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Anthanassa Scudder, 1875

Anthanassa Scudder, 1875; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 2 : 239, 268 (type Eresia cincta, Edwards, missident.), TS: Melitaea texana Edwards
Tritanassa Forbes, 1945; Entomologica am. 24: 171, TS: Eresia drusilla C. & R. Felder

= ; [NL4A, 254]

Anthanassa, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Anthanassa (Phyciodini) ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 168
Anthanassa (Phyciodina) ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 254]

Anthanassa drusilla (C. & R. Felder, 1861)

Mexico - CA - Argentina. See [About maps] Eresia drusilla C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (4): 103, TL: Venezuela
Anthanassa drusilla, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Anthanassa drusilla, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Phyciodes drusilla ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 40, f. 29]
Tritanassa drusilla ;
Anthanassa drusilla ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 96, f. 14-16, 224-228; [NL4A, #2109]

500x651 (~57Kb) Venezuela, Merida and the Sierra Nevada National Park, July 2002, Photo © Simon Coombes

A. d. drusilla

Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama Phyciodes flavimacula Röber, 1913; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #2109a]

Phyciodes drusilla drusilla ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 86
Anthanassa drusilla drusilla ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 96, 168, f. 14, 224-228; [NL4A, #2109a]

A. d. flavimacula (Röber, 1913)

Colombia Phyciodes flavimacula Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 90 row c, f. 2, TL: Colombia, Coreato, Cauca Valley

= Anthanassa drusilla drusilla ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 96

Anthanassa drusilla flavimacula ; [EcuL]

A. d. lelex (Bates, 1864)

Mexico - Panama, Guatemala Melitaea lelex Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (4): 82, TL: Panama, Lion Hill
Melitaea alethes Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (4): 82, TL: Guatemala, Central Valleys

= ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 96; [NL4A, #2109c]

Melitaea stesilea Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (4): 82, TL: Guatemala, interior

= ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 96; [NL4A, #2109c]

Phyciodes natalces Dyar, 1913; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 44 (1951) : 279, TL: Mexico, Rascon, San Luis Patosi

= ?Anthanassa alexon alexon ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 100
= ; [NL4A, #2109c]

Anthanassa drusilla lelex, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa drusilla lelex, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Phyciodes drusilla lelex ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 88
Phyciodes drusilla alethes ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 88
Anthanassa drusilla lelex ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 96, 168; [BCR, 203]; [NL4A, #2109c]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Phyciodes ptolyca; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 201, 3: pl. 21, f. 34-35
?Phyciodes ptolyca; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 680
Phyciodes ptolyca; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : pl. 90 row b, f. 3-4

511x580 (~47Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

A. d. alceta (Hewitson, 1869)

Ecuador, N.Peru Eresia alceta Hewitson, 1869; Equat. Lepid. Buckley (2): 28, TL: Ecuador, Rio Verde
Phyciodes flavimacula conflua Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 90 row c, TL: Peru, Chanchamayo

= ; [NL4A, #2109b]

Phyciodes drusilla alceta ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 89
Anthanassa drusilla alceta ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 96, 168, f. 15; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #2109b]

A. d. verena (Hewitson, 1864)

Bolivia, Peru Eresia verena Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [2] (Eresia III-VI): [66], pl. [34], f. 27-28, TL: Bolivia
Phyciodes verena ; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 440, : pl. 90 row a, f. 1; [BOW: pl. 41, f. 16]
Phyciodes drusilla verena ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 89
Anthanassa drusilla verena ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 97, 168, f. 16; [NL4A, #2109d]

Anthanassa ptolyca (Bates, 1864)

-. See [About maps] Melitaea ptolyca Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (4): 81, TL: Guatemala, Chisoy Valley
Anthanassa ptolyca ptolyca, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa ptolyca, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Phyciodes ptolyca ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 3: pl. 21, f. 32-34
Anthanassa ptolyca ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 97, f. 17, 229-230; [NACL, #4477]; [BCR, 203]; [BOW: pl. 41, f. 3]; [Opler, #655]; [NL4A, #2114]

A. p. ptolyca

Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Venezuela Phyciodes carrera Hall, 1917; Entomologist 50 : 162, TL: Guatemala, L. Amatitlan

= ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 97; [NL4A, #2114a]

Phyciodes ptolyca ptolyca ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 92
Anthanassa ptolyca ptolyca ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 97, 168, f. 17, 229-230; [NL4A, #2114a]

A. p. amator (Hall, 1929)

W.Mexico Phyciodes ptolyca amator Hall, 1929; Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 92, TL: Mexico, Venta de Zopilote, Guerrero, 2800ft
Anthanassa ptolyca amator, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa ptolyca amator, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa ptolyca amator ; [NL4A, #2114b]; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 97, 168

Anthanassa ardys (Hewitson, 1864)

