurivillius, 1881; Ent. Tidskr. 2: 44, TS: Papilio antimachus Drury
Sarbaria Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 258, TS: Papilio polyctor Boisduval
Sainia Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 260, TS: Papilio protenor Cramer
Araminta Moore, 1886; J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. 21 (1): 50, TS: Papilio demolion Cramer
Pangeranopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1886; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 55 (4): 374, TS: Papilio elephenor Doubleday
Tamera Moore, 1888; Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson (3): 284, TS: Papilio castor Westwood
Eques Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 290 (preocc. Bloch, 1793), TS: Papilio nireus Linnaeus
Icarus Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 186 (preocc. Forbes, 1844), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Melindopsis Aurivillius, 1898; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5) : 461, TS: Papilio rex Oberthür
Iterus Donitz, 1899; Berl. ent. Z. 44, SitzBer.: (22) (repl. Icarus Röber, 1898), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Sadengia Moore, [1902]; Lepidoptera Indica, 5 (59): 213, TS: Papilio nephelus Boisduval
Mimbyasa Evans, 1912; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (3): 972, TS: Papilio janaka Moore
Princeps (Papilio) ; [AfrL]
The antimachus species-group
antimachus ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Giant African swallowtail
Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3: index & 1, pl. 1, TL: Sierra Leon
Druryia antimachus ;
Druryeia antimachus ; [EBW]
Papilio antimachus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 21]; [BAFR, 6]
Papilio (Princeps) antimachus ; [AfrL]
![[antimachus-1u.jpg]](_antimachus-1u.jpg)
800x573 (~110Kb) upperside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov
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![[antimachus-1v.jpg]](_antimachus-1v.jpg)
800x568 (~116Kb) underside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov
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Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, W.Congo Republic, S.Sudan, N.Angola
Drurya[sic] antimachus var. gigantea Watkins, 1899; Ent. mon. Mag. 35: 109, TL: Gabon
Druryia antimachus ab. plagiata Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20: 165, TL: Cameroon
Papilio antimachus f. parvus Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 232, TL: Sierra Leone
Papilio antimachus f. karschi Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 233, TL: Togo
Papilio antimachus f. rothschildiana Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 234
Papilio antimachus f. staudingeri Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 234, TL: Gabon
Papilio antimachus f. centrispila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924: 372, TL: Cameroon
Papilio antimachus f. melanescens Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924: 372, TL: Congo
Papilio antimachus congolanus Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. pupillata Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. obsoleta Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. virgularia Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio antimachus coffea Talbot, 1936; Entomologist 69: 112, TL: Ivory Coast
Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. burgeoni Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio (Princeps) antimachus antimachus ; [AfrL]
E.Congo Republic, Uganda
Papilo antimachus parva Jackson, 1956; Jl E Africa Nat. Hist. Soc. 23: 72, TL: Uganda, Kigezi, Kanyonza
Papilio (Princeps) antimachus parva ; [AfrL]
The zalmoxis species-group
zalmoxis ; [AfrL]
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, ?Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, Angola, Congo Congo, S.Sudan, Uganda. See [About maps]
Giant blue swallowtail
Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, [1864]; Ill. exot. Butts 3 (49): [2], pl. [1], f. 18, TL: Nigeria, Calabar
Icarus zalmoxis f. sufferti Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 186
Icarus zalmoxis f. ripponi Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 186, TL: Calabara, Congo, ...
Papilio zalmozis ab. cinereus Schultze, 1913; Archiv. Naturgesch. 79 (A) 7: 4, TL: Cameroon
Druryia zalmoxis ;
Iterus zalmoxis ; [EBW]
Papilio zalmoxis ; [BOW: pl. 91, f. 2]; [BAFR, 4]
Papilio (Princeps) zalmoxis ; [AfrL]
The nireus species-group
nireus ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Narrowly green-banded swallowtail
Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 464
Papilio nireus [Wahlberg]
Druryia nireus ;
Papilio nireus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 17]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Calodenderum capense,
Citrus spp.,
Clausena anisata,
C. spp.,
Fagara macrophylla,
Oricia bachmannii,
Teclea natalensis,
Toddalia asiatica,
Vepris lanceolata,
Zanthoxylum capense,
Z. delagoense [AfrL]
Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, C.A.R, Congo Republic, W.Uganda (-Bwamba), W.Tanzania, Zambia
Papilio erinus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 26
Papilio nireus f. nora Strand, 1915; Ent. Mitteil. 4: 194 (nom. nud.), TL: Kamerun, Bonaberi
Papilio nireus f. dimidiatus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 385, TL: W. Africa, Aguapim
Papilio nireoides Braun, 1932; Ent. Zs. 46: 11, TL: Kamerun,Togo
Papilio nireus nireus ab. bedoci Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio nireus nireus ab. punctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio nireus nireus ab. seeldrayersi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio nireus nireus ab. pierardi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio nireus nireus ab. falcata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Luebo Kasai
Papilio nireus nireus ab. houzeaui Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105, TL: Côte d'Ivoire, Man
Papilio nireus nireus f. tenuivittata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105, TL: Côte d'Ivoire, route de Man à Danané, bac sur le Covally
Papilio nireus var. xerophila Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 15, TL: Kafakumba [Congo Republic]
Papilio nireus micronireus Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 15, TL: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast
Papilio nireus ?ab. lyaeoides Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 19, TL: Cameroon
Papilio nireus nireus f. cedeae Sala, 1992; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. No. 75-76: 35, TL: Central African Republic
Papilio nireus nireus ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus nireus ; [AfrL]
S.Sudan (Didinga Mountains), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia (Caprivi), South Africa, Swaziland
Narrow Green-Banded Swallowtail
Papilio lyaeus Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (104): 178
Papilio lyaeus aelyus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 98, TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa, Walde zwischen Mori und Mangati [Tanzania]
Papilio mantitheus Ehrmann, 1920; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 15: 21, TL: Br. East Africa [Uganda]
Papilio nireus-lyaeus f. callistria Le Cerf, 1927; Encycl. ent. Lep. 2: 57, TL: Afrique orientale ex allemande [Tanzania]
Papilio nireus pseudonireoides Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 51, TL: Busog, strada fra Jinja e Jganga [Uganda]
Papilio nireus lyaeus ; [BK, 113]; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus lyaeus ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausema inaequalis,
Calodendron capense,
Toddalia aculeata,
T. lanceolata,
T. natalensis,
Citrus,
Teclea swynnertoni,
Fagara capensis [PBSA]
N.Kenya, N.Uganda, S.Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
Papilio pseudonireus C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 94
Papilio donaldsoni Sharpe, 1896; Proc. zool. Soc. London 1896: 537, TL: Darro Mts., Meo [Somalia]
Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1900; Boll. Soc. Ent. Italiana 32: 292, TL: [Ethiopia] Adua
?abyssinica Cannaviello, 1902; Misc. Ent. 10: 2, TL: Eritrea
Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. pseudolyaeus Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu
Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. anticemaculata Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu
Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. minor Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Ascalena, presso Let Marefia, Scioa
Papilio nireus pseudonireus f. semivittata Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu
Papilio nireus pseudonireus ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus pseudonireus ; [AfrL]
Comoro Is. (Grand Comore)
Papilio aristophontes Oberthür, 1897; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1897: 188, TL: Grand Comore
Papilio aristophontes ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio nireus aristophontes ;
Papilio (Princeps) aristophontes ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Tailed green-banded swallowtail
Papilio charopus Westwood, 1843; Arcana entomologica, 1: 189, TL: "Gold Coast" [Error, = Cameroon]
Papilio charopus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 24]
Papilio (Princeps) charopus ; [AfrL]
Druryia charopus ;
Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Island of Bioko)
Papilio charopus charopus ; [BAFR, 20 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) charopus charopus ; [AfrL]
Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), W.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi
Papilio charopus montuosus Joicey & Talbot, 1927; Encycl. Ent. (B III) 2 (1): 2, TL: [Congo Republic] N.W. Kivu, Upper Iowa Valley, near msisisi, 5000-6000ft, forest and long grass country
Papilio charopus juventus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 385, n. 42, pl. 4, f. 32, 35, TL: [Congo Republic] Semliki Valley
Papilio charopus montuosus ; [BAFR, 21]
Papilio charopus juventus ; [BAFR, 20 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) charopus montuosus ; [AfrL]
Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. See [About maps]
Broad green-banded swallowtail
Chrapkowski's green-banded swallowtail
chrapkowskii Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 98, TL: Brit.-Ost.-Africa, Nairobi
Papilio bromius var. brontia Strand, 1911; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 25 (10/11): 120, TL: [Tanzania] Sigiund Amani
Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ab. obliterata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105, TL: [Kenya/Uganda] Afrique Orientale Britannique
Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ab. addenda Storace, 1951::LMB#: 76; [Kenya] Forêt de Ngong
Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ; [BK, 112]; [BAFR, 24]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskii ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Teclea [AfrL, (Kielland, 1990)]
-. See [About maps]
Broadly green-banded swallowtail
Papilio chrapkowskoides Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 9, TL: Uganda
Druryia bromius ;
Papilio bromius ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 26]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Calodendrum capense,
Teclea spp.,
Vepris spp.,
Citrus spp. [AfrL]
E.Congo Republic, SW.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, W.Tanzania
Papilio bromius chrapkowskoides ab. opposita Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 11, TL: Uganda
interjacens Storace, 1961; Doriana 3 (115):2, TL: Rutschuru, Kivu orient; Altouelle, Faradje, Congo Republic di N.E., Uele-Itimbiri
Papilio bromius interjacens ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio bromius chrapkowskoides ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides chrapkowskoides ; [AfrL]
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, C.A.R, Congo Republic, W.Uganda
Papilio nurettini Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. Papilio bromius Doubleday, 1845), TL: Ghana
Papilio bromius Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (104): 176 (preocc.), TL: [Ghana] Ashanti
Papilio bromius ab. tessmanni Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturgesch. 79 A (2): 23, TL: [Cameroon] Kamerun, Bassagebt b. Edea; Lolodorf Bipindi
Papilio bromius ab. incerta Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturgesch. 79 A (2): 23, TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Span. Guinea, Makomo Ntumgebt
Papilio bromius bromius ab. impunctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio bromius bromius chrapkowskii ab. ornata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105, TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, route de Man à Danané, bac sur le Covally
Papilio bromius bromius ?f. macrops Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: [Congo Republic] Kasai
Papilio bromius bromius f. latior Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: [Congo] Congo Français, Etoumbi
Papilio bromius bromius f. imitans Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: Cameroon
Papilio bromius bromius f. angustevittata Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
Papilio bromius bromius f. caerulea Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 56, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
Papilio bromius bromius var. tenuis Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 56, TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, Dimbroki; Sierra Leone
Papilio bromius bromius var. septentrionicola Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 57, TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, Ashanti, septentrional
Papilio bromius bromius ; [BAFR, 24]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides nurettini ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Desmond's green-banded swallowtail
Papilio desmondi van Someren, 1939; J. E.Afr. Ug. nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 132, TL: Kenya, Chyulu Range, 6800ft
Papilio brontes ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 26 (text)]
Papilio desmondi ; [BK, 113]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Vepris eugeniifolia,
Teclea spp.,
Clausena sp.,
Zanthoxylum sp.,
Calodendrum sp.,
Citrus sp. [AfrL]
SE.Kenya (Chyulu Hills)
Papilio desmondi desmondi ; [BAFR, 25]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi desmondi ; [AfrL]
N.Tanzania (Mt. Meru, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro Crater)
Papilio magdae Gifford, 1961; Entomologist 94: 287
Papilio brontes Godman, 1885; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 540 (preocc. Papilio brontes Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), TL: [Kenya/Tanzania] Kilimanjaro, in forest country at 5000 ft
Papilio desmondi magdae ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi magdae ; [AfrL]
SE.Kenya (Teita Hills)
Papilio teita van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 70, TL: [Kenya] Wandanyi-Mabida, Teita Range
Papilio desmondi teita ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi teita ; [AfrL]
Tanzania, N.Malawi, NE.Zambia
Princeps desmondi usambaraensis Koçak, 1980; Nota lepid. 2 (4): 287 (repl. Papilio brontes australis van Someren, 1960), TL: [Tanzania] Tanganyika Territory, Usambara Range
Papilio brontes australis van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 69, TL: [Tanzania] Tanganyika Territory, Usambara Range
Papilio desmondi australis ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi usambaraensis ; [AfrL]
highland forests of (Kenya, Tanzania). See [About maps]
Hornmans green-banded swallowtail
Horniman's swallowtail
Papilio hornimani Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 647, pl. 47, f. 1, 3, TL: [Tanzania] Magila, East Africa
Papilio hornimani hornimani ; [BK, 112]
Papilio hornimani ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 11]; [BAFR, 21]
Papilio (Princeps) hornimani ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Teclea [BK]
Kenya, Tanzania
Papilio (Princeps) hornimani hornimani ; [AfrL]
Tanzania
Papilio hornimani mwanihanae Kielland, 1987; Lambillionea 87: 122, TL: Tanzania, Kilombero, Sanje, 300m
Papilio (Princeps) hornimani mwanihanae ; [AfrL]
Tanzania
Papilio hornimani mbulu Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 40, TL: Tanzania, Mbulu, Mamahisara, Hasama Forest, 2000m
Papilio (Princeps) hornimani mbulu ; [AfrL]
Uganda, W.Kenya. See [About maps]
Van Someren's green-banded swallowtail
Papilio (Princeps) interjectana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 150, TL: Kenya, Kaimosi Forest
Papilio interjecta van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 70 (preocc. Papilio leucothoe var. interjectus Honrath, 1892), TL: Kenya, Kaimosi Forest
Papilio interjecta ; [BK, 112]; [BAFR, 24]
Papilio (Princeps) interjectana ; [AfrL]
São Tomé and Principe
Papilio bromius nerminae Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. furvus), TL: Island of Sao Thomé, West Africa
Papilio bromius furvus Joicey & Talbot, 1926; Entomologist 59: 220 (preocc. Papilio furvus Goeze, 1779), TL: Sao Thome
Papilio bromius furvus ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) nerminae ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Medium green-banded swallowtail
Papilio sosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3) : 488, TL: Sierra Leone
Papilio nireus ; [BOW: pl. 88, f. 26 (text), pl. 90, f. 17 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Teclea sp.?,
Toddalia sp.?,
Zanthoxylum gillesi,
Citrus sp.? [AfrL]
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, S.Nigeria, W.Cameroon
Papilio sosia sosia ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia sosia ; [AfrL]
Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, N.Angola, Congo Republic
Papilio sosia pulchra Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 30, TL: Congo Republic, Stanleyville, Secteur de Basoka
Papilio sosia f. imitatrix Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 45, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
Papilio sosia ab. pristina Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 46, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
Papilio sosia ?ab. atlantica Birket-Smith, 1960; Bull. inst. Fr. d'Afr. Noire (A) 22: 525, TL: French Cameroons, near the river Nyong just south of Makak station
Papilio sosia pulchra ; [BAFR, 26 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia pulchra ; [AfrL]
Uganda (forests up to 1200m), NW.Tanzania
Papilio sosia debilis Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 47, TL: Bussa-Busoga, route Jinja-Iganga (Busoga), Kakindu, Butiaba (Lac Albert, Uganda), Forêt de Budongo, 1200m
Papilio sosia debillis ; [BAFR, 26 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia debilis ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio thuraui Karsch, 1900; Ent. Nachr. 26: 126, TL: [Tanzania] Ostafrika, auf der Route von Ubena nach Langenburg
Papilio thuraui ; [BAFR, 23]
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Toddalia sp.,
T. asiatica [AfrL]
S.Tanzania, N.Malawi
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui thuraui ; [AfrL]
Malawi (Nyika Plateau), Zambia
Papilio thuraui cyclopis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3) : 489, TL: [Malawi] Kasungu Mt., Nyika, Nyassaland, 7450ft
Papilio bromius cyclopis ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui cyclopis ; [AfrL]
Congo Republic (Kasai), Malawi, NE.Zambia
Papilio thuraui occidua Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 51, TL: Congo Belge, Kasai
Papilio brontes occidentale[sic] ; van Someren, 1960, Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 69 (missp.)
Papilio desmondi occidua ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui occidua ; [AfrL]
Malawi?
Princeps (Druryia) thuraui occidua f. heathi Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 205, TL: [Malawi] Mlanje
Papilio thuraui heathi ; Hancock, 1993, 563
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui heathi ; [AfrL]
N.Tanzania
Princeps (Druryia) thuraui ngorongoro Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 204, TL: Tanzania, Ngorongoro Crater, 3° 15'S, 35° 30'E, NW of Lake Manyara
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui ngorongoro ; [AfrL]
Malawi?
Princeps (Druryia) thuraui f. viphya Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 206, TL: Malawi, Musamba, Viphya, 1570m
Papilio thuraui viphya ; Hancock, 1993, 557
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui viphya ; [AfrL]
SW.Tanzania (Ufipa). See [About maps]
Papilio bromius ufipa Carcasson, 1961; Occ. Pap. Coryndon meml Mus. (7): 3, TL: Mbisi forest, Sumbawanga, Ufipa, south-west Tangnayika
Papilio bromius ufipa Carcasson, 1960; J. E. Africa nat. Hist. Soc. (special suppl. No. 6): 16 (nom. nud.)
Papilio bromius ufipa ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ufipa ; [AfrL]
Ethiopia. See [About maps]
Papilio wilsoni Rothschild, 1926; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 17: 113, TL: Ethiopia, Nubar Hills, Taldi, 10° 39'N, 1625ft
Papilio nireus wilsoni ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) wilsoni ; [AfrL]
The cynorta species-group
cynorta ; [AfrL]
Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Angola, Congo Republic, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. See [About maps]
Mimetic swallowtail
Papilio cynorta Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 37
Papilio zerynthius Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 370, TL: Sierra Leone
Papilio boisduvallianus Westwood, 1842; Arcana entomologica, 1: 151, TL: Sierra Leone
Papilio cynorta norcyta Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94, TL: Togo
Papilio gallienus peculiaris Neave, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11 : 342, TL: [Uganda] Entebbe
Papilio triptolemus Ehrmann, 1918; Lepid. Forest Hills 2: 21, TL: [Uganda] Bujaka
Papilio cynorta f. lavochrea Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 391, TL: Cameroon, Bitje, Ja River, 2,000ft
Papilio cynorta f. ochrospila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 392, TL: Congo Belge oriental, Forest between Epuru, E. side, and Ituri River
Papilio cynorta f. acraeamimus Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 15, TL: [Uganda] Mabira Forest
Papilio cynorta f. albofurculatus Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 15
Papilio cynorta f.f. parageoides Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2], TL: Uganda Protectorate
Papilio cynorta cynorta f. agayana Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 20
Papilio cynorta cynorta f. bwambensis Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 20
Papilio cynorta ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 25]
Druryia cynorta ;
Papilio cynorta cynorta ; [BAFR, 34]
Papilio cynorta arnoldi ; [BAFR, 34 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) cynorta ; [AfrL]
Female mimics Acraea epaea.
