Empyreuma

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Empyreuma Hübner, 1818: Empyreuma Hübner, 1818; Zuträge Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : 12, TS: Sphinx pugione Linnaeus
Chrysaor Hübner, 1808; Erste Zuträge Schmett. : 4 (invalid, ICZN Op. 789), TS: Chrysaor erythropterus Hübner
Empyreuma ; Hampson, 1898, Cat. Lep. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 1 : 422; Weller, Simmons & Carlson, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 26

Empyreuma pugione (Linnaeus, 1767)

West Indies Sphinx pugione Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 807, TL: Virgin Islands
Sphinx lichas Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 70, pl. 45, f. B, TL: St. Thomas, Virgin Islands
Sphinx sanguinosa Martyn, 1797; Psyche: pl. 26, f. 18-19
Chrysaor erythropterus Hübner, 1808; Zuträge Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : 4 (unavailable)
Empyreuma mucro Zerny, 1912; in Wagner, Lepid. Cat. 7: 122 (unnec. repl. Zygaena lichas sensu Hampson, 1898)
Empyreuma sanguinea Rothschild, 1912; Novit. Zool. 19 : 155 (unnec. repl. Zygaena lichas sensu Hampson, 1898)

= ; Forbes, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 37: 344

Empyreuma sanguinea portoricensis Rothschild, 1912; Novit. Zool. 19 : 155, TL: Puerto Rico

= Empyreuma sanguinea ; Hampson, 1914, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 1: 267

Empyreuma affinis Rothschild, 1912; Novit. Zool. 19 : 155, TL: Cuba

= ; Weller, Simmons & Carlson, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 29

Empyreuma affinis haitensis Rothschild, 1912; Novit. Zool. 19 : 156, TL: Haiti

= Empyreuma affinis ; Hampson, 1914, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 1: 267
= ; Weller, Simmons & Carlson, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 29

Empyreuma pugione, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Empyreuma affinis, Lepidoptera of French Antilles [Pierre Zagatti]
Empyreuma affinis haytiensis[sic] ; Forbes, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 37: 339,344 (missp.)
Empyreuma affinis ; Hampson, 1914, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 1: 267, pl. 13, f. 31; [NACL, #8272]
Empyreuma pugione ; Hampson, 1898, Cat. Lep. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 1 : 423; Becker & Miller, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (1): 36, f. 119; Weller, Simmons & Carlson, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 29

Misidentified/misapplied:: Zygaena lichas Fabricius, 1781; Hampson, 1898, Cat. Lep. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 1 : 423, f. 223

Larva on Nerium oleander

Likely a Müllerian mimic of Pepsis rubra (Drury) Becker & Miller, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (1): 36

Empyreuma heros Bates, 1934

Bahamas Empyreuma heros Bates, 1934; Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 137, TL: Bahamas (Mariguana Island)
Empyreuma heros ; Weller, Simmons & Carlson, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 30

Empyreuma anassa Forbes, 1917

Jamaica Empyreuma anassa Forbes, 1917; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 37: 343, f. 5, TL: Jamaica, near Troy
Empyreuma anassa ; Weller, Simmons & Carlson, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 29

Misidentified/misapplied:: Empyreuma pugione; Hampson, 1898, Cat. Lep. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 1 : 423

16.8.2009 (3)

References:

[BHL]: The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!
[HBN]: Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[MPG]: North American Moth Photographers Group
[NACL]: Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico
[Pierre Zagatti]: WWW pages; Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the French Antilles; e-mail: Pierre Zagatti

Some related literature:

Bates, 1934: New lepidoptera from the Bahamas Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 133-138
Becker & Miller, 2002: The large moths of Guana Island, British Virgin Islands: a survey of efficient colonizers J. Lep. Soc. 56 (1): 9-44
Cramer, [1775]: Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775), (8): 133-155, pl. 85-96 (1776)
Forbes, 1917: Notes on West Indian Syntomidae and Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 37: 339-345
Hampson, 1898: Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. 1: Syntomidae Cat. Lep. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 1 : i-xxi, 1-559, pl. 1-17
Hübner, 1808: Erste Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, besthend in genauer und richtiger Bekundigrung einzeln erworbener Bildermuster neuerfundener americanischer und columbianischer Schmetterlinggattungen, von Jacob Hübner in Augsburg 1808 [rejected] Erste Zuträge Schmett. : [1-5], 6-8 (1808)
Hübner, 1808; Hübner, 1818: Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge, Vol. 1 [1808-] 1818 Zuträge Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : [1-3], 4-6, [7], 8-32, [33-40] (post 22nd December 1818), : pl. [1-2], f. 1-12 (1808 - 1809), : pl. [3-25], f. 13-146 (1809 - 1813), : pl. [26-35], f. 147-200 (1814 - 1818)
Linnaeus, 1767: Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, .... Editio Duocecima Reformata. Tom. 1. Part II. Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): -,533-1327
Martyn, 1797: Figures of non-descript lepidopterous insects, or rare moths and butterflies from different parts of the world Psyche: [32 pls]
Rothschild, 1912: New Syntomidae Novit. Zool. 19 : 151-186
Weller, Simmons & Carlson, 2004: Empyreuma species and species limits: evidence from morphology and molecules (Arctiidae: Arctiinae: Ctenuchini) J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 21-32
Zerny, 1912: Syntomidae in Wagner, Lepid. Cat. 7: 179pp

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.