-. See [About maps] Eresia ardys Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [2] (Eresia III-VI): [68], pl. [35], f. 35-36, TL: Mexico, Orizaba
Anthanassa ardys ardys, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa ardys ardys, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa ardys, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Phyciodes ardys ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 204, 3: pl. 22, f. 3-5; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 681
?Phyciodes ordys[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 14, f. 16 (text only)]
Anthanassa ardys ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 98, f. 18-19, 231-233; [BCR, 203]; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #2104]

A. a. ardys

S.Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia Phyciodes ardys ardys ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 90
Anthanassa ardys ardys ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 98, 168, f. 18, 231-232; [NL4A, #2104a]

A. a. subota (Godman & Salvin, 1878)

Guatemala (Polochic Valley), Costa Rica Phyciodes subota Godman & Salvin, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (1) : 268, TL: Guatemala, Polochic Valley
Anthanassa ardys subota, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa ardys subota, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Phyciodes subota ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 204, 3: pl. 22, f. 7-8
Phyciodes ardys subota ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 91
Anthanassa ardys subota ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 98, 168, f. 19, 233; [NL4A, #2104b]

A. a. ssp.

Mexico Anthanassa ardys ssp. ; Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #2104c]

A. a. ssp.

Costa Rica Anthanassa ardys ssp. ; Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #2104d]

Anthanassa dracaena (C. & R. Felder, [1867])

-. See [About maps] Eresia dracaena C. & R. Felder, [1867]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (3): 393, TL: Colombia, "Bogota"
Phyciodes dracaena ; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 90 row c, f. 3
Phyciodes dracaena dracaena ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 100, pl. 1, f. 11
Anthanassa dracaena ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 99, 168, f. 20, 234-236; [NL4A, #2108]

A. d. dracaena

Colombia Phyciodes carigia Schaus, 1902; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24 (1262) : 395, TL: Colombia

= Anthanassa phlegias ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 99
= ; [NL4A, #2108a]

Phyciodes carigia ; Schaus, 1913, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1913 (3) : 346, pl. 50, f. 9
Anthanassa dracaena dracaena ; [NL4A, #2108a]

A. d. phlegias (Godman, 1901)

Honduras - Costa Rica Phyciodes phlegias Godman, [1901]; in Godman & Salvin, Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 680, 3: pl. 108, f. 21-22, TL: Honduras
Phyciodes platytaenia Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : pl. 90 row b, f. 5, TL: [Honduras]

= Anthanassa phlegias ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 99
= ; [NL4A, #2108b]

Anthanassa dracaena phlegias, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa dracaena phlegias, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Phyciodes phlegias ; Schaus, 1913, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1913 (3) : 346, pl. 50, f. 9
Anthanassa phlegias ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 99, 168, f. 21; [BCR, 204]
Phyciodes phlegios[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 41, f. 3 (text only)]
Phyciodes dracaena phlegias ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 100
Anthanassa dracaena phlegias ; [NL4A, #2108b]

Anthanassa texana (Edwards, 1863)

-. See [About maps] Texan Crescentspot
Melitaea texana Edwards, 1863; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (2): 81, TL: Texas, [New Braunfels, Comal Co.]
Anthanassa texana texana, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa texana texana, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa texana, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Anthanassa texana, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Anthanassa texana texana, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
Tritanassa texana ;
Phyciodes texana ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 200; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 680; [BOW: pl. 14, f. 16]
Anthanassa texana ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 21; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 99, f. 22, 237-239; [NACL, #4476]; [Opler, #654]; [NL4A, #2117]

Larva on Diciliptera brachiata, Jacobinia carnea, Ruellia [NAB]

A. t. texana

Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Nebraska, Mexico Eresia smerdis Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [2] (Eresia III-VI): [67], pl. [35], f. 33-34, TL: Mexico

= ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 100; [NL4A, #2117a]

Phyciodes texana ; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 90 row c, f. 5
Anthanassa texana ; Barnes & McDunnough, 1917, Checklist Lep. N.America: 10; Holland, 1947, The Butterfly Book: 141, pl. 18, f. 8-9
Phyciodes texana ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 178
Phyciodes texana texana ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 96
Anthanassa texana texana ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 100, 168, f. 22, 237-239; [NL4A, #2117a]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Eresia cincta; Scudder, 1875, Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 2 : 239, 268

A. t. seminole (Skinner, 1911)

Florida, NA.Georgia Eresia texana seminole Skinner, 1911; Ent. News 22 (8) : 412, TL: USA, Bainbridge, Georgia
Anthanassa texana seminole, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa texana var. seminole ; Holland, 1947, The Butterfly Book: 141, pl. 59, f. 14
Anthanassa texana seminole ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 100, 168; [NACL, #4476a]

Anthanassa acesas (Hewitson, 1864)

Venezuela. See [About maps] Eresia acesas Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [2] (Eresia III-VI): [70], pl. [36], f. 48-49, TL: Venezuela
Anthanassa acesas ; [NL4A, #2102]; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 101, 168, f. 24, 241

A. a. acesas

Venezuela Phyciodes annita Staudinger, 1885; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 1 (10): 92, (8): pl. 36, TL: Venezuela, Merida