[BK]
Larva on
Clausena sp.,
Vepris sp.,
Calodendrum sp.,
Citrus sp.,
Fagara sp.,
Teclea sp. [AfrL]
SW.Ethiopia. See [About maps]
Papilio arnoldiana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 139 (repl. arnoldi Poulton, 1925)
Papilio cynorta arnoldi Poulton, 1925; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1925: 49, pl. D, f. 8 (preocc. Papilio rex var. arnoldi Richelmann, 1909)
Papilio (Princeps) arnoldiana ; [AfrL]
E.Nigeria, Cameroon, C.A.R, Congo Republic (Mongala, Uele, Ituri), S.Sudan, Uganda. See [About maps]
Mountain mimetic swallowtail
Papilio plagiatus Aurivillius, 1898; Ent. Tidskr. 19: 183, TL: Congogebiet, Sassa am oberen Ubangi
Papilio plagiatus [Wahlberg]
Papilio plagiatus ; [BAFR, 36]; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) plagiatus ; [AfrL]
The dardanus species-group
phorcas; (part)
dardanus ; AfrL
-. See [About maps]
Mocker Swallowtail
Flying Handkerchief
Papilio dardanus Brown, 1776; New Illust. Zool.: 51, TL: [West Africa]
Princeps dardanus ;
Papilio dardanus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 1-3]; [BK, 109]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus ; [AfrL]
Females mimic various Danaids, Acraeids, chiefly Amauris niavius, Danaus chrysippus,
Amauris echeria-group, Acraea poggei.
[BK]
Larva on
Vepris lanceolata,
V. undulata,
V. eugeniifolia,
Toddalia asiatica,
Oricia swynnertoni,
O. bachmannii,
Clausena anisata,
Citrus sp.,
Teclea simplicifolia,
T. nobilis,
T. stuhlmanni,
T. villosa,
T. natalensis,
Xymalos monospora,
Calodendrum capense,
Zanthoxylum sp. [AfrL]
Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, Angola, Congo Republic, Uganda (excluding western shores of Lake Victoria), W.Kenya, N.Zambia
Papilio merope Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 87 (preocc. Papilio merope Frabricius, 1775), TL: [West Africa] "Java and Amboina" [error]
Papilio brutus Fabricius, 1781; Spec. Ins., 2 : 13 (preocc. Papilio brutus Cramer, 1779), TL: [West Africa] "in Africa aequinoctiali"
Papilio hippocoon Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 38, TL: Sierra Leon
Papilio westermannii Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 372, TL: Côté de Guinée
Papilio trophonius Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 38, TL: Tropical Western Africa
Papilio dionysos Doubleday, 1846; in Doubleday & Westwood, Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): pl. 4, (1): 20 (1847), TL: Western Africa
Papilio dardanus f.ab. niobe Aurivillius, 1899; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5) : 465
Papilio dardanus f.ab. nioboides Aurivillius, 1899; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5) : 465
Papilio dardanus heimsi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 90, TL: Cameroon, Victoria
Papilio dardanus benio Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 91, TL: Cameroon, Barombi station; Angola [Kabinda], Chinchoxo
Papilio dardanus f.ab. trophonissa Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 2, TL: von der Gegend des Ituri-Flusses im östlichen Teil des Kongostaates
Papilio dardanaus polytrophus f.f. alluaudi Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 141, TL: Uganda occidentale, province de Toro
f. latemarginatus Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30: 49, TL: San Carlos Süd
Papilio dardanus f.f. sirius Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 23
Papilio dardanus ab. crocotus Poulton, 1923; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1923: xlvii, TL: Forêt du Poste de Borabo, Haut Sassandra, Côte d'Ivoire; "Nairobi
Papilio dardanus f.f. ceneispila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 374, TL: Uganda
Papilio dardanus f. fagerskioldi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 13, TL: Uganda, Mpolegoma
Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. punctata Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. divisa Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165, TL: Cameroon, Edéa
Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. bipunctata Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. paradoxa Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Republic, Luébo
Papilio dardanus dardanus f.f. completa Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio dardanus dardanus f.f. subpunctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
Papilio dardanus dardanus f.f. dawanti Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
Papilio dardanus dardanus f.f. impunctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
Papilio dardanus dardanus f.f. jottrandi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
Papilio dardanus dardanus f.f. extrema Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103, TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
Papilio dardanus f. semimelas Basquin & Turlin, 1986; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. (49): 22, TL: C.A.R, Bangui
Papilio dardanus ab. obscura McLeod & McLeod, 2004; Ent. Rec. J. var. 116 (2): 60
Papilio dardanus dardanus ; [BAFR, 10 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus dardanus ; [AfrL]
São Tome and Principe
Papilio sulfurea Palisot de Beauvois, 1806; Ins. Afr. Amer.: 46, pl. 1, TL: Isle-du-Prince
Papilio dardanus storacei Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 314, TL: Central Bioko, 1500m
Papilio dardanus sulphureus Bernardi, Pierre & Nguyen, 1985; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 90: 1109 (emend.?, lapsus?)
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus sulfurea ; [AfrL]
Ethiopia (highlands)
Papilio antinorii Oberthür, 1883; Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova 18: 711, TL: Abissinia, Feleklek and Sciotalit
Papilio antinorii f.ab. niavioides Kheil, 1890; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 3 : 335, TL: Abessynien, Korata am Tana-See
Papilio antinorii f.ab. ruspinae Kheil, 1890; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 3 : 336, TL: Abessynien, Korata am Tana-See
Papilio merope antinorii var. niavina Haase, 1891; Bibl. zool. 4 (8): (2) (missp. for niavioides?), TL: Abessinien
Papilio dardanus antinorii var. alticola Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 141, TL: Abyssinie, Yumbo, province de Gaba, 1485m
Papilio dardanus hodsoni Poulton, 1926; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1: 6, TL: S.W. Abyssinia, Got River, 1700 ft, Apeny River, 1700 ft
Papilio dardanus hodsoni f.f. weinholti Poulton, 1927; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 2: 10, TL: Gore, 6600ft, W. Abyssinia
Papilio dardanus f.f. zaoditou Ungemach, 1932; Mém. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc 32: 18, TL: Ethiopia, Oumbi
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.f. alameitu Gabriel, 1949; Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 18: 212, TL: Abyssinia, Wallega Valley, Ghedo, 7000 ft
Papilio dardanus m.f. conjunctiflava Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 12, TL: South-west Abyssinia
Papilio dardanus antinorii ab. seriata Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 93: 28, TL: Etiopia centrale, Scioa (zona di Ancòber), Mantek
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. immaculata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Awasa
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. extensinigra Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Yabelo
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. obsoleta Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Bonga
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. ornata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Arba Minch"
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. rufomaculata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Arba Minch
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. aurantiaca Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Metu
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. aperta Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Guebre Mengist
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. depuncta Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Bedele
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. obscura Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Arba Minch
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. parvicaudata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Hossana
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. cenaeoides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Bedele
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. streckerioides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Metu
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. lambornieoides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Hossana
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. niobeoides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Hossana
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. salaamioides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80: 38, TL: Ethiopia, Bonga
Papilio dardanus antinorii ; [BAFR, 10 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus antinorii ; [AfrL]
N.Somalia (highlands)
Papilio dardanus byatti Poulton, 1926; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1925: xlv [45]
Papilio dardanus byatti ; [BAFR, 10 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus byatti ; [AfrL]
S.Mozambique, E.Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland
Papilio cenea Stoll, [1790]; Aanhaangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): 134, TL: "Päis des Caffres"
Danais rechila Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 183, TL: "Cafrerie"
cephonius Hopffer, 1866; Stett. ent. Ztg. 27: 132
Papilio merope tibullus var. hippocoonides Haase, 1891; Bibl. zool. 4 (8): 70, TL: "Cap."
Papilio cenea acene Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 92, TL: Transvaal
Papilio dardanus f.f. leighi Poulton, 1912; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1912: xxxviii [38], TL: Natal; [Kenya] Unyori, N.E. of Kisumu
Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. radiata Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 23
Papilio dardanus-cenea f.f. natalica Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 377, TL: Mozambique, Delagoa Bay
Papilio dardanus-cenea f.f. hypolimnides Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 377, TL: West Pondoland
Papilio dardanus-cenea m.f.indiv. extensiflava Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 378, TL: Natal
Papilio dardanus cenea f. sylvicola van Son, 1949; Trans. Mus. Mem. No. 3: 11, TL: Malta Forest, Pietersburg district, Transvaal; King William's Town; Mozambique, Delegoa Bay
Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. neocenea Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 10, TL: South Africa
Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. nigricans Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 124, TL: Africa australe
Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. transiens Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 124, TL: Natal
Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. aikeni van Son, 1956; Ann. Transv. Mus. 22: 503, TL: N. Transvaal, Woodbush, Pietersburg District
Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. infuscata van Son, 1956; Ann. Transv. Mus. 22: 503, TL: Durban
Papilio dardanus cenea ; [BAFR, 10]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus cenea ; [AfrL]
?Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. trophonis Aurivillius?; [BAFR, 10, fig.]
Papilio dardanus cenea f.f. leighi ; [BAFR, 10, fig.]
Larva on
Xymalos monospora,
Teclea swynnertoni,
Vepris lanceolata,
Toddalia aculeata,
T. natalensis,
Clausena inaequalis,
Citrus [PBSA]
Eritrea (highlands)
Papilio dardanus figinii Storace, 1962; Doriana 3 (129): 2, TL: Eritrea centrale, Dorfù, m. 1500 s.l.m. (Zona delle pendici orientali, presso Asmara)
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.f. vaccaroi Storace, 1947; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 63: 116, TL: Eritrea, Dorfù, m. 1500 s.m. (presso Asmara)
Papilio dardanus antinorii f.f. protoniavioides Storace, 1962; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 72, TL: Dorfù in Eritrea (zona delle pendici orientali, presso Asmara, m. 1500 s.l.m.)
Papilio dardanus figinii f.f. protomima Storace, 1962; Doriana 3 (120): 3, TL: orientale eritree presso Asmara (Dorfù) [Ethiopia]
Papilio dardanus figinii ; [BAFR, 10 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus figinii ; [AfrL]
N.Kenya (Mt. Kulal)
Papilio dardanus flavicornis Carpenter, 1947; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 16: 55
Papilio dardanus flavicornis ; [BAFR, 11 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus flavicornis ; [AfrL]
Comoro Is.
Papilio dardanus humbloti Oberthür, 1888; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 8: 40, TL: Grande-Comoro
Papilio dardanus humbloti ; [BAFR, 11]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus humbloti ; [AfrL]
Madagascar
dardanus meriones C. & R. Felder, 1865; Madagascar
Papilio meriones C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 95, TL: [Madagascar] Region de Toamasina
Papilio dardanus-meriones m.f.indiv. palaeotypus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 379, TL: Madagascar, Maroansetra
Papilio dardanus meriones ; [AfrL]; [BAFR, 11]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus meriones ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Uganda, NW.Kenya, Tanzania (W, S, SE shores of Lake Victoria)
Papilio dardanus meseres Carpenter, 1948; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 17: 14, TL: Kenya Colony, South Kavirondo, Suna
Papilio merope f.f. planemoides Trimen, 1904; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1903: xli [41], TL: Kavirondo-Nandi district of the Uganda British Protectorate; Angola
Papilio dardanus f.f. dionysoides Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 1, TL: Kibara, von der Insel Ukerewe in Victoria Nyanza
Papilio dardanus f.f. pemtolipus Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 2, TL: Kibara
Papilio dardanus f.f. mixtus Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 4, TL: Ost-Afrika [N.E. of Nyanza]
Papilio dardanus f.f. acenides Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 375, TL: Tanzania, Mabira Forest; Uganda
Papilio dardanus f.f. swynnertoni Poulton, 1929; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 500, TL: Unyori (Nyangori), N.E. of Kisumu
Papilio dardanus f.f. carpenteri Poulton, 1929; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 500, TL: Kakindu Hill, Tang. Terr., in Lat. 1° 10'S., long. 31° 30'E, about 30 miles W. of the Victoria Nyanza; Uganda
Papilio dardanus m.f. xanthocaudatus Stoneham, 1932; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (13): 1, TL: Kitale
Papilio dardanus f.f. hippocoonatus Stoneham, 1933; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (15): [2], TL: Kenya Colony, Kitale
Papilio dardanus f.f. dominicanoides Stoneham, 1933; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (15): [2], TL: Kenya Colony, Soy
Papilio dardanus f.f. planematus Stoneham, 1934; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (19): [2], TL: Kenya Colony, Kakamega Forest
Papilio dardanus f.f. epiplanemoides Stoneham, 1934; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (19): [2], TL: Kenya Colony, Kakamega Forest
Papilio dardanus xanthocaudatus f.f. briani Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2], TL: Kenya Colony, Kitale
Papilio dardanus meseres ; [BAFR, 11 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus meseres ; [AfrL]
N.Kenya (Mt. Marsabit, Mt. Nyiru)
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus ochraceana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 144, TL: Marsabit
Papilio dardanus ochracea Carpenter, 1948; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 17: 16 (preocc. _Papilio woodfordi var. ochracea Ribbe, 1897), TL: Marsabit
Papilio dardanus cenea ochracea f.f. ochracea Poulton, 1924; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: xxvii [27], TL: Marsabit, S.E. of Lake Rudolph
Papilio dardanus ochracea f.f. atavica Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 123, TL: Marsabit, 4500 piedi, Northern Frontier District, Chenia
Papilio dardanus ochracea ; [BAFR, 11]
Papilio dardanus ochracea f. ochracea ; [BAFR, 11, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio dardanus ochracea f. hippocoonides ; [BAFR, 11, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus ochraceana ; [AfrL]
E.Kenya, E.Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
Papilio tibullus Kirby, 1880; Proc. R. Dublin Soc. (2) 2: 339, TL: Zanzibar
Papilio cenea maculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 91, TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa
Papilio cenea discopunctatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 92, TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa
Papilio cenea salaami Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 92, TL: Dar-es-Salaam
Papilio boosi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 89, TL: Dar-es-Salam
Papilio dardanus f.f. trimeni Poulton, 1906; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1906: 283, TL: Zanzibar; Kikuyu Escarpment, B.E. Africa
Papilio dardanus var. tibullus ab. gomia Strand, 1911; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 25 (10/11): 121, TL: Gomja
Papilio dardanus tibullus f.f. lamborni Poulton, 1918; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1917: 335, TL: Ufiomi, 35° 50'E, 4° 16'S
Papilio dardanus f.f. mombasicus Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 3, TL: Protectorate of Kenya, Mombasa
Papilio dardanus f.f. melanoleuca Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 8, TL: Bamburi, Kenya Coast
Papilio dardanus tibullus ; [BAFR, 11]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus tibullus ; [AfrL]
Kenya (highlands, E of Rift Valley)
Papilio dardanus polytrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3) : 488, TL: Kikuyu Escarpment, British East Africa
Papilio dardanus tibullus f.f. dorippoides Trimen, 1909; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1909: 554, TL: Nairobi
Papilio dardanus f.f. speciosa Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 290, TL: Afrique orientale anglaise, Kijabé, 2100 m, dans le Kikuyu Escarpment
Papilio dardanus f.f. jeanneli Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 290, TL: Afrique orientale anglaise, Kijabé, 2100 m, dans le Kikuyu Escarpment
Papilio dardanus var. polytrophus f. punctimargo Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 336, TL: Afrique orientale allemande, Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f.f. hippocooninus Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 23
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f.f. albescens Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 23
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f.f. nigrescens Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 23
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f.f. acenoides Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 24
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f.f. trophonoides Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 24
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f.f. mixtoides Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38: 24
Papilio dardanus var. polytrophus f. protocenea Bryk & Peebles, 1932; Mitt. Dt. Ent. Ges. 3: 10, TL: Elmenteita, Kenya Colony
Papilio dardanus var. polytrophus f. astarte Bryk & Peebles, 1932; Mitt. Dt. Ent. Ges. 3: 10, TL: Elmenteita, Kenya Colony
Papilio dardanus m.f. nairobianus Stoneham, 1932; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (13): 2, TL: Kenya Colony, Nairobi
Papilio dardanus f.f. poultoni Ford, 1936; Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. 85: 465, TL: Kenya Colony, Nairobi
Papilio dardanus nairobianus f.f. akechia Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 8, TL: Nairobi
Papilio dardanus nairobianus f.f. neria Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 8
Papilio dardanus f.f. millari Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 9
Papilio dardanus f.f. babingtonia Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 9
Papilio dardanus nairobianus f.f. akechiana Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 10
Papilio dardanus nairobianus f.f. neriana Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 11
Papilio dardanus f.f. harmonia Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 11
Papilio dardanus f.f. ariadne Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 11
Papilio dardanus polytrophus ; [BAFR, 12]
Papilio (Princeps) dardanus polytrophus ; [AfrL]
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. hippocoonides ; [BAFR, 11, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. protohippocoonides ; [BAFR, 12, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. prototrophonius ; [BAFR, 12, fig. (f.form)]
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Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. protosalaami ; [BAFR, 12, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. planemoides ; [BAFR, 12, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. protoplanemoides ; [BAFR, 12, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. swynnertoni ; [BAFR, 12, fig. (f.form)]
Papilio dardanus polytrophus f. protocenea ; [BAFR, 12, fig. (f.form)]
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Kenya Escarpment
Papilio × nandina Rothschild & Jordan, 1901; Novit. Zool. 8 (4): 403, TL: British E. Africa, Escarpment, 6500-9000ft.
Papilio phorcas ansorgei × dardanus polytrophus ; Clark & Sheppard, 1975, Proc. R. ent Soc. Lond. (39): (?37-40)
Papilio nandina ; [BAFR, 14]
-. See [About maps]
Constantine's swallowtail
Papilio constantinus Ward, 1871; Ent. mon. Mag. 8: 34, TL: Ribé, East Africa
Princeps constantinus ;
Papilio constantinus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 22]; [BK, 111]
Papilio (Princeps) constantinus ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausena spp.,
C. anisata,
Vepris reflexa,
V. undulata,
V. lanceolata,
Citrus sp.,
Teclea trifoliatum,
T. nobilis,
T. gerrardii
Natal, Transvaal, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya (coastal), S.Somalia, SE.Ethiopia
Papilio constantinus f. chrysothemis Stoneham, 1931; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (3): 1, TL: Kibwezi
Papilio constantinus constantinus ; [BAFR, 14]
Papilio (Princeps) constantinus constantinus ; [AfrL]
Kenya (central highlands, Mau Escarpment)
Papilio constantinus lecerfi Koçak, 1996; Centre Ent. Stud. Misc. Papers 27-28: (10-16), TL: Tanganyika Territ., Escarpment, 6,500-9,000ft
Papilio constantinus alticola Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 578 (preocc. Papilio antinorii var. alticola Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912), TL: Tanganyika Territ., Escarpment, 6,500-9,000ft
Papilio constantinus monticolus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 387 (preocc. Papilio sarpedon monticolus Fruhstorfer, 1896), TL: Escarpment, B.E.A., 6,500-9,000ft
Papilio constantinus monticolus ; [BAFR, 14 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) constantinus lecerfi ; [AfrL]
Congo Republic (Lomami, Shaba), W.Tanzania, Zambia
Papilio constantinus mweruana Joicey & Talbot, 1927; Encycl. Ent. (B III) 2 (1): 1, TL: S.E. Congo, Kasenga, west bank of Luapala River, S.W. Lake Mweru district
Papilio constantinus f. mathieui Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge, Sankishia
Papilio constantinus mweruana f. wittei Berger, 1981; Les Papillons du Zaire: 47, TL: Mabwe, 585m, Parc national de l'Upemba
Papilio constantinus mweruanus ; [BAFR, 14 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) constantinus mweruanus ; [AfrL]
Madagascar. See [About maps]
Papilio delalandei Godart, [1824]; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (2): 811, TL: Cafrerie, sur les bords de Groot Fisch Rivier [error, = Madagascar]
Papilio lalandei Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 326 (lapsus, emend.?)
