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Spalgis Moore, 1879

Apeflies
Spalgis Moore, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 (1) : 137, TS: Geridus epeus Westwood
Spalgis (Lycaenidae) ; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (2): 70
Spalgis (Spalgini) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 427; [BK, 175]; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 118
Spalgis (Spalgina) ; [AfrL]

Larva on (coccid Dactylopius adonideum) [BMP]

Spalgis lemolea Druce, 1890

Gambia - Ethiopa, E.Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique. See [About maps] African Apefly
Spalgis lemolea Druce, 1890; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 5 (25) : 26, TL: W.Africa, Lagos
Spalgis latimarginata Sharpe, 1890; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 6 (34) : 347, TL: Senegambia

= ; [NHM]

Spalgis lemolea ; [BAFR, 470]; [BK: 175, pl. 15, f. 167]; [AfrL]

Larva preys on Coccidae [PBSA], Dactylopius, Pseudococcus, Phenacoccus, Planococcoides, Planococcus, Ferrisiana [BK]

S. l. lemolea

Spalgis lemolea lemolea ; [AfrL]

S. l. pilos Druce, 1890

Gambia, Sierra Leone? Spalgis pilos Druce, 1890; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 5 (25) : 27, TL: W.Africa, Gambia
Spalgis pilos ; [BAFR, 470]
Spalgis lemolea pilos ; [AfrL]

Spalgis tintinga (Boisduval, 1833)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Lycaena? tintinga Boisduval, 1833; , TL: Tintingue
Spalgis tintinga ; [BAFR, 470]; [MadL]; [AfrL]

Spalgis epius (Westwood, 1852)

Ceylon, S.India, Bengal, Kumaon - Assam, Burma. See [About maps] Apefly
Lucia epius Westwood, 1852; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): 502, TL: N.India
Geridus epeus[sic, recte epius] Westwood, [1851]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): pl. 76, f. 5
Spalgis epius epius, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Spalgis epius ; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (2): 71, pl. 34, f. 1, 1a-b; Druce, 1895, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895 (3) : 570; [BOW: pl. 180, f. 54]; [BOR, 546]; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 118
Spalgis epeus[sic, recte epius] ; [MRS, 615]

Larva preys on Coccidae [BIR], Dactylopius Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 118

S. e. epius

India, Ceylon - Peninsular Malaya, Nicobars, Mergui, S.Yunnan Spalgis epius epius ; [BOR, 546 (note)]; [BMP: 227, pl. 33, f. 60-61]

S. e. nubilus Moore, [1884]

Andamans, Pulau Tioman Spalgis nubilus Moore, [1884]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (4) : 522, TL: Andamans
Spalgis nubilus ; Druce, 1895, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895 (3) : 572
Spalgis epius nubilus ; [BOR, 546 (note)]
Spalgis epius nubilus Moore, [1884]; [BMP, (near)]

S. e. fangola (Kheil, 1884)

?Borneo, Sumatra, Nias Lucia fangola Kheil, 1884; Die Rhopalocera der Insel Nias: 28, pl. 5, f. 31, TL: Nias
Spalgis epius fangola ; [BOR, 546 (note)]

S. e. titius Fruhstorfer, 1919

Java, Bali, ?Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa, Damar? Spalgis titius Fruhstorfer, 1919; Archiv Naturgesch. (A) 83 (1) : 75, TL: E.Java
Spalgis epius titius ; [BOR, 546 (note)]
Spalgis epeus titius ; [BAUR, 379 (text)]

S. e. substrigata (Snellen, 1878)

Sulawesi Lucia? substrigata Snellen, 1878; Tijdschr. Ent. 21 (1) : 15, pl. 1, f. 2, TL: S.Sulawesi
Spalgis epius substrigata ; [BOR, 546 (note)]
Spalgis epius substrigatus ; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 118

S. e. strigatus Semper, 1889

S.Philippines - C.Philippines Spalgis strigatus Semper, 1889; Reisen Philipp. (4): 160, pl. 31, f. 1, TL: Cebu
Spalgis georgi Fruhstorfer, 1919; Archiv Naturgesch. (A) 83 (1) : 76, TL: Bohol
Spalgis epius strigatus ; [BOR, 546 (note)]

S. e. semperi Fruhstorfer, 1919

N.Philippines, Luzon Spalgis semperi Fruhstorfer, 1919; Archiv Naturgesch. (A) 83 (1) : 76, TL: Luzon
Spalgis epius semperi ; [BOR, 546 (note)]

S. e. dilama (Moore, 1878)

Taiwan Lucia dilama Moore, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3) : 701, TL: Hainan
Spalgis epius dilama ; [BOR, 546 (note)]
Spalgis epeus[sic] dilama ; [MRS, 615]

Larva on Ipomoea pes-caprae, (Coccid Dactylopis adoideum) [MRS]