= Anthanassa acesas ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 101
= ; [NL4A, #2102a]

?Phyciodes annita ; [BOW: pl. 40, f. 21]
Phyciodes acesas acesas ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 107, pl. 1, f. 2
Anthanassa acesas acesas ; [NL4A, #2102a]

A. a. castianira (Godman & Salvin, 1880)

Colombia Phyciodes castianira Godman & Salvin, 1880; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1880 (3) : 123, 131, pl. 4, f. 10, TL: Colombia, Manaure, Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria

= Anthanassa nebulosa ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 101

Anthanassa acesas castianira ; [NL4A, #2102b]

Anthanassa nebulosa (Godman & Salvin, 1878)

N.Colombia, Guatemala. See [About maps] Phyciodes nebulosa Godman & Salvin, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (1) : 269, TL: Guatemala, Las Nubes
Phyciodes nebulosa ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 205, 3: pl. 22, f. 13-14; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 443, : pl. 88 row i, f. 7
Anthanassa nebulosa ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 101, 168, f. 25, 242-243; [NL4A, #2112]

A. n. nebulosa

Guatemala Phyciodes nebulosa nebulosa ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 101
Anthanassa nebulosa nebulosa ; [NL4A, #2112a]

A. n. alexon (Godman & Salvin, 1889)

Mexico Phyciodes alexon Godman & Salvin, 1889; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3 (16) : 353, TL: Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos
Anthanassa nebulosa alexon, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa nebulosa alexon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa alexon ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 100, f. 23, 240
Phyciodes alexon ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 681, 3: pl. 108, f. 23-26
Anthanassa alexon alexon ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 100, 168, f. 23
Phyciodes nebulosa alexon ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 102
Anthanassa nebulosa alexon ; [NL4A, #2112b]

A. n. subconcolor (Röber, 1913)

Mexico Phyciodes subconcolor Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 441, : pl. 90 row b, f. 1, TL: Benson, Arizona [Error?]
Anthanassa guerrerense Beutelspacher, 1990; , TL: Mexico, Guerrero

= ; [NL4A, #2112c]

Anthanassa alexon subconcolor ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 101, 168, f. 240
Phyciodes nebulosa subconcolor ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 102
Anthanassa nebulosa subconcolor ; [NL4A, #2112c]

Anthanassa argentea (Godman & Salvin, [1882])

Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua. See [About maps] Phyciodes argentea Godman & Salvin, [1882]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 207, TL: Guatemala, Choctum
Anthanassa argentea, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa argentea, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa argentea, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Phyciodes argentea ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 681
Phyciodes atronia atronia f. argentea ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 111
Anthanassa argentea ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102, 168, f. 26, 244; [Opler, #656]; [NL4A, #2105]

555x586 (~47Kb) female Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

456x434 (~30Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

Anthanassa atronia (Bates, 1866)

Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama. See [About maps] Melitaea atronia Bates, 1866; Ent. mon. Mag. 3: ?113, TL: Guatemala, Dueńas
Eresia sydra Reakirt, [1867]; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 335, TL: Mexico, near Vera Cruz

= ?; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102
= ; [NL4A, #2106]

Eresia obscurata R. Felder, 1869; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 19 : 471, TL: Mexico, Cuernavaca

= ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102; [NL4A, #2106]

Phyciodes diallus Godman & Salvin, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9) : 260, TL: Panama, Chiriqui

= ?; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102
= ; [NL4A, #2106]

Phyciodes cassiopea Godman & Salvin, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9) : 262, TL: Costa Rica, Cace

= ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102; [NL4A, #2106]

Phyciodes albifascia Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 441, : pl. 90 row b, f. 6, TL: Guatemala

= ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102; [NL4A, #2106]

Anthanassa atronia, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa atronia, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa atronia, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]

Phyciodes drusilla f. albofascia[sic] ; Röber, 1913, (missp.) Phyciodes diallus ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 207, 3: pl. 22, f. 24-25; [BOW: pl. 40, f. 36 (text only)] Phyciodes cassiopea ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 207, 3: pl. 22, f. 22-23

Phyciodes atronia ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 206, 3: pl. 22, f. 19-21; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 172-178 Phyciodes atronia atronia ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 109 Phyciodes atronia diallus ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 111 Anthanassa atronia ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102, 168, f. 27-28, 245; [BCR, 204]; [NL4A, #2106]

Anthanassa otanes (Hewitson, 1864)

-. See [About maps] Eresia otanes Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [2] (Eresia III-VI): [70], pl. [36], f. 47, TL: Guatemala
Anthanassa otanes, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Phyciodes otanes ; [BOW: pl. 41, f. 10]
Anthanassa otanes ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 103, f. 29-30, 246; [NL4A, #2113]

A. o. otanes

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Mexico Phyciodes sopolis Godman & Salvin, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9) : 262, TL: Guatemala, Vera Paz

= ; [NL4A, #2113a]