Princeps delalandei ;
Papilio delalandii ; (missp.)
Papilio delalandei ; [BAFR, 28]
Papilio delelande[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 4]
Papilio (Princeps) delalandei ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Apple-green swallowtail
Green Banded Swallowtail
Papilio phorcas Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 4, TL: Sierra Leona
Princeps phorcas ;
Papilio phorcas ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 14]; [BK, 110]
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Vepris,
Teclea [BK],
Teclea nobilis,
T. simplicifolia,
Macrostylis villosa,
Oriciopsis sp.,
Calodendrum species,
Clausena species,
Citrus sp.,
Fagara sp.,
Toddalia sp. [AfrL]
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria
Papilio doreus Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 457, TL: Sierra Leon
Papilio thersander Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 32, TL: Sierra Leon
Papilio phorcas f.f. media Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 381, TL: Sierra Leone
Papilio phorcas phorcas ; [BAFR, 14]
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas phorcas ; [AfrL]
Kenya (highland forest, E of Rift Valley)
Papilio phorcas ansorgei Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (2): 324, TL: Uganda Protectorate, Man
Papilio phorcas tippelskirchi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 96, TL: Brit.-Ost.-Africa, Nairobi
Papilio phorcas f.f. thersandroides Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 13
Papilio phorcas ansorgei ; [BAFR, 14 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas ansorgei ; [AfrL]
Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, N.Angola, Congo Republic, W.Uganda, W.Tanzania, N.Zambia
Papilio phorcas congoanus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (2): 325, TL: Upper Congo, Lukolele
Papilio phorcas caspor Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 97, TL: Tanzania, Tabora
Papilio phorcas ab. kassaiensis Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 25, TL: Kongo, Kassaifluss
Papilio phorcas f. bergeri Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 126, TL: Congo Republic, Lualaba; Kakakumba; Tshiboe; Kinda; Mutumba
Papilio phorcas f. xera Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 127, TL: Kafakumba nel Catanga
Papilio phorcas f. viridissima Basquin & Turlin, 1986; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. (49): 22, TL: Bangui (Centrafrique)
Papilio phorcas congoanus f. ponzonii Sala, 1992; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. No. 75-76: 35, TL: Gabon
Papilio phorcas congoanus ; [BAFR, 14 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas congoanus ; [AfrL]
highland forest (NE.Zambia, Malawi, E.Tanzania)
Papilio phorcas nyikanus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3) : 489, TL: Nyassaland, Kasunga Mts., Nyika
Papilio phorcas leopoldi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 97, TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa, Walde zwischen Mori und Mangati
Papilio phorcas ab. phorcadius Strand, 1911; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 25 (10/11): 121, TL: Tanzania, Amani I.
Papilio phorcas nyikanus ; [BAFR, 14 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas nyikanus ; [AfrL]
E.Uganda, Kenya (highlands, W of Rift Valley)
Papilio phorcas f. ruscoei Krüger, 1928; Int. ent. Z. 22: 230, TL: Brit. O. Africa, Mt. Elgon
Papilio phorcas f.f. mutans Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 380, TL: Mabera Forest, Kyagive, Mulanga, 4000ft
Papilio phorcas f. furcula Bryk, 1927; Zool. Anz. 74: 77, TL: Mount Elgon, Gebirgsbach Koptawelil, 2465m
Papilio phorcas f. inexpectata Bryk, 1927; Zool. Anz. 74: 78, TL: Mount Elgon, Gebirgsbach Koptawelil, 2465m
Papilio phorcas pseudothersander Krüger, 1937; Ent. Rundsch. 55: 84, TL: Uganda
Papilio phorcas f. polyxena Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 14, TL: [? W. Kenya]
Papilio phorcas f. bayoni Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 128, TL: Uganda, Busoga
Papilio phorcas nilotica Storace, 1961; Doriana 3 (115): 1, TL: Uganda occidentale e centrale; Kivu orientale
Papilio phorcas ruscoei ; [BAFR, 14]
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas ruscoei ; [AfrL]
S.Sudan (forested mountains)
Papilio phorcas sudanicola Storace, 1965; J. E.Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nat. Mus. 25 (1): 71, TL: S.E. Sudan, Didinga, Nagichot
Papilio phorcas sudanicola ; [BAFR, 14]
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas sudanicola ; [AfrL]
N.Tanzania (highlands in the north), Kenya (Chyulu Hills)
Papilio phorcas tenuifasciatus Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 44, TL: Tanzania, Ngorongoro, 2200m
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas tenuifasciatus ; [AfrL]
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko I.)
Papilio phorcas bardamu Canu, 1994; Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 316, TL: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko
Papilio phorcas bardamu f. velledae Canu, 1994; Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 317, TL: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko
Papilio (Princeps) phorcas bardamu ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Regal Swallowtail
Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886; Étud. d'Ent. 11: cxiv, TL: Tanzania, Mhonda, dans l'Ouzigoua
Papilio rex ; [BOW: pl. 91, f. 1]; [BK, 109]
Papilio (Princeps) rex ; [AfrL]
The Kenyan forms mimic Tirumala formosa.
[BK]
Larva on
Teclea tricocarpa,
T. stuhlmanni,
Calodendrum sp.,
Citrus sp.,
Clausena sp.,
Fagara sp.,
Toddalia sp. [AfrL]
Kenya (east of the Rift Valley), NE.Tanzania, C.Tanzania
?Papilio rex var. arnoldi Richelmann, 1909; Int. ent. Z. 3: 102, TL: Hochländern zwischen Viktoria See und indischem Ozean
Papilio rex rex ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex rex ; [AfrL]
Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, NW.Tanzania, W.Kenya
Papilio mimeticus Rothschild, 1897; Entomologist 30: 165, TL: Uganda, Msarosaro
Papilio rex barnsi Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 373, TL: Congo Belge, Upper Lowa Valley, West of Masisi N.O. Kivu, 4500-5000ft
Papilio rex mimeticus ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex mimeticus ; [AfrL]
S.Sudan, SW.Ethiopia
Papilio rex franciscae Carpenter, 1928; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 76: 28, TL: Sudan, Didinga
Papilio (Princeps) rex franciscae ; [AfrL]
Kenya (highlands west of the Rift Valley)
Papilio rex alinderi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14, TL: Northern Victoria Nyanza
Papilio rex f. commixta Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 12
Papilio rex var. alinderi f. lindblomi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14, TL: Kenya, Mount Elgon
Papilio rex f. intermediata Bryk, 1930; in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 24 (39): 515, TL: Nyangori; Kisumu, Victoria Nyanza
Papilio rex alinderi f. holmi Bryk, 1953; Ent. Tidskr. 74: 48, TL: Ost-Seite Mount Elgon, Kaptega Estate, 2100m
Papilio rex commixtus ; [BAFR, 8 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) rex alinderi ; [AfrL]
E.Nigeria, Cameroun (highlands)
Papilio schultzei Aurivillius, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21: 363, TL: Hossere Uba, Nord Adamana
Papilio rex schultzei ; [BAFR, 8 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) rex schultzei ; [AfrL]
SE.Ethiopia (highlands)
Papilio (Princeps) rex abyssinicana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 156, TL: S. W. Abyssinia, Ganji River, Nado's Prov., 5500ft
rex abyssinicus Poulton, 1925; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1925: 42 (preocc. Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1900), TL: S. W. Abyssinia, Ganji River, Nado's Prov., 5500ft
Papilio rex abyssinicus ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex abyssinicana ; [AfrL]
Kenya (highlands E of Rift Valley)
Papilio (Princeps) rex regulana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 156 (repl.), TL: Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
Papilio rex var. regulus Le Cerf, 1919; Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 25: 162 (preocc. Papilio regulus Stoll, 1790), TL: Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
Papilio rex ab. eisneri Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14, TL: Br. Ost. Afr., Escarpment, 9000ft
Papilio rex f. endymion Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 5, TL: [Nairobi], Nairobi and Kitale
Papilio rex regulus ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex regulana ; [AfrL]
The zenobia species-group
gallienus; (?)
zenobia ; [AfrL]
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo, Congo Republic, W.Uganda. See [About maps]
Zenobia swallowtail
Papilio zenobia Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 503, TL: Sierra Leon
Papilio messalina Stoll, [1790]; Aanhaangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): 125, TL: "Land der Caffers" [error]
Papilio odenatus Westwood, 1872; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2): 96, TL: Old Calabar
Papilio zenobia f. amygdaliferus Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30: 49, TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Sta Isabel, Basilé
Papilio zenobia ab. infrapicta Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturgesch. 79 A (2): 23, TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Span Guinea, Nkolentangen
Papilio zenobia ; [BAFR, 33]; [BOW: pl. 91, f. 3]
Druryia zenobia ;
Papilio (Princeps) zenobia ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Piper umbellatum,
Piper sp. [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Common white-banded swallowtail
Papilio cyproeofila Butler, 1868; Ent. mon. Mag. 5: 60, TL: [Ghana] Ashantee
?Papilio zenobius Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 74 (?preocc. Papilio zenobia Fabricius)
Papilio cypraeofila ;
Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Piper sp. [AfrL]
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, W.Nigeria
Papilio cyproeofila cyproeofila ; [BAFR, 33]
Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila cyproeofila ; [AfrL]
E.Nigeria, Cameroon, C.A.R
Papilio cypraeafila[sic] praecyola Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94, TL: Camerun
Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila praecyola ; [AfrL]
Papilio cypraeafila[sic] fernandus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Stettin. ent. Ztg 64 (2): 360
Papilio cyproeofila fernandus f. fumigatus Canu, 1994; Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 317, TL: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko
Papilio cyproeofila fernandus ; [BAFR, 33 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) fernandus ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio cypraeafila[sic] filaprae Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94
Papilio cyproeofila filaprae ; [BAFR, 33 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) filaprae ; [AfrL]
SE.Cameroon, Congo, SW.Congo Republic, Angola
Papilio cyraeofila[sic] f. lactifascia Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 390, TL: [Cameroon] Bitje, Ja River, 2000ft
Papilio filaprae filaprae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Princeps) filaprae filaprae ; [AfrL]
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), W.Cameroon
Princeps filaprae musolanus Hancock, 1988; Papilio International 5: 302 (repl.?), TL: Fernando Po
Papilio cypraeafila[sic] insularis Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30: 49 (preocc. Papilio agetes insularis Staudinger, 1895), TL: Fernando Po
Papilio (Princeps) filaprae musolanus ; [AfrL]
Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Congo, C.Congo Republic of Congo. See [About maps]
Narrow-banded swallowtail
Papilio gallienus Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 649, TL: [Nigeria] Isubu, Mongu-ma-lobah and Calabar district
Papilio gallienus gallienus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: Congo
Papilio gallienus gallienus ab. ochreata Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: sur les bords de la rivière Salonga, aux environs de Watzikengo, Congo Belge
Papilio gallienus ab. hulstaerti Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 46, TL: [Congo Republic] Flandria, Distr. Tshuapa
Papilio gallienus ; [BAFR, 30]; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 9]
Papilio (Princeps) gallienus ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio mechowi Dewitz, 1881; Berl. ent. Z. 25: 286, TL: Westafrika, Quango
Druryia mechowi ;
Papilio (Princeps) mechowi ; [AfrL]
Cameroon, Congo, C.A.R, S.Sudan (around Tambura), Uganda, Congo Republic, Angola
Paplio mechowi mechowi ab. albomaculata Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 45, TL: Kapanga
Papilio mechowi mechowi ; [BAFR, 32]
Papilio (Princeps) mechowi mechowi ; [AfrL]
C.Uganda, E.Uganda
Papilio gallienus whitnalli Neave, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11 : 342, TL: Entebbe
Papilio mechowi whitnalli ; [BAFR, 32 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) mechowi whitnalli ; [AfrL]
N.Angola, Congo Republic, C.A.R, Sudan?. See [About maps]
Papilio cypraeafila[sic] var. mechowianus Dewitz, 1885; Ent. Nachr. 11: 305, TL: Niam Niam Ländern
Papilio andoclides Grose-Smith, 1900; Rhopal. Exotica 3: 47, TL: Upper Congo, Stanley Falls
Papilio mechowianus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: Congo Belge, sur les bords de la rivière Salonga, aux environs de Watzikengo
Papilio mechowianus ; [BAFR, 34]; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 20]
Papilio (Princeps) mechowianus ; [AfrL]
Ghana, Togo. See [About maps]
Volta swallowtail
Papilio nobicea Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94, TL: Togo
Papilio zenobia ab. nobicea ;
Papilio (Princeps) nobicea ; [AfrL]
The demodocus species-group
demoleus
demodocus ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Citrus swallotail
Citrus butterfly
Orange Dog
Christmas Butterfly
Papilio demodocus Esper, 1799; Die ausl. Schmett. : 205, pl. 51, f. 1
Princeps demodocus ;
Papilio demodocus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 5]
Papilio demodocus demodocus ; [BK, 114]
Papilio (Princeps) demodocus ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausena inaequalis,
Calodendron capense,
Toddalia aculeata,
T. lanceolata,
Teclea natalensis,
T. swynnertoni,
Citrus,
Fagara capensis,
Ptaeroxylon utile,
Foeniculum vulgare,
Bubon galbanum,
B. gummiferum,
Hippodromus alata,
Pituranthos burchelli [PBSA]
Larva on
Phellodendron amurense,
Ptelia trifoliata,
Skimmia japonica,
(oviposits and feeds to maturity) [Marc W. Schenck]
Larva on
(more and some duplicates with alternate names) Archangelica officinalis Deverra burchelli,
Fagaropsis angolensis,
Haplophyllum sp.,
Hippobromus pauciflorus,
Oricia bachmannii,
O. swynnertoni,
Pseudospondias microcarpa,
Ptaeroxylon obliquum,
Ruta sp.,
Vepris lanceolata,
Zanthoxylum capense,
Z. delagoense [AfrL]
Tropical Africa, Madagascar
Papilio demoleus var. nubila Capronnier, 1881; Bull. Soc. ent. Belge 1881: 43, TL: Côte Occidentale d'Afrique, Golfe Benin, d'Agoué (Aghwey)
Papilio demodocus decusdemo Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 101, TL: Tabora
Papilio demodocus albicans Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 102, TL: [Cameroon] Barombi Station
Papilio demodocus ab. karema Strand, 1911; Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 5: 294, TL: S. Tanganyika, Bismarckburg; Tanganyika, Karema; Kilwa, Maliwe; Mtanga, Ufipa; Sokosi, Ufipa; Kitungulu, Urungu
Papilio demodocus ab. cariei Le Cerf, 1913; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913: 406, TL: Ile Maurice, Curepipe
Papilio demodocus ab. tessmanni Schultze, 1914; Archiv. Naturgesch. 79 (A) 8: 2, TL: Süd Kamerun, Akoafim
Papilio demodocus ab. conflua Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 158, TL: Kamerun, Duala
Papilio demodocus f. epunctatus Le Cerf, 1927; Encycl. ent. Lep. 2: 58, TL: Ile Maurice, Moka
Papilio demodocus demodocus f. minor Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: Bamako, S.O. Soudan, sur les bords du Niger
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. juncta Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: Bamako, S.O. Soudan, sur les bords du Niger
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. semijuncta Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: Côte d'Ivoire (ancienne Haute Volta), Bobo, Diolasso
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. mathieui Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 41, TL: Kalule Nord, Katanga
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. houzeaui Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 41, TL: Bamako, S.O. Soudan, sur les bords du Niger
Papilio demodocus f. longsdoni Krüger, 1937; Ent. Rundsch. 55: 84, TL: Portug. Ostafrika
Papilio demodocus f. oblongula Berio, 1941; Boll. Soc. Ent. Italiana 73: 91, TL: S. Nicolau, Dominga
Papilio demodocus f. viginta Berio, 1941; Boll. Soc. Ent. Italiana 73: 91, TL: [Ghana] Ascianti
Papilio demodocus f. adla Berio, 1941; Boll. Soc. Ent. Italiana 73: 92, TL: Congo Belga
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114, TL: Congo Belge
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. duboisi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114, TL: Elisabethville, Katanga
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. aurantiaca Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114, TL: Congo Belge, Luébo
Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. ochrea Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114, TL: Congo Belge, Léopoldville
Papilio demodocus ab. dufranei Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 41, TL: Uele, Doruma-Sili
Papilio demodocus ab. overlaeti Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 42, TL: Uele, Doruma-Sili
Papilio demodocus f. confluens Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 102, TL: Madagascar, Tananarive
Papilio demodocus f. bennettoides Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 102, TL: Congo ex Belga, Kafakumba
Papilio demodocus f. atromaculatus Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 102, TL: Eritrea, Dorfu presso Asmara, m. 1500 s.l.m
Papilio demodocus f. continua Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103, TL: Eritrea, Himberti
Papilio demodocus f. deminuta Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103, TL: Eritrea centrale, Himberti
Papilio demodocus f. flavocincta Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103, TL: Abissinia sud-occidentale, Dalle
Papilio demodocus f. latevittata Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103, TL: Guinea superiore, Accra
Papilio demodocus f. pseudopraeses Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 104, TL: Somalia meridionale, Belet Amin sul basso Giuba
Papilio demodocus ab. belonota Vári, 1976; Ann. Transv. Mus. 30: 125, TL: Pretoria
Papilio demodocus demodocus ; [BAFR, 30]
Papilio (Princeps) demodocus demodocus ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Yemen (Socotra I.)