S. e. pharnus Felder, 1860

Kai, Buru, Ambon, Halmahera, West Irian Spalgis pharnus Felder, 1860; Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 40 (11): 460, TL: Ambon
Spalgis epeus pharnus ; [BAUR, 379]

Spalgis takanamii Eliot, 1984

Philippines (Mindanao). See [About maps] Spalgis takanamii Eliot, 1984; Tyō to Ga 35 (2): 75, f. 1-2, TL: Mindanao, Mt. Apo
Spalgis takanamii ; [BOR, 546]

Spalgis asmus Parsons, 1986

New Guinea. See [About maps] Spalgis asmus Parsons, 1986; Tyō to Ga 37 (3) : 130, TL: New Guinea, 6.4km W of Wau, Namie Creek on Mt. Kaindi road, 1560-1800m

Spalgis baiongus Cantlie & Norman, 1960

Assam. See [About maps] Spalgis baiongus Cantlie & Norman, 1960; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 57 (2): 424, TL: Assam

8.2.2013 (7)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[AfrL]

Mark C. Williams; Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea; Compiled by Mark C. Williams, 7th ed. (2008) (April 2007); Afrototropical Butterflies; e-mail: Mark C. Williams

[BAFR]

D'Abrera, 1980; Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region

[BAUR]

D'Abrera, 1977; Butterflies of the Australian Region (2nd edn)

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BIR]

Wynter-Blyth, 1957; Butterflies of the Indian Region; (1982 Reprint)

[BK]

Larsen, 1996; The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history

[BMP]

Eliot (Ed.), Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992; The Butterflies of The Malay Peninsula; 4th edition; ISBN 983-9681-05-2

[BOR]

D'Abrera, 1982, 1985, 1986; Butterflies of the Oriental Region, Part I-III

[BOW]

Lewis, 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[CiNii]

http://ci.nii.ac.jp/

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[MadL]

Lees, D.C., Kremen, C. and Raharitsimba, H. 2003; in S.M. Goodman & J. P. Benstead (eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar; Classification, Diversity and Endemism of the Butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): A Revised Species Checklist: : pp. 762-793; University of Chicago Press. 1709 pp.

[NHM]

Natural History Museum; The Global Lepidoptera Names Index

[PBSA]

Dickson, C.G.C (ed.), Kroon, D.M.; Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa; AD. DONKER 1978

[Yutaka Inayoshi]

A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM

Some related literature:

Cantlie & Norman, 1960

Four new butterflies from Assam J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 57 (2): 424-429, 5 fgs

Westwood, [1851]; Westwood, 1852

The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29, 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)

Druce, 1890

Descriptions of twelve new Species of Lycaenidae from West Africa, and one from the Solomon Islands, in the Collection of Herbert Druce Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 5 (25) : 24-31

Druce, 1895

A Monograph of the Bornean Lycaenidae Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895 (3) : 556-627, pl. 31-34

Eliot, 1973

The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative Arrangement Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 373-505, 162fgs, pl. 1-6

Eliot, 1984

A new species of Spalgis Moore (Lycaenidae) from Mindanao Tyō to Ga 35 (2): 75-76

Felder, 1860

Lepidopterorum Amboienensium species novae diagnosibus Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 40 (11): 448-462

Fruhstorfer, 1919

Spalgis, eine bicontinentale Lycaenidengattung Archiv Naturgesch. (A) 83 (1) : 73-76, 1 f. (February)

Moore, 1878

List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R. Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3) : 695-708

Moore, 1879

Descriptions of new Asiatic Diurnal Lepidoptera Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 (1) : 136-144

Moore, [1881]

The Lepidoptera of Ceylon Lepid. Ceylon 1 (1): 1-40, pl. 1-18 (Dec 1880), (2): 41-80, pl. 19-36 (Jan 1881), (3): 81-136, pl. 37-54 (Jun 1881), (4): 137-190, pl. 55-71 (Dec 1881)

Moore, [1884]

Descriptions of new Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (4) : 521-535, pl. 48-49

Parsons, 1986

A new genus and twenty-six new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae) from Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya Tyō to Ga 37 (3) : 103-177

Semper, 1889

Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinischen Inseln. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen Reisen Philipp. (1): 1-46, pl. 1-8, A (1886), (2): 47-86, pl. 9-16 (1887), (3): 87-134, pl. 17-24 (1888), (4): 135-174, pl. 25-32 (1889), (5): 175-238, pl. 33-38, B (1890), (6): 239-270, pl. 39-46 (1891), (7): 271-380, pl. 47-49 [iv] (1892)

Sharpe, 1890

Descriptions of some new Species of African Butterflies in the Collection of Captain G. E. Shelley Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 6 (34) : 346-350

Snellen, 1878

Opgave van en Aanteekeningen over Lepidoptera in zuid-west Celebes verzameld Tijdschr. Ent. 21 (1) : 1-43, pl. 1-2

Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003

The butterflies of Sulawesi: annotated checklist for a critical island faunda Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 3-268, pl. 1-16

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.