Phyciodes sopolis ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 209, 3: pl. 22, f. 30-32
Phyciodes otanes sopolis ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 113
Anthanassa otanes sopolis ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 103, 168; [BCR, 204]
Phyciodes otanes ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 208, 3: pl. 22, f. 28-29
Phyciodes otanes otanes ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 112
Anthanassa otanes otanes ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 103, 168, f. 29-30; [NL4A, #2113a]

A. o. fulviplaga (Butler, 1872)

Costa Rica, Panama Phyciodes fulviplaga Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1 : 77, TL: Costa Rica, Cartago
Phyciodes crithona stenotaenia Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 440, : pl. 89 row k, f. 8, TL: Costa Rica, Juan Vinas

= Anthanassa fulviplaga ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104
= ; [NL4A, #2113c]

Phyciodes chromis Godman & Salvin, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9) : 260, TL: Panama, Chiriqui

= ?Anthanassa atronia ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 102
= ; [NL4A, #2113c]

Phyciodes fulviplaga ; Butler, 1874, Lepid. Exotica (21): 183, pl. 63, f. 2; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 208, 3: pl. 22, f. 26-27; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 441, : pl. 90 row a, f. 2-3; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 114
Anthanassa fulviplaga ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104, 168, f. 33, 252-254; [BCR, 205]
Phyciodes fulviplaga ; [BOW: pl. 40, f. 36]
Phyciodes otanes fulviplaga ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 175, 190
Anthanassa otanes fulviplaga ; [NL4A, #2113c]

A. o. cyno (Godman & Salvin, 1889)

Mexico Phyciodes cyno Godman & Salvin, 1889; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3 (16) : 354, TL: Mexico, Orizaba

= Anthanassa otanes sopolis ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 103

Anthanassa otanes cyno, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa otanes cyno, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Phyciodes cyno ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 680, 3: pl. 108, f. 27-30; [BOW: pl. 41, f. 10 (text only)]
Phyciodes otanes cyno ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 114
Anthanassa otanes cyno ; [NL4A, #2113b]

A. o. oaxaca Beutelspacher, 1990

Mexico otanes oaxaca Beutelspacher, 1990; , TL: Mexico, Oaxaca
Anthanassa otanes oaxaca, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa otanes oaxaca, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa otanes oaxaca ; [NL4A, #2113d]

Anthanassa annulata Higgins, 1981

Ecuador, Colombia. See [About maps] Anthanassa annulata Higgins, 1981; Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 103, 168, f. 31, 247, 248, TL: [Colombia] Rio Dagan; Ecuador, Paramba, 3500ft
Anthanassa annulata ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #2103]

Anthanassa crithona (Salvin, 1871)

Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. See [About maps] Melitaea crithona Salvin, 1871; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 7 (42) : 415, TL: Panama, Chiriqui
Phyciodes crithona ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 206, 3: pl. 22, f. 17-18; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : pl. 89 row k, f. 2-4; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 127
Anthanassa crithona ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104, 168, f. 32, 249-251; [BCR, 204]; [NL4A, #2107]

Anthanassa frisia (Poey, 1832)

Cuba, Trinidad, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Texas, Florida. See [About maps] Cuban Crescentspot
Melitea[sic] frisia Poey, 1832; Centurie Lčpid. Cuba : [9], pl. [2], fgs., TL: Cuba
Anthanassa frisia frisia, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa frisia, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Eresia frisia ; [NACL, #4478]
Phyciodes frisia frisia ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 83
Phyciodes (Eresia) frisia frisia ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 156; Bauer, 1975, in Howe, Butterflies of North America: 142, pl. 44, f. 16
Phyciodes (Eresia) frisia gyges ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 157
Phyciodes frisia ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 203, 3: pl. 22, f. 6; Riley, 1975, Field Guide butts West Indies: 79, pl. 6, f. 12; [BOW: pl. 14, f. 14]
Anthanassa frisia ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 21; Holland, 1947, The Butterfly Book: 140, pl. 17, f. 42; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 105, 168, f. 35, 258-260; [Opler, #652]; [NL4A, #2111]

Larva on Beloperone guttata, Dicliptera, Ruellia [NAB]

A. f. frisia

Cuba, Jamaica Eresia gyges Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [2] (Eresia III-VI): [70], pl. [36], f. 45-46, TL: Jamaica

= Eresia frisia ; Hewitson, 1866, Ill. exot. Butts [3] : iv
= Anthanassa frisia ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 105
= ; [NL4A, #2111a]

Anthanassa frisia frisia ; [NL4A, #2111a]

A. f. hermas (Hewitson, 1864)

Brazil(Pernambuco, Bahia, Săo Paulo, Mato Grosso), Paraguay, N.Argentina, ?Ecuador Eresia hermas Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [2] (Eresia III-VI): [67], pl. [35], f. 32, TL: Brazil, Recife, Pernambuco
Eresia conferta C. & R. Felder, [1867]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (3): 394, TL: Brazil, Bahia

= Anthanassa hermas ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104
= ; [NL4A, #2111c]