Papilio bennetti Dixey, 1898; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1898: 381, TL: Jebel Dryet, 4900ft
Papilio demodocus bennetti ; [BAFR, 30]
Papilio (Princeps) demodocus bennetti ; [AfrL]
Ceylon, India, Burma, AU. See [About maps]
Lime Butterfly
Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 464, TL: Canton
Papilio epius Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 35, TL: China
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio pictus Fruhstorfer, 1898
Papilio demoleus [Wahlberg]
Papilio demoleus demoleus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio demoleus [Don Herbison-Evans]
Princeps demoleus ;
Papilio demoleus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279; [BIR, 395]; [BOR, 60]; [MRS, 156]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
Papilio (Princeps) demoleus ; [AfrL]
![[demoleus-1l.jpg]](_demoleus-1l.jpg)
272x310 (~14Kb) larva Estern Assam [Numarigarh], India, 05 November 2003 Afternoon [Indian name of the tree is Pupnus. It is from lime catagory. Fruits are similar but larger in size], Photo © Kedar Tokekar
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![[demoleus-2.jpg]](_demoleus-2.jpg)
769x513 (~108Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
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![[demoleus-3.jpg]](_demoleus-3.jpg)
769x513 (~113Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
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![[demoleus-4l.jpg]](_demoleus-4l.jpg)
600x400 (~29Kb) larva India: Melghat, 4.10.2008, Photo © Kedar Tokekar
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Larva on
(citrus trees) [BIR] Psoralea tenax,
P. patens [BAUR]
Larva on
Psoralea cinerea,
P. leucantha,
P. patens,
P. pinnata,
P. pustulata,
P. tenax,
Citrus aurantium,
Microcitrus australis K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
Ceylon, India, N.Vietnam, S.China, Hainan
Papilio erithonius Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 67, pl. 232, f. A-B, TL: China; Coromandel
Papilio erithonius var. demoleinus Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 57, TL: China
= Papilio demoleus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio ab. chryseis Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247, TL: Pnom-Penh
Australia
Chequered Swallowtail
Papilio sthenelus MacLeay, [1826]; in King, Narr. Surv. Austr. 2: 457, TL: Australia
Papilio demoleus sthenelus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 282; [BAUR: 88]
Larva on
Psoralea,
Psoralea tenax,
P. patens,
P. cinerea,
P. leucantha,
P. pustulata,
P. badocana,
less Citrus spp.?
Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, S.Vietnam, Peninsular Malaya
Papilio erithonius loc. f. malayanus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 59
Papilio demoleus malayanus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio (Princeps) demoleus malayanus ; [BMP: 67, pl. 3, f. 16]
![[malayanus-1.jpg]](_malayanus-1.jpg)
696x792 (~84Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya environs, Ko Lan island, ruderal vegeation at a roadside. 15th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Larva on
Citrus,
Glycosmis pentaphylla,
Ziziphus jujuba [BMP]
?Sumba, Flores - Alor
Papilio demoleus sthenelinus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 281, TL: Alor
Taiwan, Philippines
Papilio demoleus libanius ; [MRS, 156]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 43, f. 5-8
Larva on
Citrus spp.,
Glycosmis citrifolia,
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides,
Z. nitidum,
Clausena excavata,
Fortunella spp.,
Microcitrus australis,
Atalantia buxifolia,
Psoralea leucantha,
P. patens [MRS]
S.Papua
Papilio demoleus novoguineensis ; [BAUR, 88 (text)]
Larva on
Salvia [BAUR]
Madagascar. See [About maps]
Papilio erithonioides Grose-Smith, 1891; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 7 (37) : 122, TL: North-west coast of Malagasy Republic
Papilio erithonioides ; [BAFR, 30]
Papilio demodocus erithonioides ; Storace, 1955, Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: (?120-137)
Papilio erithonioides ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 5 (text)]
Princeps erithonioides ;
Papilio (Princeps) erithonioides ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Madagascar. See [About maps]
Papilio grosesmithi Rothschild, 1926; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 17: 113, TL: NW.Madagascar
Papilio grose-smithi ?f. praeses Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: [?]288, TL: N.W. Madagascar
Papilio grosesmithi ; [BAFR, 30]
Princeps grosesmithi ;
Papilio (Princeps) grosesmithi ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Madagascar. See [About maps]
Papilio morondavana Grose-Smith, 1891; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 8 (43) : 78, TL: Mahobo, Morondava River, W.Madagascar
Papilio morondavana ; [BAFR, 30]
Papilio (Princeps) morondavana ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
The echerioides species-group
echerioides ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
White-Banded swallowtail
Papilio echerioides Trimen, 1868; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1868: 72, TL: Perie Bush, Sogana and Boolo forests near the river Tsomo, in Kaffraria; Tunjumbili, Tugela frontier of Natal
Papilio echerioides [Wahlberg]
Druryia echerioides ;
Papilio echerioides ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 6, 7]; [BK, 115]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausena inaequalis,
Toddalia lanceolata,
Fagara capensis [PBSA],
Toddalia asiatica,
Zanthoxylum delagoense,
Vepris lanceolata,
Citrus sp. [AfrL]
South Africa, Swaziland
Papilio echerioides echerioides ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides echerioides ; [AfrL]
Cameroun (highlands)
Papilio zoroastres Druce, 1878; Ent. mon. Mag. 14: 226, TL: [Cameroon] "Fernando Po" [error]
Papilio preussius Karsch, 1893; Berl. ent. Z. 38: 368, TL: Buea-Gebirge, 2100m
Papilio zoroastres ab. zoroastroides Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 159, TL: Kamerun, Mussahe
Papilio zoroastres ab. sapponis Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 159, TL: Kamerun, Soppo
Papilio zoroastres barnsi Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152 (preocc. Papilio rex barnsi Le Cerf, 1924), TL: Fernando Po, 3-4000ft
Papilio escherioides gabrieli Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 319, TL: Fernando Po, 3-4000ft
Papilio zoroastres gabrieli ; Canu, 1994, Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 316 (fem. descr.)
Papilio zoroastres ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 6 (text), f. 12 (text)]
Papilio zoroastres barnsi ; [BAFR, 38 (text)]
Papilio zoroastres zoroastres ; [BAFR, 38 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides zoroastres ; [AfrL]
Angola, Congo Republic (Lomami, Shaba, Lualaba, Tanganika), SW.Tanzania, N.Zambia
Papilio homeyeri Plötz, 1880; Stett. ent. Ztg 41: 306, TL: [Angola] Pungo-Adongo
Papilio neumanni Karsch, 1895; Ent. Nachr. 21: 226, TL: Geri (Ssubuso)
Papilio tanganikae Oberthür, 1897; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1897: 190, TL: aux bords du lac Tanganikae
Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. subtanganikae Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 24, TL: Deutsch Ost Afrika
Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. zoroastrides Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 24, TL: Deutsch Ost Afrika
Papilio zoroastres homeyeri ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 12 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides homeyeri ; [AfrL]
E.Kenya, E.Tanzania, N.Tanzania
Papilio echerioides var. wertheri Karsch, 1898; in Werther, Die mittleren Hochländer der nördlichen Deutsch-Ost-Afrika: 315, TL: Tanzania, Mangati
Papilio echerioides rideschi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 93, TL: Modji an Fusse des Kilima-Ndjaro
Papilio echerioides rectofasciata Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 39, TL: Tanzania, Oldeani, 1900m
Papilio echerioides wertheri ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides wertheri ; [AfrL]
Ethiopia (highlands SE of Rift Valley)
Papilio echerioides leucospilus Rothschild, 1902; Novit. Zool. 9: 598, TL: Ethiopia, Gara Mulata near Harar
Papilio echerioides leucospilus ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides leucospilus ; [AfrL]
S.Ethiopia (highlands, W of Rift Valley)
Papilio echerioides oscari Rothschild, 1902; Novit. Zool. 9: 597, TL: Kaffa and Djima
Papilio echerioides oscari ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides oscari ; [AfrL]
Sudan, Uganda, W.Kenya, W.Tanzania, Rwanda, Congo Republic(N.Kivu)
Zoroaster Swallowtail
Papilio zoroastres joiceyi Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152, TL: S. Sudan, Opare Forest and Imatong Mts., 3-4000ft
Papilio zoroastres f.f. pallidochrea Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2], TL: Western Kenya Colony, Mount Elgon
= Papilio escherioides joiceyi ; [AfrL]
Papilio zoroastres joiceyi ; [BAFR, 38]; [BK, 115]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides joiceyi ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Rutaceae [BK],
Teclea sp. [AfrL, Kielland, 1990]
Mozambique (Mt. Gorongosa), E.Zimbabwe
Papilio echerioides chirindanus van Son, 1956; Ann. Transv. Mus. 22: 504, TL: S. Rhodesia, Mount Selinda
Papilio echerioides chirindanus ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides chirindanus ; [AfrL]
NW.Kenya (Mt. Nyiru)
Papilio echerioides nyiro Carcasson, 1962; J. E. Africa Nat. Hist. Soc. Coryndon Mus. 24 (1): 62, TL: Northern Frontier District, Mt. Nyiro, 7000ft
Papilio echerioides nyiro ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides nyiro ; [AfrL]
Malawi
Princeps echerioides shirensis Hancock, 1987; Papilio International 3: 193, TL: Mlanje, 2000'
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides shirensis ; [AfrL]
Congo Republic (Ituri)
Princeps echerioides nioka Hancock, 1989; Papilio International 5: 369, TL: Nioka, Ituri district
Papilio zoroastres joycei ?f. nioka Berger, 1974; Lambillionea 72-73: 70, TL: Kibali-Ituri: Nioka
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides nioka ; [AfrL]
E.Tanzania, SE.Tanzania
Papilio echerioides pseudowertheri Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 39, TL: Ulanga District, Muhulu Forest, 1500m
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides pseudowertheri ; [AfrL]
Tanzania
Papilio echerioides ambangulu Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44, TL: Tanzania, Ambagulu, West Usamabara
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides ambangulu ; [AfrL]
S.Kenya, N.Tanzania
Papilio echerioides kiellandi Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44, TL: Tanazania, Kingarama Forest Reserve, Loliondo
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides kiellandi ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio fuelleborni Karsch, 1900; Ent. Nachr. 26: 353, TL: zwischen Uhehe und Iringa; zwischen Idunda und Iringa in Uhehe
Papilio fuelleborni ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio fulleborni[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 8 (text) (missp.?)]
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausena sp. [AfrL, Kielland, 1990]
E.Tanzania, S.Tanzania, N.Malawi
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni fuelleborni ; [AfrL]
N.Tanzania
Papilio sjöstedti Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 15, TL: German East Africa, Meruberg
Papilio sjostedti ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 8 (text)]
Papilio sjostedti sjostedti ; [BAFR, 38]
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni sjoestedti ; [AfrL]
NE.Tanzania
Papilio fuelleborni rydoni Kielland, 1987; Lambillionea 87: 118, TL: Morogoro, Uluguru Mts, Bondwa Mt, 2100m
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni rydoni ; [AfrL]
N.Tanzania
Papilio fuelleborni neocesa Kemal & Kocak, 2005; 10 (nom. nov.)
Papilio sjöstedti var. atavus Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 336, TL: N.Tanzania (Mt. Kilimanjaro)
Papilio sjostedti atavus ; [BAFR, 38]
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni neocesa ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Jackson's swallowtail
Papilio jacksoni Sharpe, 1891; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891: 188, TL: [Kenya] Kikuyu
Druryia jacksoni ;
Papilio jacksoni ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 12]
Papilio jacksoni jacksoni ; [BK, 115]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausena,
Toddalia [BK],
Clausena anisata [AfrL]
Female mimics Amauris echeria and relatives.
[BK]
Kenya (highlands), E.Uganda
Papilio jacksoni f.f. multimaculata Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 19
Papilio jacksoni jacksoni ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni jacksoni ; [AfrL]
Zaire (Kivu), E.Uganda (L. Mobutu Sese Soko), Rwanda, Burundi
Papilio jacksoni ruandana Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 393, TL: Congo belge oriental, Masisi, N.W. Kivu, 5,000ft
Papilio jacksoni ruandana ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni ruandana ; [AfrL]
NE.Zaire (NW shore of L. Mobutu Sese Soko)
Papilio jacksoni hecqui Berger, 1954; Lambillionea 54: 93, TL: Kibale-Ituri, Nioka
Papilio jacksoni hecqui ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni hecqui ; [AfrL]
W.Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahale Mts.)
Papilio jacksoni kungwe Cottrell, 1963; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 32: 127, TL: Tanganyika, western Province, Mt. Kungwe
Papilio jacksoni kungwe ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni kungwe ; [AfrL]
N.Malawi (Nyika Plaetau), E.Zambia (Nyika plateau)
Papilio jacksoni nyika Cottrell, 1963; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 32: 127, TL: Nyassaland, Nyika Plateau, and Northern Rhodesia border
Papilio jacksoni nyika ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni nyika ; [AfrL]
SW.Sudan (Imatong Mts.)
Papilio jacksoni imatonga Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44, TL: Sudan, Imagong Mountains
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni imatonga ; [AfrL]
The oribazus species-group
oribazus ; [AfrL]
E.Madagascar. See [About maps]
Papilio oribazus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 223, TL: Madagascar
Druryia oribazus ;
Papilio oribazus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 24 (text), pl. 90, f. 11 (text)]; [BAFR, 21]
Papilio (Princeps) oribazus ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio epiphorbas Boisduval, 1833; Nouv. Annls Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 161, TL: Sainte-Marie and Madagascar
Druryia epiphorbas ;
Papilio epiphorbas ; [BAFR, 21]; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 8]
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas ; [AfrL]
Madagascar
Papilio epiphorbas f.indiv. hova Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 386, TL: Tamatave
Papilio epiphorbas f.indiv. oriphorbas Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 386, TL: Tananarive
Papilio epiphorbas epiphorbas ; [AfrL]; [AfrL]
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas epiphorbas ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Comoro I. (Anjouan)
Papilio epiphorbas guyonnaudi Turlin & Guilbot, 1990; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (7-8): 214, TL: Ajaho, 50, Ile d'Anjouan, Comores
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas guyonnaudi ; [AfrL]
Comoro I. (Grand Comore)
Papilio epiphorbas praedicta Turlin & Guilbot, 1990; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (7-8): 216, TL: Trou de Prophète, Mitsamiouli, Littoral nord de Grande Comore
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas praedicta ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Noble swallowtail
Papilio nobilis Rogenhofer, 1891; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 42: 563, TL: Africa Orientalis, Pare
Princeps nobilis ;
Papilio nobilis ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 18]; [BK, 111]
Papilio (Princeps) nobilis ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Warburgia ugandensis [AfrL, Van Someren, 1974]
Kenya (highlands), Lake Victoria (N and W shores), E.Uganda, NW.Tanzania
Papilio pringlei Sharpe, 1894; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1894 (3): 352, TL: Kikuyu to Victoria Nyanza via Sotik
Papilio nobilis f. mariabonaparte Bryk, 1929; Soc. Ent. 44: 22, TL: Deutsch-Ostafrika
Papilio nobilis f. nobilissima Bryk, 1929; Soc. Ent. 44: 22, TL: Zentral-Afrika
Papilio nobilis pallidus Stoneham, 1931; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (1): 1, TL: Kenya Colony, Tranz-Nzoia District
Papilio nobilis f.ab. josetta Smart, 1976; Illust. Encyp. Butt. World: 274, TL: Ugan.
Papilio nobilis nobilis ; [BAFR, 16]
Papilio (Princeps) nobilis nobilis ; [AfrL]
S.Sudan
Papilio nobilis didingensis Carpenter, 1928; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 76: 30, TL: Sudan, Didinga
Papilio (Princeps) nobilis didingensis ; [AfrL]
Congo Republic (Kivu), W.Uganda (Ruwenzori, Ankole, Kigezi), W.Kenya, NW.Tanzania?
Papilio nobilis crippsianus Stoneham, 1936; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (30): 2, TL: Western Uganda Protectorate, Kalinzu Forest
Papilio nobilis leroyi Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 20, TL: Kivu, Rutshuru
Papilio nobilis crippsianus ; [BAFR, 16]
Papilio (Princeps) nobilis crippsianus ; [AfrL]
W.Tanzania
Papilio nobilis mpanda Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 43, TL: Mpanda, Kampisa River, 1500m
Papilio (Princeps) nobilis mpanda ; [AfrL]
The hesperus species-group
hesperus ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Emperor swallotail
Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843; Arcana entomologica, 1: 189, TL: Gold Coast [error, = Cameroon]
Papilio hesperus [Wahlberg]
Princeps hesperus ;
Papilio hesperus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 10]
Papilio (Princeps) hesperus ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Beilschmiedia ugandensis,
Beilschmiedia sp. [AfrL]
Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo, Congo Republic, Uganda, NW.Tanzania, N.Zambia
Papilio horribilis var. calabaricus Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 649, TL: Isubu, Mongo-ma-lobah
= Papilio hesperus ; Larsen, 2005
= ; [AfrL]
Papilio hesperus maculatissimus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 95, TL: Nordwest Camerun, Ndian
Papilio hesperus f. additionis Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturgesch. 79 A (2): 175, TL: Bukoba
Papilio hesperus f. bukoba Richelmann, 1913; Int. ent. Z. 7: 106, TL: Bei Bukoba am Viktoria-See
Papilio hesperus ?ab. dualana Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 160, TL: Duala, Kamerun
Papilio hesperus var. kassaiensis Moreau, 1917; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1917: 126, TL: Congo Belge, district de Kassai, entre les rivières Louébo et Loangué
Papilio embodinus Ehrmann, 1921; Lepidoptera 5 (2): 18, TL: E. Africa
Papilio hesperus f.indiv. insolitus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 384, TL: Congo Belge, Luluabourg, Kassai
Papilio hesperus m.f. rufopuncta Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [3], TL: Uganda Protectorate, Mabira Forest
Papilio hesperus hesperus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103, TL: Bord de la Lomela environs de Gombé
Papilio hesperus hesperus ab. blariauxi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103, TL: Longatshimo, 85 km. de Tshikapa, Kasai
Papilio hesperus hesperus ab. cuvelieri Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103, TL: Congo Belge, Punia, Kivu
Papilio hesperus hesperus f. mariae Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 43, TL: Kivu, rivière Muana
Papilio hesperus hesperus f. punctata Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 43, TL: Kivu, rivière Muana
Papilio hesperus hesperus ; [BAFR, 16]
Papilio (Princeps) hesperus hesperus ; [AfrL]
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Papilio hesperus feae Storace, 1963; Mem. Soc. Ent. Italiana 42: 99, TL: Punta Frailes
Papilio hesperus feae ; [BAFR, 16 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) hesperus feae ; [AfrL]
S.Sudan
Papilio hesperus sudana Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 151, TL: Sudan, Lotti Forest
Papilio hesperus sudana ; [BAFR, 16 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) hesperus sudana ; [AfrL]
South Africa (Transkei - Natal - Transvaal), Swaziland. See [About maps]
Papilio euphranor Trimen, 1868; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1868: 70, TL: Kaffraria Proper, Boolo Forest, near Tsomo, a tributary of the Kei
Papilio euphranor moratus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 381, TL: Natal, Alfred District, Impetenyeni Forest, 3000ft
Papilio euphranor ; [BAFR, 18]; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 22 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) euphranor ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Cryptocarya woodii [PBSA]
S.Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. See [About maps]
Papilio horribilis Butler, 1874; Lepid. Exotica (11): 88 (1872), TL: Cape Coast, Fantee
Papilio hermes Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 142, TL: Haut Cavally, hinterland franco-liberién, Mission franco-liberiénne; Sierra Leone
Papilio hermes var. pellax Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 142, TL: Haut Cavally, hinterland franco-liberién, Mission franco-liberiénne
Papilio horribilis ; [BAFR, 18]
Papilio (Princeps) horribilis ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Beilschmiedia manni? [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio pelodurus Butler, 1896; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 720, TL: Nyasaland, Zomba
Papilio pelodorus[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 10 (text) (missp.?)]