Phyciodes brancodia Schaus, 1902; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24 (1262) : 394, TL: Brazil, Săo Paulo

= ?Anthanassa hermas ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104
= ; [NL4A, #2111c]

Phyciodes aequatorialis Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 90 row c, f. 4, TL: Ecuador [error?, Brazil, Pernambuco]

= Anthanassa hermas ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104
= ; [NL4A, #2111c]

Phyciodes aequatorialis gisela Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, TL: Brazil, Mato Grosso

= ?Anthanassa hermas ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104
= ; [NL4A, #2111c]

?Phyciodes aequatorialis ??Staudinger; [BOW: pl. 40, f. 18] Phyciodes conferta ; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 443, : pl. 90 row d, f. 8 Phyciodes hermas ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 204; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 98; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 98

Phyciodes (Eresia) frisia hermas ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 156, 172, 189 Phyciodes frisia hermas ; Hayward, 1964, Genera et species animalium argentinorum, 3: 330, pl. 18, f. 14 Anthanassa hermas ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 104, 168, f. 34, 255-257 Anthanassa frisia hermas ; [NL4A, #2111c]

A. f. taeniata (Röber, 1913)

Ecuador, W.Peru Phyciodes taeniata Röber, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 438, : pl. 89 row h, f. 3-4, TL: Peru, Tarapoto
Phyciodes frisia taeniata ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 85
Phyciodes (Eresia) frisia taeniata ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 156
Anthanassa taeniata ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 106, 168, f. 38, 265
Anthanassa frisia taeniata ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #2111d]

A. f. dubia (Hall, 1929)

Venezuela, Colombia (coastal) Phyciodes frisia dubia Hall, 1929; Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 85, TL: Venezuela, San Esteban, Puerto Cabello
Phyciodes (Eresia) frisia dubia ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 156
Anthanassa dubia ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 106, 168, f. 37, 264
Anthanassa frisia dubia ; [NL4A, #2111b]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Phyciodes frisia; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 3: pl. 82, f. 6; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : pl. 89 row e, f. 6

A. f. tulcis (Bates, 1864)

Texas, Arizona, Mexico, Guatemala - Panama Melitaea tulcis Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (4): 82, TL: Guatemala, Central Valleys
Eresia genigueh Reakirt, 1865; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 5 (2) : 225, TL: Los Angeles, California [error?]

= ?Anthanassa ardys ardys ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 98
= ; [NACL: 60]; [NL4A, #2111e]

Eresia archesilea R. Felder, 1869; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 19 : 471, TL: Mexico, cordoba

= Anthanassa tulcis ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 105
= ; [NACL: 60]; [NL4A, #2111e]

Eresia punctata Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 191, TL: [Mexico] "S.Arizona"

= Anthanassa tulcis ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 105
= ; [NACL: 60]; [NL4A, #2111e]

Anthanassa tulcis, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa tulcis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa tulcis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Anthanassa tulcis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Anthanassa tulcis, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
Phyciodes tulcis ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 203, 3: pl. 22, f. 1-2; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 681; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 441, : pl. 90 row b, f. 8
Phyciodes frisia tulcis ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 84
Phyciodes (Eresia) frisia tulcis ; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 156; Bauer, 1975, in Howe, Butterflies of North America: 142, pl. 44, f. 19
Eresia frisia tulcis ; [NACL, #4478a]
Anthanassa tulcis ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 21; Holland, 1947, The Butterfly Book: 141, pl. 17, f. 39; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 105, 168, f. 36, 261-263; [BCR, 205]; [Opler, #653]
Anthanassa frisia tulcis ; [NL4A, #2111e]

441x494 (~33Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

Anthanassa sosis (Godman & Salvin, 1878)

Costa Rica, Panama - Colombia. See [About maps] Phyciodes sosis Godman & Salvin, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9) : 262, TL: Costa Rica, Irazu, 6000-7000ft
Phyciodes dora Schaus, 1913; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1913 (3) : 345, pl. 51, f. 9, TL: Costa Rica, Poas

= Anthanassa otanes sopolis ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 103
= ; [NL4A, #2116]

Phyciodes dora ; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 122; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 174
Anthanassa dora ; [BCR, 204]
Phyciodes sosis ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 205, 3: pl. 22, f. 11-12; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 90 row d, f. 1; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 95; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 178
Anthanassa sosis ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 106, 168, f. 39, 266; [BCR, 204]; [NL4A, #2116]

Anthanassa drymaea (Godman & Salvin, 1878)

Guatemala. See [About maps] Phyciodes drymaea Godman & Salvin, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (1) : 268, TL: Guatemala, hacienda Las Nubes
Phyciodes drymaea ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 205, 3: pl. 22, f. 9-10; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 90 row c, f. 7; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 93; Forbes, 1945, Entomologica am. 24: 177-178
Anthanassa drymaea ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 107, 168, f. 40, 267; [NL4A, #2110]

Anthanassa sitalces (Godman & Salvin, [1882])

Guatemala, Mexico. See [About maps] Phyciodes sitalces Godman & Salvin, [1882]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 201, 3: pl. 21, f. 30-31, TL: Guatemala, Chilasco
Anthanassa sitalces sitalces, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa sitalces sitalces, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa sitalces, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Phyciodes sitalces ; Röber, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 442, : pl. 88 row i, f. 5; Hall, 1929, Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 95
Anthanassa sitalces ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 107, 168, f. 41, 268; [NL4A, #2115]

A. s. sitalces

Guatemala Anthanassa sitalces sitalces ; [NL4A, #2115a]

A. s. cortes (Hall, 1917)

Mexico Phyciodes cortes Hall, 1917; Entomologist 50 : 161, TL: Mexico, Cuautla, 4000ft
Phyciodes sitalces saltator Hall, 1929; Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 96, TL: Mexico, Guerrero, Omilteme, 8000ft

= Anthanassa sitalces ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 107
= ; [NL4A, #2115b]

Anthanassa sitalces cortes, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Anthanassa sitalces cortes, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Anthanassa cortes ; Higgins, 1981, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 107,168, f. 42, 269
Anthanassa sitalces cortes ; [NL4A, #2115b]

13.11.2011 (16)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BCR]

DeVries, Philip J.; The Butterflies of Costa Rica; Vol. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[Bruce Walsh]

Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizona

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[EcuL]

Tommaso & Luigi Racheli, 2001; An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae); Fragmenta entomologica 33 (2): 213-380

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[JLS]

Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles

[John Shuey]

e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[NAB]

Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

[Simon Coombes]

1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

Some related literature:

Barnes & McDunnough, 1917

Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America Checklist Lep. N.America: ix + 392pp

Bates, 1864

New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama, collected by Osbert Salvin and F. du Cane Godman, Esqs. Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1-6 (1864), (2): 31-35 (1864), (3): 55-59 (1864), (4): 81-85 (1864), (5): 113-116 (1864), (6): 126-131 (1864), (7): 161-164 (1864), (8): 178-180 (1865), (9): 202-205 (1865)

Bates, 1866

New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama Ent. mon. Mag. 3 (27): 49-52 (1866), (28): 85-88 (1866), (30): 133-136 (1866), (31): 152-157 (1866)

Brown & Mielke, 1967

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 77-106

Butler, 1874

Lepidoptera Exotica, or descriptions and illustrations of exotic Lepidoptera Lepid. Exotica (1): 1-8, pl. 1-3 (1869), (2): 9-16, pl. 4-6 (1869), (3): 17-24, pl. 7-9 (1869), (4): 25-32, pl. 10-12 (1870), (5): 33-42, pl. 13-15 (1870), (6): 43-50, pl. 16-19 (1870), (7): 51-58, pl. 20-22 (1870), (8): 59-66, pl. 23-25 (1871), (9): 67-74, pl. 26-28 (1871), (10): 75-84, pl. 29-32 (1871), (11): 85-94, pl. 33-35 (1872), (12): 95-104, pl. 36-38 (1872), (13): 105-114, pl. 39-41 (1872), (14): [115],[116],117-120, pl. 42-44 (1872), (15): 121-128, pl. 45-48 (1873), (17): 137-144, pl. 49-51 (1873), (18): 145-152, pl. 52-54 (1873), (19): 153-162, pl. 55-57 (1873), (20): 163-174, pl. 58-60 (1874), (21): 175-190, pl. 61-64 (1874)

Butler, 1872

Descriptions of new Butterflies from Costa Rica Cistula ent. 1 : 72-90

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723

Dyar, 1913

Descriptions of new Lepidoptera, chiefly from Mexico Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 44 (1951) : 279-324

Edwards, 1863

Descriptions of certain species of Diurnal Lepidoptera, found within the limits of the United States and British America. (No. 1-3) Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (1): 14-22, pl. 1, 11 (1863), (2): 78-82 (1863), (4): 501-507 (1864)

Edwards, 1870

Descriptions of new North American diurnal Lepidoptera Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 189-196

R. Felder, 1869

Diagnosen neuer von dem K. K. Oberlieutenant H. v. Hedemann in Mexico in den Jahren 1865-1867 gesammelter Lepidopteren. Erste Folge Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 19 : 465-480

C. & R. Felder, 1861

Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72-87, (4): 97-111

C. & R. Felder, [1867]

Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 1-136, pl. 1-21 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, [1865]), (2): 137-378, pl. 22-47 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1865), (3): 379-536, pl. 48-74 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1867), (4): 537-548, pl. 75-120, (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-9 (pl. 1-74), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) , (5): pl. 121-140, (erklärung) 1-10 (pl. 75-107), (Inhalts-Vers.) 1-20 (pl. 108-140), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)

Forbes, 1945

The genus Phyciodes Entomologica am. 24: 139-207

Godman & Salvin, 1878

Descriptions of nineteen new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera from Central America Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (1) : 264-271