Papilio (Princeps) pelodurus ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Cryptocarya liebertiana,
Ocotea usambarensis [AfrL]
highland forest (Malawi)
Papilio pelodurus pelodurus f.indiv. lyrus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 382, TL: Nyasaland, Mlanje
Papilio pelodurus pelodurus f.indiv. extensus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 382, TL: Nyasaland, Zomba
Papilio pelodurus pelodurus ; [BAFR, 18]
Papilio (Princeps) pelodurus pelodurus ; [AfrL]
E.Tanzania, S.Tanzania, NE.Zambia, N.Malawi
Papilio pelodurus vesper Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 383, TL: German East Africa
Papilio pelodurus ab. histricus Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 142, TL: Afrique orientale allemande, Tanga
Papilio pelodurus vesper f.indiv. excedens Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 383, TL: German east Africa
Papilio pelodurus vesper ; [BAFR, 18 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) pelodurus vesper ; [AfrL]
The menestheus species-group
demolion; (part)
menestheus ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Western emperor swallowtail
Papilio menestheus Drury, 1773; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 2: 15, TL: Sierra Leon
Papilio menestheus ; [BAFR, 28]
Papilio mnestheus[sic?] ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 16]
Princeps menestheus ;
Papilio (Princeps) menestheus ; [AfrL]
Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, W.Cameroon
Papilio menestheus ab. pygmaeus Aurivillius, 1899; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5) : 478, TL: Kamerun
Papilio menestheus ab. unimaculatus Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 158, TL: Duala
Papilio menestheus v. lormieri ab. latefasciatus Schultze, 1917; Archiv. Biontologie 4 (2): 20, TL: Südkamerun, Bipindi
Papilio (Princeps) menestheus menestheus ; [AfrL]
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Papilio menestheus canui Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 316, TL: Insel Bioko, Strand bei Ureca
Papilio (Princeps) menestheus canui ; [AfrL]
-. See [About maps]
Central emperor swallowtail
Papilio lormieri Distant, 1874; Ent. mon. Mag. 11: 129, TL: [French West Africa] Madagascar [error]
Papilio lormieri [Wahlberg]
Princeps lormieri ;
Papilio lormieri ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 13]
Papilio (Princeps) lormieri ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausena anisata,
Fagaropsis sp.,
Teclea spp.,
Fagara macrophylla [AfrL]
Cameroon, Congo Republic, N.Angola, SW.Sudan
Papilio menestheus v. lormieri ab. bassana Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturgesch. 79 A (2): 24, TL: Kamerun, Bassagebiet a. Lom.
Papilio menestheus var. aureus Moreau, 1917; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1917: 126, TL: Congo belge, district de Kassaï comprise entre les rivières Louébo et Loangué
Papilio menestheus lormieri ab. cuvelieri Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114, TL: Punia, Kivu
Papilio lormieri lormieri ; [BAFR, 29]
Papilio (Princeps) lormieri lormieri ; [AfrL]
NE.Congo Republic (E.Kivu), W.Uganda, NW.Tanzania
Papilio menestheus-lormieri semlikana Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 388, TL: Semliki River
Papilio lormieri semlikana ; [BAFR, 29 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) lormieri semlikana ; [AfrL]
E.Uganda, C.Uganda, W.Kenya
Lormier's Swallowtail
Central Emperor Swallowtail
Papilio lormieri neocrocea Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. Papilio lormieri crocea Storace, 1955)
Papilio lormieri f. ophidicephaloides Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 18, TL: Uganda, Mabira Forest
Papilio lormieri f. rufopunctata Stoneham, 1951; The butts W Kenya ...: 18
Papilio lormieri crocea Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 132 (preocc. Papilio croceus Fourcroy, 1785), TL: Entebbe; Mabera Forest; Kibanga; Kyetume; Mubango
Papilio lormieri crocea ; [BAFR, 29 (text)]; [BK, 114]
Papilio (Princeps) lormieri neocrocea ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Rutaceaea,
Clausema [BK]
-. See [About maps]
Emperor Swallowtail
Papilio ophidicephalus Oberthür, 1878; Étud. d'Ent. 3 : 13, TL: aux montagnes de Schimba, sur la Côte, en face de l'île de Zanzibar; Bashee River, Kaffraria
Papilio ophidicephalus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 19]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Clausema inqequalis,
Fagara capensis,
Calodendron capense,
Citrus [PBSA],
Clausena anisata,
Zanthoxylum sp.,
Zanthoxylum delagoense,
Z. davyi,
Z. capense [AfrL]
E.Kenya, Tanzania, NE.Zambia, SE.Congo Republic
Papilio ophidicephalus ophidicephalus ; [BAFR, 30]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus ophidicephalus ; [AfrL]
Natal
Papilio ophidicephalus phalusco Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 103, TL: Natal
Papilio ophidicephalus phalusco ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus phalusco ; [AfrL]
W.Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Papilio ophidicephalus chirinda van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 59, TL: SE.Rhodesia, Chirinda Forest
Papilio obidicephalus chirinda var. barnesi van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 60, TL: Southern Rhodesia, Vumba Mountains, Umtali District
Papilio ophidicephalus chirinda ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus chirinda ; [AfrL]
Transvaal
Papilio ophidicephalus entabeni van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 60, TL: Northern Transvaal, Entabeni, Zoutpansberg range
Papilio ophidicephalus entabeni ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus entabeni ; [AfrL]
Transvaal
Papilio ophidicephalus transvaalensis van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 61, TL: North Transvaal, Woodbush, Pietersburg District
Papilio ophidicephalus transvaalensis ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus transvaalensis ; [AfrL]
Swaziland, Tranvaal
Papilio ophidicephalus ayresi van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 62, TL: North-east Transvaal, Marieps Mountain, boundary of Lydenburg and Pietersburg Districts
Papilio ophidicephalus ayresi ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus ayresi ; [AfrL]
Zululand
Papilio ophidicephalus zuluensis van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 63, TL: Zululand, Eshowe
Papilio ophidicephalus zuluensis ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus zuluensis ; [AfrL]
S.Zambia
Papilio ophidicephalus cottrelli van Son, 1966; Ann. Transv. Mus. 25 (4): 81, TL: N. Rhodesia, Kamaila Forest Reserve, Chisamba
Papilio ophidicephalus cottrelli ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus cottrelli ; [AfrL]
SW.Tanzania, N.Malawi, NE.Zambia
Papilio ophidicephalus mkuwadzi Gifford, 1961; Entomologist 94: 288, TL: Nyasaland, Mkuwadzi forest, Nkata Bay District
Papilio ophidicephalus mkuwadzi ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus mkuwadzi ; [AfrL]
C.Malawi, S.Malawi
Papilio ophidicephalus niassicola Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 130, TL: Niassa, Linderdale
Papilio ophidicephalus niassicola ; [BAFR, 30 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus niassicola ; [AfrL]
The incertae sedis species-group
incertae sedis ; [AfrL]
Cameroon. See [About maps]
Papilio andronicus Ward, 1871; Ent. mon. Mag. 8: 121, TL: Cameroon
Papilio chionicus Karsch, 1893; Berl. ent. Z. 38: 370, TL: Barombi Station
Papilio andronicus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 20 (text)]; [BAFR, 33]
Papilio (Princeps) andronicus ; [AfrL]
Angola. See [About maps]
Papilio chitondensis Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966; Archivos do Museu Bocage (2) 1: 163, TL: Roça Chitonde-Jungo-Novo Redondo
Papilio (Princeps) chitondensis ; [AfrL]
SW.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, E.Zaire (Kivu). See [About maps]
Papilio leucotaenia Rothschild, 1908; Ent. mon. Mag. 44: 249, TL: German East Africa, Rugoge Forest, east of the south end of Lake Kivu, 2100-2300m
Princeps leucotaenia ;
Papilio leucotaenia ; [BAFR, 18]
Papilio (Princeps) leucotaenia ; [AfrL]
Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Uganda, E.Zaire, S.Sudan. See [About maps]
MacKinnon's Swallowtail
Papilio mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891: 187, TL: Between Sotik and Kavirondo, Kikuyu
Druryia mackinnoni ;
Papilio mackinnoni ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 15]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni ; [AfrL]
Larva on
Rutaceae,
Clausema,
Toddalia,
Citrus [BK],
Teclea simplicifolia,
T. nobilis,
T. tricocarpa [AfrL]
S.Sudan, Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, NE.Tanzania
Papilio mackinnoni immaculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 96, TL: Hinterlande von Usambara
Papilio mackinnoni bimaculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 96, TL: Hinterlande von Usambara
Papilio mackinnoni f.indiv. unimaculatus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 384, TL: Usambara hinterland
Papilio mackinnnoni[sic] var. elgonia Bryk, 1926; J. East Afr. Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc. (25): 89, TL: Mt. Elgon, 8300ft
Papilio mackinnoni ab. ampliusmaculata Krüger, 1928; Int. ent. Z. 22: 255, TL: Mt. Elgon Gebiet
Papilio mackinnoni mackinnoni f. addenda Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 43, TL: Kivu, rivière Muana
Papilio mackinnoni mackinnoni ; [BAFR, 18]; [BK, 111]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni mackinnoni ; [AfrL]
C.Angola (highlands)
Papilio mackinnoni benguellae Jordan, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15: 253, TL: Cuval River, Benguella
Papilio mackinnoni benguellae ; [BAFR, 18 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni benguellae ; [AfrL]
S.Zaire (Shaba), NW.Zambia
Papilio mackinnoni theodori Riley, 1921; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1921: 234, TL: N.W. Rhodesia, Solwezi
Papilio mackinnoni theodori ; [BAFR, 18 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni theodori ; [AfrL]
NE.Zambia, W.Tanzania, N.Malawi
Princeps (Druryia) mackinnoni isokae Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 187, TL: Chowa Forest, Nyika Plateau, 2300m
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni isokae ; [AfrL]
E.Tanzania
Papilio mackinnoni mpwapwana Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 42, TL: Tanzania, Mpwapwa, Rubeho Mts, Mangalisa Mt, 2200m
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni mpwapwana ; [AfrL]
N.Tanzania, S.Kenya
Papilio mackinnoni reductofascia Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 41, TL: Arusha, Longido, 2600m
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni reductofascia ; [AfrL]
Madagascar. See [About maps]
Papilio mangoura Hewitson, 1875; Ent. mon. Mag. 11: 226, TL: Madagascar
Papilio mangoura ; [BAFR, 28]
Princeps mangoura ;
Papilio mangoura ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 4 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) mangoura ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Mauritius
Papilio manlius Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.): 422, TL: Isle de France
Papilio manlius ; [BAFR, 22]
Papilio (Princeps) manlius ; [AfrL]
Ethiopia, N.Somalia. See [About maps]
Papilio aethiops microps Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 52, TL: Shoa, Abyssinia centrale
Papilio aethiops Rothschild & Jordan, 1905; Novit. Zool. 12: 190 (preocc. Papilio aethiops Esper, 1777, Papilio aethiops Palisot de Beauvois, [1805]), TL: Wori to Gamitscha, Kaffa
Papilio aethiops ab. elicola Strand, 1911; Ent. Rundsch. 28: 140, TL: Abyssinien, Eli
Papilio aethieps f. oribazoides Carpenter, 1935; Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. 83: 331, TL: Abyssinia, Saki (Shaki) R., Mocha district, 7°26', 35°26', 5800ft
Papilio aethiops ab. ragazzii Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 40, TL: Scioa, Scitalit, torrente Mantec
Papilio aethiopsis Hancock, 1983; Smithersia 2: 38 (repl. Papilio aethiops Rothschild & Jordan)
Papilio yildizae Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. Papilio aetihops Rothschild & Jordan)
Papilio aethiops ; [BAFR, 23]
Papilio (Princeps) microps ; [AfrL]
Papilio phorbanta Linnaeus, 1771; Mantissa Plant. 2: 535, TL: [Reunion]
Papilio (Princeps) phorbanta ; [AfrL]
Reunion
Papilio disparilis Boisduval, 1833; Nouv. Annls Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 163, TL: Bourbon
Papilio phorbanta phorbanta ; [BAFR, 21]
Papilio (Princeps) phorbanta phorbanta ; [AfrL]
Seychelles Is.
Papilio disparilis var. nana Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 54
Papilio phorbanta nana ; [BAFR, 21 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) phorbanta nana ; [AfrL]
The demolion species-group
demolion; (part, include into menestheus group?)
Burma, Siam, Malaysia, Sumatra. See [About maps]
Banded Swallowtail
Papilio demolion Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 140, pl. 89, f. A, B, TL: Java
?Papilio messius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 72
Papilio demolion demolion [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Menelaides demolion ;
Papilio demolion ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 282; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 16]; [BOR, 62]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Larva on
Luvunga scandens,
Citrus Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
S.Burma, Thailand - Singapore, Sumatra, Java - Lombok, N.Borneo
Papilio cresphontes Fabricius, 1938; in Bryk, Systema Glossatorum: 48 (preocc.)
Papilio demolion demolion ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106
Papilio (Princeps) demolion demolion ; [BMP: 68, pl. 4, f. 1]
Larva on
Luvunga scandens [BMP]
Nias
Papilio demolion energetes Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 72
Philippines (Palawan)
Papilio demolion delostenus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 1-2
S.India (W.Ghats). See [About maps]
Malabar Banded Swallowtail
Papilio liomedon Moore, [1875]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4): 575, TL: Calicut, Malabar Coast
Papilio demolion liomedon ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 283
Papilio liomedon ; [BIR, 394]; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 16 (text)]; [BOR, 60]
Celebes. See [About maps]
Papilio gigon C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 318, 366, TL: Celebes
Papilio gigon Gray, 1856; List Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1: 27 (nom. nud.)65
Menelaides gigon ;
Papilio gigon ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 283; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 16 (text)]; [BOR, 62]
New Guinea. See [About maps]
Papilio euchenor Guérin-Méneville, 1829; Voyage Coquille, 2 (2) : pl. 13 (1830), f. 3, TL: New Guinea
Papilio axion Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.), 1: 41, TL: New Guinea
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339
Papilio euchenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 5]
Larva on
Citrus?,
Evodia [BAUR]
West Irian - Papua, Waigeu, Dampier
Papilio euchenor euchenor ; [BAUR, 88]
D'Entrecasteaux, Woodlark
Papilio godarti Montrouzier, 1856; Annls Sci. Phys. Lyon (2) 8: 398, TL: Woodlark I.
Papilio euchenor godarti ; [BAUR, 89 (text)]
Jobi
Papilio eutropius Janson, 1886; Cruise of Marchesa 2: 376, TL: Jobie I.
Papilio euchenor ab. eutropius ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339
Papilio euchenor eutropius ; [BAUR, 88 (text)]
Aru
Papilio euchenor obsolescens Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339, TL: Aru Islands
Papilio euchenor obsolescens ; [BAUR, 88 (text)]
New Britain, Duke of York Group
Papilio euchenor depilis Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 340, TL: New Britain
Papilio euchenor depilis Rothschild; [BAUR, 89]
Kai Is.
Papilio euchenor naucles ; [BAUR, 88 (text)]
Misool Is.
Papilio euchenor misolensis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 169, TL: Misol
Papilio euchenor misolensis ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106; [BAUR, 88 (text)]
Biak
Papilio euchenor comma ; [BAUR, 89 (text)]
Rossel Is.
Papilio euchenor rosselanus ; [BAUR, 89 (text)]
Sudest I.
Papilio euchenor sudestensis ; [BAUR, 89 (text)]
Misima I.
Papilio euchenor misimanus ; [BAUR, 89 (text)]
New Ireland
Papilio euchenor novohibernicus ; [BAUR, 89 (text)]
New Hanover I.
Papilio euchenor neohannoveranus ; [BAUR, 89 (text)]
Dampier I.
Papilio euchenor subcoerulea Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 193, TL: Dampier Island
Philippines (Marinduque). See [About maps]
Menelaides luzviae ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 10, pl. 57, f. 4-6 (uncert. status)
Philippnes (Mindoro). See [About maps]
Menelaides "pseudluzviae"
Menelaides "pseudluzviae" ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 10, pl. 58, f. 3-5 (hybdrid?)
The anactus species-group
Australia (Queensland - New South Wales). See [About maps]
Dingy Swallowtail
Papilio anactus MacLeay, [1826]; in King, Narr. Surv. Austr. 2: 458, TL: Austr. occ.