Godman & Salvin, 1878

Description of new Species of Rhopalocera from Central and South America Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9) : 257-266

Godman & Salvin, 1880

A List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia, and the Vicinity Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1880 (3) : 119-132, pl. 3-4

Godman & Salvin, [1882]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487, 3: pl. 1-24,24a,25-112

Godman & Salvin, [1901]; Godman in Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Godman & Salvin, 1889

Descriptions of new Species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3 (16) : 351-358

Hall, 1917

New butterflies of the family Nymphalidae Entomologist 50 : 161-163, : 171-174

Hall, 1929

A revision of the genus Phyciodes Hubn. Bull. Hill. Mus., Witley, 3 (suppl.): 45-170

Hayward, 1964

Insecta. Lepidoptera. Nymphalidae et Heliconiidae Genera et species animalium argentinorum, 3: [8x] + 472pp, 20pls

Hewitson, 1864

Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Ill. exot. Butts [2] : (Systematic Index) II, (Ithomia XIV): [1-2], pl. [1] (1855), (Ithomia XV-XIX): [3-12], pl. [2-6] (1856), (Ithomia XX): 13x,14x, [13-14] (1861), pl. [7] (1857), (Ithomia XXI): 15x,16x, [15-16] (1861), pl. [8] (1858), (Ithomia XXII): [17-18], pl. [9] (1859), (Ithomia XXIII): [19-20], pl. [10] (1861), (Ithomia XXIV): [21-22], pl. [11] (1863), (Ithomia XXV): [23-24], pl. [12] (1867), (Ithomia XXVI): [25-26], pl. [13] (1868), (Ithomia XXVII): [27-28], pl. [14] (1869), (Ithomia XXVIII-XXIX): [29-32], pl. [15-16] (1871), (Ithomia XXX-XXXI): [33-36], pl. [17-18] (1872), (Ithomia XXXII-XXXIII): [37-40], pl. [19-20], (1874) , (Ithomia XXXIV-XXXV): [41-44], pl. [21-22] (1876), (Acraea I): [45-46], pl. [23] (1852), (Acraea II): [47-48], pl. [24] (1861), (Acraea III): [49-50], pl. [25] (1865), (Acraea IV-V): [51-52], pl. [26-27] (1867), (Acraea VI): [53-54], pl. [28] (1868), (Acraea VII): [55-56], pl. [29] (1875), (Messaras): [57-58], pl. [30] (1859), (Eresia I): [59-60], pl. [31] (1852), (Eresia II): [61-62], pl. [32] (1857), (Eresia III-VI): [63-70], pl. [33-36] (1864), (Eresia VII): [71-72], pl. [37] (1868), (Eresia VIII-IX): [73-76], pl. [38-39] (1870), (Eresia X): [77-78], pl. [40] (1872), (Junonia): [79-80], pl. [41] (1864), (Cybdelis I-II): [81-84], pl. [42-43] (1852), (Cybdelis III): [85-86], pl. [44] (1857), (Cybdelis IV): [87-88], pl. [45] (1869), (Epiphile I): [89-90], pl. [46] (1857), (Epiphile II & Paromia): [91-92], pl. [47] (1861), (Eubagis I): [93-94], pl. [48] (1852), (Eubagis II): [95-96], pl. [49] (1857), (Eubagis III): [97-98], pl. [50] (1859), (Catagramma I): [99-100], pl. [51] (1851), (Catagramma II): [101-102], pl. [52] (1853), (Catagramma III-V): [103-108], pl. [53-55] (1855), (Catagramma VI): [109-110], pl. [56] (1857), (Catagramma VII-VIII): [111-114], pl. [57-58] (1858), (Catagramma IX and Callithea): [115-116], pl. [59] (1858), (Catagramma X): [117-118], pl. [60] (1864), (Catagramma XI-XII): [119-122], pl. [61-62] (1868), (Catagramma XIII): [123-124], pl. [63] (1876), : iv

Hewitson, 1866

Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Ill. exot. Butts [3] : (Systematic Index) III, (Callithea): [1-2], pl. [1] (1857), (Callithea Agrias II): [3-4], pl. [2] (1870), (Epicalia & Myscelia I): [5-6], pl. [3] (1851), (Epicalia II): [7-8], pl. [4] (1852), (Timetes): [9-10], pl. [5] (1852), (Neptis): [11-12], pl. [6] (1868), (Limenitis I-II): [13-16], pl. [7-8] (1859), (Heterochroa): [17-18], pl. [9] (1867), (Diadema): [19-20], pl. [10] (1863), (Diadema II): [21-22], pl. [11] (1865), (Diadema III): [23-24], pl. [12] (1868), (Amechania): [25-26], pl. [13] (1861), (Romaleosoma): [27-28], pl. [14] (1864), (Romaleosoma II-III): [29-32], pl. [15-16] (1865), (Romaleosoma IV): [33-34], pl. [17] (1866), (Euryphene): [35-36], pl. [18] (1864), (Euryphene II): [37-38], pl. [19] (1865), (Euryphene III Aterica): [39-40], pl. [20] (1865), (Euryphene IV): [41-42], pl. [21] (1865), (Aterica & Euryphene V-VI): [43-46], pl. [22-23] (1866), (Euryphene VII): [47-48], pl. [24] (1871), (Euryphene VIII & Aterica): [49-50], pl. [25] (1871), (Euryphene IX): [51-52], pl. [26] (1874), (Aterica & Harma): [53-54], pl. [27] (1866), (Harma): [55-56], pl. [28] (1864), (Harma II): [57-58], pl. [29] (1866), (Harma III-IV): [59-60], pl. [30-31] (1869), (Harma V-VI & Euryphene X): [61-62], pl. [32-33] (1874), (Adolias): [63-64], pl. [34] (1861), (Adolias II): [65-66], pl. [35] (1862), (Adolias III): [67-68], pl. [36] (1863), (Adolias IV): [69-70], pl. [37] (1875), (Agrias): [71-72], pl. [38] (1860), (Agrias & Nymphalis): [73-74], pl. [39] (1855), (Agrias & Siderone): [75-76], pl. [40] (1854), (Prepona): [77-78], pl. [41] (1859), (Prepona II & Agrias): [79-80], pl. [42] (1876), (Pandora & Prepona): [81-82], pl. [43] (1854), (Apatura): [83-84], pl. [44] (1869), (Nymphalis): [85-86], pl. [45] (1854), (Nymphalis II): [87-88], pl. [46] (1859), (Charaxes III): [89-90], pl. [47] (1863), (Charaxes IV): [91-92], pl. [48] (1874), (Charaxes V): [93-94], pl. [49] (1876), (Paphia II): [95-96], pl. [50] (1869), (Paphia & Siderone): [97-98], pl. [51] (1856), (Siderone): [99-100], pl. [52] (1860), (Zeuxidia & Aemona): [101-102], pl. [53] (1868), : iv

Hewitson, 1869

Equatorial Lepidoptera collected by Mr Buckley Equat. Lepid. Buckley (1): 1-16, (2): 17-32, (3): 33-48, (4): 49-80 (1870), (5): 81-96 (1877)

Higgins, 1981

A revision of Phyciodes Hübner and related genera, with a review of the classification of the Melitaeinae Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 43 (3) : 77-243, f. 1-490,124a,125a

Poey, 1832

Centurie de Lépidoptčres de l'ile de Cuba contenat la description et les figures coloriées de cent espčces de papillons nouveaux ou peu connus, réprésentés d'aprčs nature, souvent avec la chenille, la chrysalide, et plusieurs détails microscopiques Centurie Lčpid. Cuba : [1-54], pl. [1-20]

Reakirt, 1865

Descriptions of some new species of Eresia Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 5 (2) : 224-227

Reakirt, [1867]

Descriptions of some new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Series II Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 331-336 (1867), (5): 337-342 (1867)

Riley, 1975

Field guide to the butterflies of the West Indies Field Guide butts West Indies: 244pp

Röber, 1913

4. Genus Phyciodes Hbn. - 7. Gattung: Gnatotriche Fldr. in Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 5 : 434-440 (10 Dec 1913), : 441-448 (15 Dec 1913), : 449-454 ([before 28 Feb] 1914), : pl. 88-92 (1914)

Salvin, 1871

Description of new Species of Butterflies from Tropical America Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 7 (42) : 412-416

Schaus, 1902

Descriptions of New American Butterflies Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24 (1262) : 383-460

Schaus, 1913

New Species of Rhopalocera from Costa Rica Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1913 (3) : 339-367, pl. 50-54

Scudder, 1875

Synonymic list of the butterflies of North Amercia, north of Mexico. (1) Nymphales Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 2 : 233-269

Skinner, 1911

New Species of Sub-species of North American Butterflies (Lepid.) Ent. News 22 (8) : 412-413

Staudinger, 1885

Exotische Tagfalter in sysmatischer Reihenfolge mit Berücksichtigung neuer Arten in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 1 (1): 3-6, pl. 1-5 (1884), (2): 7-10, pl. 6-10 (1884), (3): 11-14, pl. 11-15 (1884), (4): 15-22, pl. 16-20 (1884), (5): 23-30, pl. 21-25 (1884), (6): 31-38, pl. 26-30 (1884), (7): 39-46, pl. 31-35 (1885), (8): 47-58, pl. 30-40 (1885), (9): 59-82, pl. 41-50 (1885), (10): 83-102, pl. 51-60 (1885), (11): 103-122, pl. 61-65 (1886), (12): 123-138, pl. 66-70 (1886), (13): 139-158, pl. 71-75 (1886), (14): 159-174, pl. 76-80 (1886), (15): 175-194, pl. 81-85 (1887), (16): 195-214, pl. 86-90 (1887), (17): 215-234, pl. 91-95 (1887), (18): 235-270, pl. 96-98 (1888), (19): 1-2,271-333, pl. 99-100 (1888)

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