Papilio anactus [Don Herbison-Evans]
Eleppone anactus ;
Papilio anactus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 12]; [BAUR, 106]
Larva on
Citrus paradisi,
Poncitrus trifoliata Dunn, 1995, Victorian Ent. 25 (5): -,
Citrus limon,
C. sinensis,
C. spp.,
Eremocitrus glauca,
Limonia acidissima,
Microcitrus australasica,
M. australis,
M. garrawayae,
M. inodora K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
New Guinea - New South Wales. See [About maps]
Papilio aegeus Donovan, 1805; Epitome nat. Hist. Ins. New Holland: pl. 14, TL: New South Wales
Papilio erectheus Donovan, 1805; Epitome nat. Hist. Ins. New Holland: pl. 15
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 304
Papilio oberon Grose-Smith, 1897
Papilio doddi Oberthür, 1916
?f. albator Niepelt, 1916; in Strand, Lepid. Niepeltiana 2: 21, pl. 13
Papilio aegeus [Don Herbison-Evans]
erechtheus ; Boisduval, 1832, (misspelling)
Menelaides aegeus ;
Papilio aegeus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 304; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 5, 6]
Larva on
Citrus,
Geijera salicifolia,
G. parviflora,
Flindersia [BAUR],
Poncitrus trifoliata,
Citrus sinensis,
C. reticulata,
C. paradisi Dunn, 1995, Victorian Ent. 25 (5): -,
Cinnamomum camphora,
Cryptocarya glaucescens,
Aristolochia elegans,
Capparis nobilis,
Acronychia sp.,
Choisya ternata,
Citrus aurantium,
C. aurantifolia,
C. limon,
C. medica,
C. paradisi,
C. reticulata,
C. sinensis,
C. spp.,
Clausena brevistyla,
Eriostemon lanceolatus,
E. myoporoides,
Fagara sp.,
Flindersia australis,
F. bennettiana,
F. collina,
F. ifflaiana,
F. laevicarpa,
F. oppositifolia,
F. pimenteliana,
F. schottiana,
F. xanthoxyla,
Fortunella spp.,
Geijera parviflora,
G. salicifolia,
Halfordia sp.,
Melicope erythrococca,
M. melanophloia,
Microcitrus australasica,
M. australis,
M. garrawayae,
M. inodora,
Micromelum minutum,
Murraya koenigii,
Phebalium ambiens,
P. dentatum,
P. sp.,
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides,
Z. brachyacanthum,
Z. nitidum,
Z. veneficum,
Zieria laevigata,
Z. smithii,
Owenia venosa,
Daucus carota,
Petroselium crispum,
Apium graveolens K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
Cape York - E.Victoria, S.Australia
Orchard Swallowtail
Papilio aegeus f. tullia Waterhouse, 1932; Aust. Zool. 7: 196
Papilio aegeus f. beatrix Waterhouse, 1908; Vict. Nat. 25: 118
Papilio aegeus aegeus ; [BAUR, 100]
Banda Group
Papilio adrastus C. & R. Felder, [1864]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 110, n. 84, pl. 16, TL: Banda Is.
f. priasa Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 65
f. tellias Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 65
Papilio aegeus adrastus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 308; [BAUR, 100 (text)]
Biak
Papilio othello Grose-Smith, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 332, TL: Biak
f. desmedona Jordan, 1909; 66
f. thuria Jordan, 1909; 66
f. obscurata Joicey & Noakes, 1915; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 (2): 177, pl. 21
Papilio aegeus ormenus ♀-ab. othello ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 307
Papilio aegeus othello ; [BAUR, 102]
Papilio aegeus othello f. desmedona ; [BAUR, 102, f.]
Papilio aegeus othello f. thuria ; [BAUR, 102, f.]
Papilio aegeus othello f. obscurata ; [BAUR, 102 (text)]
New Ireland, New Hanover
Papilio oritas Godman & Salvin, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 654, TL: New Ireland
f. ximene Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 67
f. capsus Ribbe, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12: 153
Papilio oritas ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
Papilio aegeus oritas f. ximene ; [BAUR, 103, f.]
Papilio aegeus oritas f. capsus ; [BAUR, 103, f.]
New Britain
Papilio websteri Grose-Smith, 1894; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 13 (78): 496, TL: New Britain
Papilio aegeus bismarckianus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 308, TL: New Britain
f. sopaea Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 67
Papilio websteri ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 300
Papilio aegeus websteri ; [BAUR, 102 (text)]
Kai Is.
aegeus keianus Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool.: 422
f. amaranta Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool.: 422
f. blanca Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 305, 308
Papilio aegeus keianus f. blanca ; [BAUR, 101, f.]
Papilio aegeus keianus ; [BAUR, 100 (text)]
Goram Is.
aegeus goramensis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 172
Papilio aegeus goramensis ; [BAUR, 100 (text)]
Watubela Is., Goram I.
aegeus kissuanus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 172
Papilio aegeus kissuanus ; [BAUR, 100 (text)]
Noemfoor Is.
aegeus aegatinus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 172
aegeus aegatinus f. melia Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 173
aegeus aegatinus f. myrtis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 173
Papilio aegeus aegatinus f. melia ; [BAUR, 102 (text)]
Papilio aegeus aegatinus f. myrtis ; [BAUR, 102 (text)]
Papilio aegeus aegatinus ; [BAUR, 102 (text)]
Moluccas
Papilio tydeus C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (8): 229, TL: Batjan
Papilio tydeus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 304
Menelaides tydeus ;
Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera, Morotai
Papilio tydeus tydeus ; [BAUR, 102]
Obi
Papilio tydeus obiensis ; [BAUR, 104]
Bougain. See [About maps]
Papilio bridgei Mathew, 1886; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 349, pl. 34, f. 2, TL: Treasury I.
Papilio bridgei ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 309
Menelaides bridgei ;
Larva on
Citrus [BAUR]
Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Shortland, Treasury Is., Fauro Is.
Papilio bridgei bridgei ; [BAUR, 104]
Papilio bridgei bridgei f. gorei Ribbe²; [BAUR, 105, f.]
Florida Is.
Papilio bridgei ortegae ; [BAUR, 104 (text)]
Guadalcanar
Papilio hecataeus Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 213, TL: Guadalcanar I.
Papilio hecataeus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 310
Papilio bridgei hecataeus ; [BAUR, 104 (text)]
Ugi, San Cristobal
Papilio tryoni Mathew, 1889; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889 (2): 315, TL: Ugi I., Solomon Is.
Papilio bridgei tryoni ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 310; [BAUR, 104 (text)]
New Georgia Group
Papilio prospero Grose-Smith, 1889; Ent. Mon. Mag. 25: 302, TL: Rubiana Lagoon
Papilio prospero ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 311
Papilio bridgei prospero ; [BAUR, 104 (text)]
Manus Island, Admiralty Is.. See [About maps]
Papilio weymeri Niepelt, 1914; Lepidoptera Niepeltana (1): 53, TL: Admiralty Islands
cartereti Oberthür²
Menelaides weymeri ;
Papilio weymeri ; [BAUR, 104]
Menelaides weymeri ;
Serang, Moluccas, Amboina
Papilio gambrisius Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 95, pl. 157, f. A, B, TL: Amboina
Papilio amphitrion Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 10, pl. 7, f. A, B (nom. nud.?)
Papilio fusconiger Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 88
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303
Papilio drusius Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 63, 64, pl. 229, f. A, pl. 230, f. A, TL: Amboina
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303
Papilio drimachus Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 31, TL: Amboina
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303
Papilio gambrisius ♂-ab. abbreviatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303, TL: Celebes?
Menelaides gambrisius ;
Papilio amphitrion ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 302
Papilio gambrisius ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 3]
Serang, Ambon
Papilio gambrisius gambrisius ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 107; [BAUR, 106]
Buru
Papilio gambrisius buruanus ; [BAUR, 106]
Romang, Babar, Damar, Tanimbar
Papilio inopinatus Butler, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883: 370, TL: Maroe I., Tenimber I.
inopinatus kosmos Fruhstorfer²
Menelaides inopinatus ;
Papilio inopinatus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 309; [BAUR, 106]
Bougain, Solomon Is.. See [About maps]
Papilio woodfordi Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 100, TL: Alu & Fauro, Solomon Is.
Menelaides woodfordi ;
Papilio woodfordi ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301; [BOW: pl. 135, f. 9]
Larva on
Citrus [BAUR]
Bougainville, Shortland Is.
Papilio woodfordi woodfordi ; [BAUR, 98]
Choiseul
Papilio woodfordi choiseuli ; [BAUR, 98 (text)]
New Georgia Group
Papilio laarchus Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 214, TL: Rubiana I.
Papilio laarchus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 300
Papilio woodfordi laarchus ; [BAUR, 98 (text)]
Santa Isabel
Papilio ariel Grose-Smith, 1889; Ent. Mon. Mag. 25: 303, TL: Isabel I.
Papilio laarchus ariel ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301
Papilio woodfordi ariel ; [BAUR, 98 (text)]
Ugi Is.
Papilio erskinei Mathew, 1886; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 348, pl. 34, f. 1, TL: Ugi I, Solomon Is.
Papilio erskinei ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 300; [BAUR, 98 (text)]
Papilio woodfordi erskinei ;
Guadalcanal, Florida Is.. See [About maps]
Papilio ptolychus Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 99, TL: Guadalcanar I.
Menelaides ptolychus ;
Papilio ptolychus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301; [BAUR, 98]
The godeffroyi species-group
Samoa
Papilio godeffroyi Semper, 1866; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2: 469, pl. 24, f. 1-2, TL: Upolu
Papilio godeffroyi ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 7]
New Caledonia, , Loyalty Is., Norfolk Is.
Papilio amynthor Boisduval, 1859; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1859: 155, TL: New Caledonia
Papilio ilioneus Donovan, 1805; Epitome nat. Hist. Ins. New Holland: pl. 13 (?preocc.), TL: "New South Wales" [error]
Papilio amphiaraus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 321, 369 (repl. Papilio ilioneus Donovan, 1805)
Papilio abstrusus Butler, [1876]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875 (4): 618, TL: Maré, Loyalty Is.
Papilio ilioneus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 337
Menelaides amynthor ;
Papilio ilioneus ; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 9]
?Papilio amynthor ilioneus ; [BAUR, 100 (text)]
Papilio amynthor amynthor ; [BAUR, 100]
Papilio ilioneus ab. amynthor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 337
Fiji
Papilio schmeltzi Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Stettin. ent. Ztg. 30 (1-3): 78, pl. 1, f. 1, TL: Ovalau
Papilio schmeltzi ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338; [BAUR, 100]
The polytes species-group
NW.India, Ceylon, India, Burma, Himalayas, W.China, Riu-Kiu. See [About maps]
Common Mormon
Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 460, TL: S.China
Papilio walkeri Janson, 1879; Cistula ent. 2 (21): 433, pl. 8, f. 2, TL: S.India
Papilio depicta Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38 (27 February)
Papilio ocha Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38 (27 February)
Papilio ab. chrysos Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247, TL: Pnom-Penh, Cambodia
Papilio ab. inaequalis Murayama, 1958; New Ent. 7 (1): 27, TL: Formosa
Papilio ab. nubes Murayama, 1958; New Ent. 7 (1): 27, TL: Formosa
Papilio abdulasizia Tung, 1982; Tokurana (4): 58
Papilio astyanax Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 13 (preocc.)
Papilio hector de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 39 (preocc.)
Papilio chalcas Fabricius, 1938; in Bryk, Systema Glossatorum: 24. (preocc.)
Papilio polytes polytes [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio walkeri ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338
Menelaides polytes ;
Papilio polytes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343; [BIR, 392]; [BOR, 72]; [MRS, 134]
Menelaides polytes ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
![[polytes-1v.jpg]](_polytes-1v.jpg)
769x513 (~72Kb) underside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
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![[polytes-2.jpg]](_polytes-2.jpg)
769x513 (~72Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
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![[polytes-3l.jpg]](_polytes-3l.jpg)
600x400 (~43Kb) larva India: Pune, 15.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
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![[polytes-3la.jpg]](_polytes-3la.jpg)
600x400 (~40Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
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![[polytes-3lb.jpg]](_polytes-3lb.jpg)
600x400 (~31Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
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![[polytes-3lx.jpg]](_polytes-3lx.jpg)
600x400 (~33Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
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![[polytes-3u.jpg]](_polytes-3u.jpg)
600x400 (~40Kb) upperside India: Pune, 13.9.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
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![[polytes.jpg]](_polytes.jpg)
1024x768 (~79Kb) Oppadake, Okinawa, Ryukyu, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
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Larva on
Citrus spp.,
Clausena lansium,
Fortunella japonica,
Glycosmis citricola,
Zanthoxylum avicennae,
Z. nitidum,
Toddalia asiatica [MRS],
Murraya,
Triphasia,
Aegle,
Euodia,
Clausena,
Atalantia,
Poncirus [BMP]
polytes f. pammon; (female form)
Papilio pammon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 460, TL: Asia
![[pammon-1f.jpg]](_pammon-1f.jpg)
1049x776 (~102Kb) female Oppadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
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Mimics Pachliopta aristolochiae.
Princeps heroicus stichius Hübner, [1808]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 11808, TL: pl. [112]
polytes f. stichius ; [BIR, 393]
Papilio polytes ♀-ab. stichius ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 347
Indo-China, China, Taiwan
Papilio polytes var. borealis C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (1): 22, TL: Ning-Po
= ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
Papilio pammon var. thibetanus Oberthür, 1886; Étud. d'Ent. 11 : 14, TL: Chapa
= ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
Papilio polytes yunnana Mell, 1938; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 52: 313 (preocc. Papilio yunnana Oberthür, 1907)
= ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
Papilio polytes flavolineatus Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000; , TL: Jiangsu, E. China
= ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
Papilio obscuras Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000; Sichuan
= ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
Papilio polytes borealis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348
Papilio polytes borealis ab. thibetanus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348
Papilio polytes thibetanus ; [MRS, 134]
Papilio polytes polytes ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45 (note)
India - Burma, Ceylon
Papilio romulus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 67, pl. 43, f. A, TL: S. India, Coromandel Coast
Papilio cyrus Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 7, no. 19
Papilio mutius Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 3, TL: Tranquebar
Papilio ceylanicus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319, TL: Rambodde, Ceylon
Papilio sakontala Moore, 1903; 232, pl. 465, f. 1, TL: Sylhet
Papilio polytes f. rubida Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 179 (23 January), TL: Malabar
Papilio polytes romulus ab. astreans Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 61, TL: S.India
Papilio polytes pammon f. cyroides Fruhstorfer, 1909
Papili ab. coomani Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papilio f. joannisi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papiliio ab. obliterata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papilio polytes neomelanides Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178 (23 January), TL: Perak; Singapore
Papilio polytes romulus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio polytes romulus ♀-f. cyrus ;
polytes romulus ♀-f. polytes ;
polytes romulus ♀-f. theseus ;
Papilio polytes ♀-f. cyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 347
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Papilio polytes ♀-f. loc. romulus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 347
?polytes ♀-f. romulus ; [BIR, 393]
?polytes ♀-f. cyrus ; [BIR, 393]
Papilio (Princeps) polytes romulus ; [BMP: 69, pl. 3, f. 14]
Papilio (Princeps) polytes romulus f. polytes ; [BMP: 69, pl. 3, f. 13]
Papilio polytes romulus ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45 (note)
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![[romulus-1.jpg]](_romulus-1.jpg)
1034x910 (~198Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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![[romulus-1u.jpg]](_romulus-1u.jpg)
1094x883 (~157Kb) upperside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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![[romulus-1v.jpg]](_romulus-1v.jpg)
1200x918 (~157Kb) underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Papilio alphenor Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 141, pl. 90, f. B, TL: "China" [?error]
Papilio gronovii Scopoli, 1772; Annus, Historico-Naturalis, 5: 112
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
Papilio polytes alphenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
Sumatra, Borneo
Papilio theseus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 128, pl. 180, f. B, TL: Sumatra occ.
Papilio numa Weber, 1801; Obs. Ent.: 106, TL: Sumatra
Papilio melanides de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 40, pl. 8, f. 3, TL: Banjermassin, S. Borneo
?valeria Jordan
polytes theseus ♀-f. nonia ;
polytes theseus ♀-f. numa ;
polytes theseus ♀-f. theseus ;
Papilio polytes theseus ♀-ab. melanides ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350
Philippines
Papilio ledebouria Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 206, pl. 3, f. 7, TL: Philipp.
= Papilio polytes alphenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
Papilio elyros Gray, 1856; List Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1: 26 (nom. nud.?), TL: Philippine Is.
= Papilio polytes alphenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
Papilio horsfieldii Reakirt, [1865]; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3: 476, TL: Philippine Is.
= Papilio polytes alphenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. horsfieldi ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. alphenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
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Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. loc. ledebourius ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. loc. elyros ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
polytes ledebourdia f. praxilla ;
polytes ledebourdia f. elyros ;
polytes ledebourdia f. horsfieldi ;
Menelaides polytes ledebouria ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 54, f. 4-8, pl. 55, f. 1-3
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Nicobar Is.
Papilio pammon var. nikobarus C. Felder, 1862; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 12 (1/2): 483, TL: Nankauri, Nicobar Is.
S.Sumatra, Java, Biliton, Bangka, Bali
Papilio polytes var. javanus Felder, 1862; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 12: 486, TL: Java
Papilio antiphus de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 40, pl. 8, f. 2, TL: Pontianak, Banjermassin, Padang
Papilio polytes theseus ♀-f. javanus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 349
Papilio polytes javanus ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 107
Sulawesi, Salayer, Buton
Papilio pammon var. alcindor Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 48, 113, pl. 6, f. 4, TL: Celebes
Papilio alphenor var. thesalphenor Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2) : 343, TL: Saleyer
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350
Papilio polytes alcindor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350
Wetar, Leti, Timor(?), Babar Is.
Papilio polytes var. timorensis C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319 (repl. Papilio polyphontes de Haan, 1840), TL: Timor
Papilio polyphontes de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 39, pl. 8, f. 4, TL: Timor
Papilio polytes ab. virilis Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 272, TL: Banka I.
♀-f. timorensis Felder
Papilio polytes theseus ♀-f. virilis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 349
Papilio polytes theseus ♀-f. loc. polyphontes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350
Papilio polytes timorensis ; [BAUR, 92]
Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Bachan, Obi
Papilio nicanor C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319 (nom. nud.?), TL: Batjan, Halmahera
Papilio nicanor C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 102, pl. 10, f. c, d, TL: Batjan, Halmahera
Papilio polytes nicanor ♀-f. manzer ; [BAUR, 93, f.]
Papilio polytes nicanor ♀-f. typicus ; [BAUR, 93, f.]
Papilio polytes nicanor ; [BAUR, 92]
W.China
Papilio polytes ♀-f. mandane Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348, TL: W.China.
Papilio polytes mandane ; [MRS, 134]
Talaud, Sangir
Papilio polytes perversus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 353, TL: Sangir; Talaut
Papilio polytes ♀-f. martius ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 353
Papilio polytes ♀-f. atavus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 353
Lombok
Papilio messius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178 (23 January) (?preocc. Papilio messius Fruhstorfer, 1908)
Taiwan, Philippines (Batanes)
polytes pasikrates f. fulvifasciatus Shirozu
Papilio polytes pasikrates ; [MRS, 134]
Menelaides polytes pasikrates ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 54, f. 1-3
Larva on
Citrus spp.,
Zanthoxylum nitidum,
Clausena excavata,
Toddalia asiatica [MRS]
S.Andaman
Papilio stichioides Evans, 1927; Indian Butterflies (ed. 1): 32
Philippines (Bongao, Sibutu, Tawitawi)
Menelaides polytes steffi Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Menelaides polytes steffi ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 55, f. 3-5
Yunnan
Papilio polytes liujidongi Huang, 2003; Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45, pl. 4, f. 7-10, TL: Nidadan, Nujian valley, NW.Yunnan
- Misidentified/misapplied:
-
Papilio polytes romulus; Huang, 2001
New Guinea - Queensland. See [About maps]
Ambrax Butterfly
Papilio ambrax Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.), 1: 40, TL: New Guinea
Papilio orophanes Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 275, TL: "Pris au pays des Papous ou aux Moluques"
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 354
Papilio ambrax [Don Herbison-Evans]
Menelaides ambrax ;
Papilio ambrax ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 354; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 15]
Larva on
Citrus,
Morinda citrifola [BAUR],
Citrus spp.,
Clausena brevistyla,
Limonia acidissima,
Microcitrus garrawayae,
M. inodora,
Murraya koenigii,
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides,
Z. brachyacanthum,
Z. nitidum,
Z. ovalifolium K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
W.Irian - Papua
Papilio ambracia Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 54, TL: Waigeu
Papilio ambrax ♂-ab. conspectus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 355, TL: Waigeu
Papilio ambrax ab. ambracius ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 355
Papilio ambrax ambrax ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 107; [BAUR, 93 (text)]
Woodlark I.
Papilio dunali Montrouzier, 1856; Annls Sci. Phys. Lyon (2) 8: 396, TL: Woodlark I.
Papilio dunali ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357
Papilio ambrax dunali ; [BAUR, 93 (text)]
Aru
Papilio epirus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 54, TL: Aru Is.
Papilio ambrax epirus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 356; [BAUR, 93 (text)]
Queensland
Papilio egipius Miskin, 1876; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.: 451, TL: Rockingham Bay
Papilio ambrax epigius ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 356; [BAUR, 93]
Mefor, Geelvink Bay
Papilio ambrax artanus ; [BAUR, 93 (text)]
Solomon Is., New Britain. See [About maps]
Papilio phestus Guérin-Méneville, 1830; Voyage Coquille, 2 (2) : pl. 14, f. 2
Menelaides phestus ;
Papilio phestus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 356; [BOW: pl. 135, f. 6]
Larva on
Citrus [BAUR]
New Ireland, New Hanover
Papilio phestus phestus ; [BAUR, 94 (text)]
New Britain
Papilio parkinsoni Honrath, 1886; Berl. ent. Z. 30: 129, pl. 5, f. 1, TL: New Britain
Papilio parkinsoni var. minor Honrath, 1886; Berl. ent. Z. 30: 130, pl. 5, f. 2, TL: New Britain
Papilio phestus ab. minor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357
Papilio phestus parkinsoni ; [BAUR, 94]
Admiralty Is.
Papilio phestus reductus Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 193, TL: Manus, Admiralty Islands
Papilio phestus reductus ; [BAUR, 94 (text)]
Solomon Is. - New Georgia Group
Papilio phestus minusculus ; [BAUR, 94 (text)]
Sikkim, Assam, Burma. See [About maps]
Common Raven
Papilio castor Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 37, TL: Sylhet
Papilio pollux Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 37, TL: Sylhet
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357
Menelaides castor ;
?Tamera castor ;
Papilio castor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357; [BIR, 291]; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 14]; [BOR, 88]; [MRS, 142]
S.Vietnam
Papilio castor phanrangensis Fruhstorfer, 1901; Soc. Ent. 16 (13): 98, TL: S. Annam
Papilio hamelus crowly ; [MRS, 142]
W.Ghats. See [About maps]
Malabar Raven
Papilio dravidarum Wood-Mason, 1880; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 1880: 144, pl. 8, f. 1
Papilio dravidarum ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 359; [BIR, 390]; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 14]; [BOR, 88]
Mimic of Euploea core.
[BIR]
-. See [About maps]
Burmese Raven
Papilio mahadeva Moore, [1879]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 840, pl. 51, f. 1, TL: Upper Tenasserim, Moolai to Moolat, 4500ft
Papilio mahadeva maheswara Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 45
Papilio castor mahadeva [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Menelaides mahadeva ;
Papilio mahadeva ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 359; [BOR, 88]
Papilio mahadevus ; [MRS, 143]
Papilio (Princeps) mahadeva ; [BMP: 70, pl. 3, f. 10]
Papilio castor mahadeva ;
N.Peninsular Malaya
Papilio selangoranus Fruhstorfer, 1901; Soc. Ent. 16 (7): 51, TL: Selangore, Malaysia
Guangxi
Papilio mahadevus choui Li, 1994; in Chou, Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium 1-2: 750, 143, f. 4, TL: Longzhou (Nonggang 240m), Guanxi
Timor, N.Australia, New Guinea. See [About maps]
Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 87
Papilio yorkeanus Fruhstorfer, 1899
Papilio yorkiana Fruhstorfer, 1900
offacus Fruhstorfer, 1904
Papilio oitylus Fruhstorfer, 1916
Papilio pyrgoteles Fruhstorfer, 1916
Papilio fuscus [Don Herbison-Evans]
Menelaides fuscus ;
Papilio canopus ; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 13]; [BAUR, 97]
Papilio fuscus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 292; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 10]
Larva on
Citrus,
Glycosmis,
(Papua) Micromelum minutum,
(Bougainville) [BAUR] Bosistoa brassii,
Citrus aurantium,
C. aurantifolia,
C. limon,
C. reticulata,
C. sinensis,
C. spp.,
Clausena brevistyla,
Fagara sp.,
Glycosmis pentaphylla,
Halfordia scleroxyla,
Microcitrus australasica,
M. garrawayae,
M. inodora,
Micromelum minutum,
Murraya koenigii,
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides,
Z. brachyacanthum,
Z. nitidum K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
Buru, Ambon, Serang
Papilio cinereomaculatus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 88
Papilio severus Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (23-24): 153, pl. 277, f. A, B, TL: Amboina
Papilio castaneus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 88
f. madanus Fruhstorfer
Papilio fuscus castaneus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 294
Papilio fuscus fuscus ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
NW.Australia, Northern Territory, Melville
Papilio canopus Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 38, TL: Melville I.
Papilio canopus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 341
Papilio canopus canopus ; [BAUR, 97]
Cape York - Northern N.S.W, N.Queensland
Capaneus Butterfly
Papilio capaneus Westwood, 1843; Arcana entomologica, 2: 15, pl. 52, f. 1-2, TL: Australia
Papilio fuscus capaneus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 296; [BAUR, 95]
Timor
Papilio vollenhovii C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 318 (nom. nud.?), TL: Arch. mal.
Papilio vollenhovii C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 97, pl. 10, f. f
Papilio canopus vollenhovii ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342; [BAUR, 97 (text)]
Sulawesi, Tukangbesi, Salaya, Sula Is.
Papilio pertinax Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 49, pl. 5, f. 4, TL: Celebes
= Papilio fuscus castaneus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 294
New Hebrides
Papilio hypsicles Hewitson, [1868]; Ill. exot. Butts 4: (Pap.) pl. 9, f. 29, TL: New Hebrides
Papilio canopus hypsicles ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 341; [BAUR, 97]
S.New Guinea, Papua, D'Entrecasteaux, Woodlark, Lousiades, Torres Straits Is.
Papilio indicatus Butler, 1876; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 18 (105) : 248, TL: Pt. Moresby
Papilio fuscus indicatus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 296; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
New Hanover, New Ireland
Papilio cilix Godman & Salvin, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 653, TL: New Ireland
Papilio cilix ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 297
Papilio fuscus cilix ; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
W.Irian, NW.New Guinea
Papilio beccarii Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 46 (nom. nud), TL: Dorey
Papilio beccarii Oberthür, 1880; Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova 15 : 461, pl. 3, f. 1, TL: Waigeu, Andai
Papilio fuscus beccarii ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 295; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
Kai Is.
Papilio thomsoni Butler, 1884; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 13 (75): 197, TL: Key Dulan
Papilio langeni Druce, 1888; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 2 (9): 234, TL: Key Is.
= Papilio albinus thomsoni ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
Papilio albinus thomsoni ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
Papilio fuscus thomsoni ; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
Guadalcanal, Santa Isabel, New Georgia Group
Papilio xenophilus Mathew, 1886; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 348, TL: Ugi, Solomon Is.
Papilio fuscus xenophilus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 297; [BAUR, 96]
Aru, Key
Charus rotalita Swinhoe, 1893; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 12 (70) : 257, TL: Key Is.
Papilio fuscus rotalita ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 295; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
Wetar
Papilio vollenhovii hypsiclides Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 685:Wetter I.
Papilio canopus hypsiclides ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342; [BAUR, 97 (text)]
Alor
Papilio vollenhovii alorensis Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 686, TL: Alor
Papilio canopus alorensis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342
Sambawa
Papilio vollenhovii umbrosus Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 686, TL: Sambawa
Papilio canopus umbrosus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342
Romang, Leti Is.
Papilio canopus canopinus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342, TL: Moa Island
Papilio canopus canopinus ; [BAUR, 97 (text)]
Bougainville, Choiseul
Papilio xenophilus hasterti Ribbe, 1907; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 20 (1,2): (?59-63)
Papilio fuscus hasterti ; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Bachan
Papilio fuscus lapathus ; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
Obi
Papilio fuscus ombiranus ; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
New Britain
Papilio fuscus lamponius ; [BAUR, 96 (text)]
Tanimbar, Babar
Papilio canopus tenimberensis ; [BAUR, 97]
Damar
Papilio canopus croton ; [BAUR, 97 (text)]
Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra. See [About maps]
Papilio prexaspes C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 107, pl. 15, f. d, TL: Malacca
Papilio prexaspes C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 320 (nom. nud), TL: Malacca
Papilio prexaspes prexaspes [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio fuscus prexaspes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 297; [BOR]
Papilio (Princeps) prexaspes prexaspes ; [BMP: 69, pl. 4, f. 2]
Perhaps some other taxa from fusca need to be moved under prexaspes?
-. See [About maps]
Papilio albinus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 49, pl. 5, f. 5, TL: Dutch New Guinea
Papilio albinus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 298
Menelaides albinus ;
West Irian
Papilio leucophanes Grose-Smith, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (3): 584, TL: Humboldt Bay, New Guinea
Papilio albinus ab. leucophanes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
Papilio albinus albinus ; [BAUR, 98]
New Guinea
Papilio lesches Godman & Salvin, 1880; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1880: 614, TL: N. of Pt. Moresby, N. Guinea
Papilio bicolor Kirby, 1887; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 19 (113) : 361, TL: New Guinea
= Papilio lesches ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
Papilio albinus ab. lesches ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
Papilio albinus lesches ; [BAUR, 98 (text)]
S.Burma, Thailand. See [About maps]
Papilio pitmani Elwes & de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Pt. II, 55 (5): 434, pl. 20, f. 1, TL: Tavoy, S.Myanmar
Papilio hipponous siamensis Godfrey, 1916; J. nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 2 (2): 110, TL: E.Thailand
Papilio hipponous pitmani ;
Papilio pitmani ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343
C.Vietnam
Papilio pitmani duboisi Vitalis de Salvaza, 1921; Faune ent. Indo-Chine fr. 3: 12
-. See [About maps]
Papilio hipponous C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (9): 283, TL: Luzon, Mindanao
Menelaides hipponous ;
Papilio hipponous ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342; [BOR, 70]
Larva on
Citrus Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Philippines (Camiguin de Luzon, Luzon)
Menelaides hipponous hipponous
Menelaides hipponous hipponous ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 7-8
Talaud, Sangie Is.
Papilio hipponous lunifer Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 687, TL: Sangir I. (Sangi, Sanghi, Sanghir)
Papilio hipponous lunifer ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343
Philippines (Basilan, Mindanao)
Menelaides hipponous bazilanus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 3
Philippines (Balabac, Palawan)
Menelaides hipponous gamay Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Menelaides hipponous gamay ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 1-2
Philippines (Busuanga)
Menelaides hipponous madil Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Menelaides hipponous madil ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 3-4
Philippines (Marinduque, Mindoro)
Menelaides hipponous daku Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Menelaides hipponous daku ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 5-6
Philippines (Panay, Bohol, Siquijor, Negros)
Menelaides hipponous rolandi Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Menelaides hipponous rolandi ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 7-8, pl. 46, f. 1
Philippines (Sanga Sanga, Sibuti, Tawitawi)
Menelaides hipponous palpag Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Menelaides hipponous palpag ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 2
Philippines (Cuyo Is.)
Menelaides hipponous lynn Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Menelaides hipponous lynn ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 4
Sumatra. See [About maps]
Papilio diophantus Grose-Smith, 1883; Ent. mon. Mag. 19: 234, TL: Sumatra
Menelaides diophantus ;
Papilio diophantus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 292; [BOR, 68]
Philippines. See [About maps]
Papilio antonio Hewitson, [1875]; Ill. exot. Butts 5 (94): pl. 14, f. 46
Papilio antonio ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 284; [BOR, 62]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Philippines (Basilan, Leyte, Mindanao)
Papilio antonio antonia ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 3-4
Philippines (S.Negros)
Papilio antonio negrosiana ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 5-6
Burma. See [About maps]
Papilio noblei de Nicéville, [1889]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, (II) 57 (4): 287, TL: Karen Hills
Papilio henricus Oberthür, 1892; Etud. ent. 17: 3, pl. 4, f. 39, TL: Muang-Mou, Tonkin
Papilio noblei haynei Tytler, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 249, TL: Myitkyina, N.Burma
Papilio f. anteratra Rousseau-Decelle, 1947; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 51: 129, TL: Tonkin
Papilio noblei [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio noblei ; [BOR, 62]; [MRS, 142]
N.Vietnam
Papilio noblei hoa Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152, TL: Chiem Hoa, C. Tonkin
Papilio noblei hoa ?Fruhstorfer
N.India - Assam, Naga Hills. See [About maps]
Papilio sakontala Hewitson, 1864; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 2: 24, TL: Sylhet
Papilio sakontala ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343; [BOR, 72]
?Papilio polytes ab. sakontala ; [Torben B. Larsen]
The helenus species-group
W.China, Ceylon, W.Ghats, Nilgiris, Palnis, Shevaroys, Coorg, Bangalore, Mussoorie - Assam, Burma, Japan, Riu-Kiu. See [About maps]
Red Helen
Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 459, TL: Canton, China
Papilio helenus helenus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Menelaides helenus ;
Papilio helenus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 284; [BIR, 392]; [BOR, 64]; [MRS, 138]
Menelaides helenus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Larva on
Zanthoxylum,
Citrus,
Toddalia Page & Treadaway, 2003, [BW]
N.India - China, Indo-China - Peninsular Malaya, Pulau Tioman
Papilio helenus ab. rufatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 286, TL: Sikkim
Papilio ab. aurea Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247, TL: Pnom-Penh, Cambodia
Papilio aspadantus Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturgesch. (A) 81 (11): 75
Papilio (Princeps) helenus helenus ; [BMP: 69, pl. 4, f. 6-7]
Larva on
Zanthoxylum,
Citrus [BMP]
Philippines
Papilio hystaspes C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (9): 283
Papilio varasi Reakirt, [1865]; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3: 465, TL: Philippines
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 288
Papilio helenus hystaspes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 288
Menelaides helenus hystaspes ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 55, f. 6-8, pl. 56, f. 1-4
Papilio nicconicolens Butler, 1881; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 7 (38) : 139, TL: Nikko
Papilio helenus nicconicolens ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 287
S.India
Papilio (Charus) daksha Hampson, 1888; J. asiat. Soc. Beng.: 363
Papilio helenus daksha ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 286
Philippines (Palawan, Balabac)
Papilio helenus var. palawanicus Staudinger, 1888; Corr.-Bl. Ent. Ver. Iris 1 (5) : 278, TL: Palawan
Papilio helenus palawanicus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 287
Menelaides helenus palawanicus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 56, f. 5-8
Sumatra, Java - Lombok, Borneo
Papilio (Charus) helenus var. enganius Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, (2) 60 (1): 31, TL: Engano
Papilio helenus enganus ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106
Ceylon
Papilio helenus mooreanus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 286, TL: Ceylon
Timor
Papilio helenus biseriatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 287, TL: Dili
Papilio helenus biseriatus ; [BAUR, 92]
Taiwan
Papilio helenus fortunius ; [MRS, 138]
Larva on
Citrus spp.,
Zanthoxylum nitidum,
Z. ailanthoides,
Toddalia asiatica,
Euodia meliifolia,
Fagara nitida [MRS]
Philippines (Sanga Sanga, Tawitawi)
Menelaides helenus boloboca ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 10, pl. 57, f. 1-3
Celebes. See [About maps]
Papilio sataspes C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 106, pl. 15, f. e, TL: Celebes
Papilio sataspes C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 320 (nom. nud.)
Papilio iswara sataspes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 289
Papilio helenus sataspes ;
Menelaides sataspes ;
Papilio sataspes ; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 6 (text)]
Bangkai I.
Papilio helenus var. artaphernes Honrath, 1886; Berl. ent. Z. 30: 295, TL: Bangkai I.
Papilio artaphernes var.(?) ahasverus Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2) : 347, TL: Mangola, Sulla Is.
= Papilio iswara artaphernes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 289
Papilio iswara artaphernes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 289
Malaysia, Sumatra. See [About maps]
Papilio iswaroides Fruhstorfer, 1898; Berl. Ent. Zs. 42 (3/4): 304
Papilio iswaroides ; [BOR, 66]
Peninsular Malaya
Papilio curtisi Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 55
Papilio (Princeps) iswaroides curtisi ; [BMP: 69, pl. 4, f. 8]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio iswara White, 1842; Entomologist 1 (17): 280, TL: Penang, Malaysia
Papilio iswara iswara [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Menelaides iswara ;
Papilio iswara ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 288; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 6]; [BOR, 68]
S.Burma - Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka
Papilio (Princeps) iswara iswara ; [BMP: 69, pl. 4, f. 5]
N.Borneo, Natuna Is.
Papilio araspes C. & R. Felder, 1859; Wien. ent. Monats. 3 (11): 321, TL: "Luzon" [error]
-. See [About maps]
Papilio nephelus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 210, TL: Java
Menelaides nephelus ;
Papilio nephelus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 290; [BOR, 64]; [BOW: p. 135, f. 1]; [MRS, 140]
Peninsular Malaya
Papilio annulus Pendlebury, 1936; J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., 18 (1): 180
Papilio nephelus raya Corbet, 1937; Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 6 (3): 46, TL: Langkawi
Papilio nephelus annulus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio (Princeps) nephelus annulus Pendlebury, 1936; [BMP: 68, pl. 4, f. 3]
Orissa, Nepal - Assam, N.Burma, S.Yunnan
Yellow Helen
Papilio chaon Westwood, 1845; Arcana entomologica, 2: 97, TL: Assam
dispensator Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73
duketius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73, TL: Thailand
Papilio chaon f. leucacantha Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73, TL: Sikkim
Papilio chaon ab. paryphanta Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 53, TL: Cherra Punji, Assam
Papilio ab. xanthia Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247, TL: Pnom-Penh, Cambodia
Papilio ab. pseudochaonulus Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 42
Papilio ab. tripunctata Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 42
Papilio nephelus chaon [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio chaon ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291; [BIR, 392]
Menelaides chaon ;
Papilio nephelus chaon ; [MRS, 140]
Sumatra, Borneo
Papilio albolineatus Forbes, 1885; Natur. Wand. E. Arch.: 275, TL: Borneo
Papilio nephelus saturnus ♀-ab. albolineatus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291
Nias
Papilio uranus Weymer, 1885; Stettin. ent. Ztg. 46: 271, TL: I. of Nias
Papilio nephelus uranus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291
S.Burma
Papilio chaon ducenarius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73, TL: S.Myanmar
S.China, Haina, Taiwan
Papilio nephelus chaonulus ; [MRS, 140]
Larva on
Toddalia asiatica,
Euodia meliifolia,
Fagra rhetsa,
Citrus spp. [MRS]
Peninsular Malaya
Back and White Helen
Papilio nephelus sunatus Corbet, 1940; Entomologist 73 (2): 39
Papilio saturnus Guérin-Méneville, 1840; Rev. zool. (Soc. Cuvièr) 3 (2): 43 (preocc.), TL: "Côte Malaye"
Papilio neptunus Guérin-Méneville, 1843; in Delessert, Souvenirs Voy. Inde 2: pl. 18 (preocc.)
Papilio nephelus sunatus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio nephelus saturnus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 290
Papilio (Princeps) nephelus sunatus ; [BMP: 68, pl. 4, f. 4]
Larva on
Zanthoxylum rhetsa [BMP]
Borneo. See [About maps]
Papilio nubilus Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2) : 344, TL: Brunei, N. Borneo
Papilio nubilus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291; [BOR, 70]
China, Sikkim - Assam, Burma, Japan. See [About maps]
Great Mormon
Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 460, TL: Asia
memnon f. distantianus; (female form)
memnon f. agenor; (female form)
memnon f. butlerianus; (female form)
Menelaides memnon ;
Papilio memnon ; [BIR, 384]; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 15]; [BOR, 78]; [MRS, 124]
Papilio memnon f. distantianus ; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 17]
|
Papilio memnon f. butlerianus ; [BIR, 384]; [BOW: pl. 134, f. 16]
Papilio memnon f. alcanor ; [BIR, 384]
Papilio memnon f. polymnestrodoides ; [BIR, 384]
Menelaides memnon ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
|
![[memnon-1m.jpg]](_memnon-1m.jpg)
640x480 (~66Kb) male Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
|
![[memnon-2f.jpg]](_memnon-2f.jpg)
640x480 (~73Kb) female Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
|
![[memnon-3f.jpg]](_memnon-3f.jpg)
1024x768 (~162Kb) female Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
|
![[memnon-4m.jpg]](_memnon-4m.jpg)
1600x1200 (~140Kb) male Butterfly House (Gran Canary, near Ingles, Autumn 2000), Photo © Aarno Junkkari
|
![[memnon-5.jpg]](_memnon-5.jpg)
769x513 (~119Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
|
![[memnon-f.jpg]](_memnon-f.jpg)
1024x768 (~123Kb) female Kayauchibanta, Okinawa, Ryukyu, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
|
![[memnon-m.jpg]](_memnon-m.jpg)
1049x776 (~60Kb) male Kayauchibanta, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
|
|
|
Larva on
Citrus spp.,
Fortunella japonica [MRS]
Java, Bawean, Natuna, Bangka, Borneo, Bali, Philippines (Mapun, Sanga Sanga)
Papilio achates Sulzer, 1776; Gesch. Ins. nach linn. Syst.: 141, pl. 12, f. 2
Papilio atrovenatus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 44
Papilio laomedon Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 78 (1775), pl. 50, f. A, B
Papilio achatiades Esper, 1790; Die ausl. Schmett. : 118 (1792), pl. 28, f. 2, pl. 29, f. 1
Papilio arbates Zinken, 1831; Nova Acta physico-med. [Leop. Carol.] 15 (1): 151, TL: Java
Papilio memnon var. javanus Haase, 1893; Unters. üb. Mimicry: 57
Papilio memnon var. erebinus Haase, 1893; Unters. üb. Mimicry: 57
memnon memnon f. amura; (female form)
Papilio memnon ♀-f. laomedon ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314
Papilio memnon ♀-ab. erebinus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314
Papilio memnon ♀-ab. javanus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314
Papilio memnon ♀-f. achates ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 315
Menelaides memnon memnon ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 5-8
Sikkim - Assam - Burma - Peninsular Malaya, S.Yunnan
Papilio agenor Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 460, TL: Canton, China
Papilio androgeos Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 142, pl. 91, f. A, B, TL: China
Papilio alcanor Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 107, pl. 166, f. A, TL: China
Papilio protenor Esper, 1792; Die ausl. Schmett. : 120, pl. 29, f. 2 (preocc.)
Papilio esperi Butler, 1879; Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 1 (8): 553, pl. 68, f. 7, TL: Malacca
Papilio androgeus de Nicéville, 1881
Papilio phoenix Distant, 1885; Rhopalocera Malayana : 340, pl. 27, f. 7, TL: Malay Peninsula
Papilio cilix Distant, 1885; Rhopalocera Malayana : 340, pl. 29, f. 4, 5 (preocc.), TL: Malay Peninsula
Papilio androgeos depelchini Robbe, 1892; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg.: 125, TL: Kurseong, Sikkim
Papilio memnon agenor ♂-ab. primigenius Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319, TL: Sikkim, Khasia Hills
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. butlerianus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320 (nom. nov.)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. distantianus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320 (nom. nov.)
Iliades polymnestoroides Moore, 1902; Lepidoptera Indica, 5: 202, pl. 451, f. 1-2, TL: India
Papilio vinius Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2) : 307 (1 May)
Papilio memnon agenor f. rhetenorina Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 72, TL: N.India
Papilio memnon agenor f. ityla Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 98
Papilio memnon f. phoeniciana Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 25, pl.13, f. 8, TL: Sikkim
Papilio memnon f. aphrodite Röber, 1927; Int. ent. Zs. 21 (13): 97 (1 Jul 1927), TL: Naga Hills
Papilio ab. pohli Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papilio f. subvenusia Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papilio aurantiaca Rousseau-Decelle, 1933; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 38 (17): 273 (preocc.)
Papilio memnon agenor [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio memnon agenor ab. depelchini ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-f. agenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. phoenix ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. loc. esperi ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320
|
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. cilix ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-f. alcanor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. agenor ; [BMP: 70, pl. 5, f. 4]
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. esperi ; [BMP: 70, pl. 5, f. 3]
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. butlerianus ; [BMP: 70, pl. 5, f. 2]
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. distantianus ; [BMP: 70, pl. 5, f. 5]
Papilio memnon agenor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 216; [MRS, 124]
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor ; [BMP: 70, pl. 5, f. 1]
|
Larva on
Citrus spp. [MRS]
Sumatra, Nias, Batu
Papilio anceus Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 44, pl. 222, f. A, B, TL: W.Sumatra
memnon anceus f. erebinus; (female form)
memnon anceus f. trochila; (female form)
memnon anceus f. anceus; (female form)
memnon anceus f. gerania; (female form)
memnon anceus f. butis; (femalo form)
Papilio memnon ♀-ab. anceus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314
Japan
Papilio thunbergi Siebold, 1824; Hist. Nat. Jap.: 16, TL: Japan
N.Borneo, Philippines (Balabac, Palawan)
Papilio lowii Druce, 1873; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1873 (2): 358, pl. 33, f. 6, TL: "Borneo" [?error]
Menelaides lowii ;
Papilio lowi ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 321; [BOR, 76]
Menelaides memnon lowii ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 47, f. 1-4, pl. 48, f. 1-4
Enggano
Papilio (Iliades) oceani Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, (2) 60 (1): 31, TL: Engano I.
Papilio memnon oceani ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 315
Sumba
Papilio (Iliades) merapu Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, (2) 60 (2): 191, TL: Sumba
Papiliio memnon merapu ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 315
Loo Choo I.
Papilio memnon pryeri Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 321, TL: Loo Choo Islands
memnon agenor f. tanahsahi Eliot, 1982; Malay. Nat. J. 35: 179
Papilio memnon tanahsahi ; [BMP]
Philippines. See [About maps]
Papilio ascalaphus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 200, TL: "Ternate" [error?]
Menelaides ascalaphus ;
Papilio ascalaphus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 328; [BOR, 74]; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 8]
Sula Is.
Papilio ascalaphus var. ascalon Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2) : 348, TL: Mangola, Sulla Is.
Papilio ascalaphus ascalon ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 328
Ceylon, S.India, Madhya Pradesh, S.Bihar, Bengal, W.Ghats - Bombay, Sikkim. See [About maps]
Blue Mormon
Papilio polymnestor Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 83, TL: [Cochin], Kerala, India
Menelaides polymnestor ;
Papilio polymnestor ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 329; [BIR, 383]; [BOW: pl. 135, f. 4]; [BOR, 74]
S.India, East coast of India - Bengal
Ceylon
Iliades parinda Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 148, pl. 60, f. 1, TL: Ceylon
Papilio polymnestor parinda ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 330
Andaman Is.
Papilio mayo Atkinson, 1873; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1873: 736, pl. 63, f. 1, TL: Andaman Is.
Papilio charicles Hewitson, 1874; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 14 (83) : 356, TL: Andaman Is.
= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 322
Menelaides mayo ;
Papilio mayo ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 322; [BOR, 76]
Moluccas. See [About maps]
Papilio deiphobus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 459, TL: Asia
Papilio alcandor Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 64 (1775), pl. 40, f. A, B
Papilio deiphobus ab. hypoxanthus Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 275, TL: Key
aristartus Fruhstorfer, 1916
efbensis Talbot, 1932
Papilio deiphobus ab. hypoxanthus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 325
Papilio deiphobus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 324; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 7, 9]
Menelaides deiphobus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Larva on
Citrus Page & Treadaway, 2003, [BW]
Serang, Ambon, Buru, Obi
Papilio deiphobus deiphobus ; [BAUR, 90]
Sumatra?, Morotai, Ternate, Halmahera, Bachan
Papilio deiphontes C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 323, TL: Ternate, Halmahera
Papilio deiphontes ab. flava Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 38, TL: Ternate
Papilio deiphontes ab. flavus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 326
Papilio deiphontes ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 326
Papilio deiphobus deiphontes ; [BAUR, 90]; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 4]
Philippines, Celebes
Papilio rumanzovia Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 204, pl. 2, f. 4a-b, TL: Manila
Papilio krusensternia Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 205, pl. 3, f. 5a-b, TL: Manila
Iliades emalthion Hübner, [1821]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. 117
Papilio descombii Roger, 1826; Bull. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 1: ? ![[sp-1.jpg]](sp-1.jpg)
800x657 (~158Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, August, 2002), Photo © Erich Mangl
Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758![[machaon-1u.jpg]](machaon-1u.jpg)
500x345 (~52Kb) upperside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes
![[machaon-1v.jpg]](machaon-1v.jpg)
500x377 (~38Kb) underside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes
![[machaon-2u.jpg]](machaon-2u.jpg)
600x429 (~75Kb) upperside Finland, Konnevesi, June 1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen
![[machaon-3l.jpg]](machaon-3l.jpg)
358x480 (~21Kb) larva Northern Poland, Biebrza river, 20.8.1996, Photo © Marek Michalski
![[machaon-4l.jpg]](machaon-4l.jpg)
500x750 (~31Kb) larva Finland, Sotkamo, Kontinjoki 711:54, 21.7.1997, Photo © Tero Piirainen
![[machaon-5l.jpg]](machaon-5l.jpg)
1047x773 (~55Kb) larva Asamushi, Aomori, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
![[machaon-6l.jpg]](machaon-6l.jpg)
596x400 (~47Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
![[machaon-6mf.jpg]](machaon-6mf.jpg)
475x523 (~116Kb) male female (copulation) The steppe-meadow top of the hill Sopka Lysaya of the hill chain called Bugotakskie Sopki, Toguchin District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. Flat and woody surroundings are seen. 12th June 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
![[machaon-6p.jpg]](machaon-6p.jpg)
596x400 (~36Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
![[machaon-6u.jpg]](machaon-6u.jpg)
596x400 (~42Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
![[machaon-7l.jpg]](machaon-7l.jpg)
750x507 (~40Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
![[machaon-8l.jpg]](machaon-8l.jpg)
750x504 (~38Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
![[machaon-9u.jpg]](machaon-9u.jpg)
750x495 (~71Kb) upperside Sipoo 670:40, ex.l. 17.6.1981, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
![[machaon-a1f.jpg]](machaon-a1f.jpg)
900x1242 (~202Kb) female Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
![[machaon-a2l.jpg]](machaon-a2l.jpg)
1000x1406 (~159Kb) larva Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 8.8.2004 (on Cichorium intybus), Photo © Markku Savela
![[machaon-a3p.jpg]](machaon-a3p.jpg)
800x600 (~154Kb) pupa Poland: Podkarpacie - Region, Zalesie Antoniowskie, 15.8.2005, Photo © Jaroslaw Bury
![[machaon-a4.jpg]](machaon-a4.jpg)
1200x987 (~128Kb) Japan: Lake Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, 22.08.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant
![[hippocrates-1.jpg]](hippocrates-1.jpg)
806x618 (~77Kb) A grassy bank pond, Dragonfly Biotope Ponds, Hiraoka, Ikazaki-cho, Ehime-ken, Shikoku-Chiho, Japan. 7th August 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
![[sikkimensis-1fu.jpg]](sikkimensis-1fu.jpg)
1024x768 (~124Kb) upperside female China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko
![[mauretanica-1l.jpg]](mauretanica-1l.jpg)
600x435 (~47Kb) larva Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
![[mauretanica-2l.jpg]](mauretanica-2l.jpg)
435x600 (~37Kb) larva Morocco, Siroua, Anti-Atlas , Photo © Michel Tarrier
![[mauretanica-3u.jpg]](mauretanica-3u.jpg)
600x435 (~39Kb) upperside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre
![[mauretanica-4v.jpg]](mauretanica-4v.jpg)
600x435 (~41Kb) underside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
![[mauretanica-5mf.jpg]](mauretanica-5mf.jpg)
600x435 (~42Kb) male female Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
![[saharae-1l.jpg]](saharae-1l.jpg)
600x435 (~16Kb) larva Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
![[saharae-2u.jpg]](saharae-2u.jpg)
600x435 (~41Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
![[indra-1.jpg]](indra-1.jpg)
700x597 (~57Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
![[indra-2.jpg]](indra-2.jpg)
700x739 (~92Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
![[polyxenes-1.jpg]](polyxenes-1.jpg)
700x534 (~118Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela
![[polyxenes-2mu.jpg]](polyxenes-2mu.jpg)
1200x830 (~122Kb) upperside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny
![[polyxenes-2mv.jpg]](polyxenes-2mv.jpg)
1000x875 (~94Kb) underside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny
![[polyxenes-3fu.jpg]](polyxenes-3fu.jpg)
1400x1050 (~238Kb) upperside female USA: Alabama, 8.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny
![[polyxenes-4fv.jpg]](polyxenes-4fv.jpg)
900x971 (~120Kb) underside female USA: Alabama, 14.8.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny
![[polyxenes-5la.jpg]](polyxenes-5la.jpg)
1500x996 (~170Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
![[polyxenes-5lb.jpg]](polyxenes-5lb.jpg)
1400x930 (~431Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
![[polyxenes-6.jpg]](polyxenes-6.jpg)
1000x1258 (~118Kb) USA: Alabama, 20.5.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny
![[zelicaon-1v.jpg]](zelicaon-1v.jpg)
1047x773 (~62Kb) underside Minto Island, Salem, Oregon, USA, 8-91, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
![[zelicaon-2.jpg]](zelicaon-2.jpg)
800x593 (~93Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
![[zelicaon-3.jpg]](zelicaon-3.jpg)
700x535 (~85Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
![[xuthus-1v.jpg]](xuthus-1v.jpg)
1047x773 (~50Kb) underside Yonahadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
![[xuthus-2.jpg]](xuthus-2.jpg)
900x530 (~67Kb) Dragonfly Station, Gurye County, Jeonnam Province, S Korea, 28th July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
![[antimachus-1u.jpg]](antimachus-1u.jpg)
800x573 (~110Kb) upperside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov
![[antimachus-1v.jpg]](antimachus-1v.jpg)
800x568 (~116Kb) underside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov
![[demoleus-1l.jpg]](demoleus-1l.jpg)
272x310 (~14Kb) larva Estern Assam [Numarigarh], India, 05 November 2003 Afternoon [Indian name of the tree is Pupnus. It is from lime catagory. Fruits are similar but larger in size], Photo © Kedar Tokekar
![[demoleus-2.jpg]](demoleus-2.jpg)
769x513 (~108Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
![[demoleus-3.jpg]](demoleus-3.jpg)
769x513 (~113Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
![[demoleus-4l.jpg]](demoleus-4l.jpg)
600x400 (~29Kb) larva India: Melghat, 4.10.2008, Photo © Kedar Tokekar
![[malayanus-1.jpg]](malayanus-1.jpg)
696x792 (~84Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya environs, Ko Lan island, ruderal vegeation at a roadside. 15th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
![[polytes-1v.jpg]](polytes-1v.jpg)
769x513 (~72Kb) underside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
![[polytes-2.jpg]](polytes-2.jpg)
769x513 (~72Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
![[polytes-3l.jpg]](polytes-3l.jpg)
600x400 (~43Kb) larva India: Pune, 15.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
![[polytes-3la.jpg]](polytes-3la.jpg)
600x400 (~40Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
![[polytes-3lb.jpg]](polytes-3lb.jpg)
600x400 (~31Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
![[polytes-3lx.jpg]](polytes-3lx.jpg)
600x400 (~33Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
![[polytes-3u.jpg]](polytes-3u.jpg)
600x400 (~40Kb) upperside India: Pune, 13.9.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
![[polytes.jpg]](polytes.jpg)
1024x768 (~79Kb) Oppadake, Okinawa, Ryukyu, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
![[pammon-1f.jpg]](pammon-1f.jpg)
1049x776 (~102Kb) female Oppadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
![[romulus-1.jpg]](romulus-1.jpg)
1034x910 (~198Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
![[romulus-1u.jpg]](romulus-1u.jpg)
1094x883 (~157Kb) upperside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
![[romulus-1v.jpg]](romulus-1v.jpg)
1200x918 (~157Kb) underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
![[helenus.jpg]](helenus.jpg)
1024x768 (~149Kb) Yona, Okinawa, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
![[memnon-1m.jpg]](memnon-1m.jpg)
640x480 (~66Kb) male Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
![[memnon-2f.jpg]](memnon-2f.jpg)
640x480 (~73Kb) female Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
![[memnon-3f.jpg]](memnon-3f.jpg)
1024x768 (~162Kb) female Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
![[memnon-4m.jpg]](memnon-4m.jpg)
1600x1200 (~140Kb) male Butterfly House (Gran Canary, near Ingles, Autumn 2000), Photo © Aarno Junkkari
![[memnon-5.jpg]](memnon-5.jpg)
769x513 (~119Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
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1024x768 (~123Kb) female Kayauchibanta, Okinawa, Ryukyu, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
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1049x776 (~60Kb) male Kayauchibanta, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
