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Spialia Swinhoe, [1912]
Grizzled Skippers, Sandmen
Spialia Swinhoe, [1912]; in Moore, Lepidoptera Indica, 10 (113): 99, TS: Hesperia galba Fabricius
Spialia (Pyrginae) ; [BK, 403]; [AfrL]

The asterodia species-group
asterodia ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 32, 33
Spialia asterodia (Trimen, 1864)
Lesotho, Natal, Transvaal, Orange Free State, Cape, Mozambique, Rhodesia. See [About maps] Pyrgus asterodia Trimen, 1864; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2 : 178, TL: "Cape Colony"; Plettenberg Bay
Syrichtus asterodia ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 42]
Spialia asterodia ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 33, pl. 1, f. 1-2; [AfrL]

Larva on Hermannia pilosula, H. candicans, Hibiscus sp. [PBSA], Pavonia macrophylla de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 33 (Murray, 1959)

Spialia agylla (Trimen, 1889)
-. See [About maps] Pyrgus agylla Trimen, 1889; South-African Butts 3 : 286, TL: Griqualand West
Syrichtus agylla ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 41]
Spialia agylla ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 36, pl. 1, f. 3-4; [AfrL]

Larva on Hermannia spp. [PBSA]

S. a. agylla
South Africa, Botswana Spialia agylla agylla ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 38; [AfrL]
S. a. bamptoni Vári, 1976
Namaqualand Spialia agylla bamptoni Vári, 1976; Ann. Transv. Mus. 30 : 123, f. 3-4, pl. 13, f. 3-4, TL: Hondekipbaai
Spialia agylla bamptoni ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 38; [AfrL]
Spialia kituina (Karsch, 1896)
Kenya. See [About maps] Kitui Grizzled Skipper
Hesperia kituina Karsch, 1896; Ent. Nachr. 22 (24) : 374, TL: Kitui, Kenya
Pyrgus bettoni Butler, 1898; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1898 : 415, pl. 32, f. 1, TL: Maungu Inkubwa, Kenya
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 38
Spialia kituina ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 38, pl. f. 5-6; [BK: 403, pl. 59, f. 766]; [AfrL]

Larva on Sida [BK]


The spio species-group
spio ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 32, 41
Spialia spio (Linnaeus, 1764)
Tropical Africa, SW.Arabia. See [About maps] Spio Grizzled Skipper
Papilio spio Linnaeus, 1764; Mus. Lud. Ulr.: 338
Papilio spio Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 796, TL: Cape of Good Hope
Papilio vindex Stoll, [1781]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29-31): 122, pl. 353, f. G, H, TL: Cape of Good Hope
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 41
Syrichtus spio ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 50]
Spialia spio ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 41, pl. 1, f. 7-8; [BK: 404, pl. 59, f. 767]; [AfrL]

Larva on Hermannia candicans, H. pilosula, H. pallius, H. coccocarpa, H. pollens, H. comosa, Pavonia macrophylla, P. columella, Hibiscus gossypinus, H. aethiopicus, Triumfetta sp., Lavatera arborea [PBSA]

Spialia diomus (Hopffer, 1855)
-. See [About maps] Diomus Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus diomus Hopffer, 1855; Ber. Verh. Akad. Berlin 1855 : 643, TL: Mozambique
Syrichtus diomus ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 44]
Spialia diomus ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 45, pl. 2, f. 9-12; [AfrL]

Larva on Hibiscus, Sida, Pavonia, Waltheria, Hermannia [BK]

S. d. diomus
W.Africa, Nigeria - Uganda, S.Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen, E.Africa Spialia diomus diomus ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 46, pl. 2, f. 9-10; [BK: 404, pl. 59, f. 768]; [AfrL]
S. d. ferax (Wallengren, 1863)
South Africa, Botswana, Transvaal, Natal, Rhodesia, Moçambique Syrichtus ferax Wallengren, 1863; Wien ent. Monats. 7: 137, TL: Kuisip River
Pyrgus abscondita Plötz, 1884; Mitt. nat. Ver. Neu-Pomm. 15: 21, TL: Africa
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 49
Syrichtus lacreuzei Oberthür, 1912; Étud. Lépid. Comp. 6 : 117, f. 1332, TL: Zoutpansberg, South Africa
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 49
Syrichtus abscondita ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 40]
Spialia diomus ferax ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 49, pl. 2, f. 11-12; [AfrL]

Larva on Hermannia pilosula, H. candicans, H. comosa, H. pallius, Hibiscus aethiopicus, Pavonia macrophylla [PBSA]


The phlomidis species-group
phlomidis ; de Jong, 1974, [REFa]; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 32, 50
Spialia phlomidis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1845])
Balkans, S.Russia, Asia Minor, Iran. See [About maps] Persian Skipper
phlomidis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1845]); Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (11): 153, (12): (iii) pl. 2, f. 8-9, TL: (shores) Sea of Marmora, Turkey
jason Oberthür, 1912
eupator Hemming, 1932
Spialia phlomidis, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
 Spialia phlomidis ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 233; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 52; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 30]; [BRU, 115]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Convolvulus libanotica [BRU]

S. p. phlomidis
Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, S.Russia;Iran, Alai Spialia phlomidis phlomidis ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 234; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 52
S. p. hermona Evans, 1956
Lebanon phlomidis hermona Evans, 1956; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 9 : 750, TL: Mt. Hermon
?Spialia phlomidis kiki Higgins; J. Ent. (B) 43 (1): (83-87)
Spialia phlomidis hermona ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 235; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 52
Spialia osthelderi (Pfeiffer, 1932)
-. See [About maps] Hesperia (Ateleomorpha) osthelderi Pfeiffer, 1932; in Osthelder & Pfeiffer, Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 22 : 50, pl. 4, f. 14-15, 18, TL: Marash, Taurus Mts, S. Turkey
Spialia osthelderi, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
 Spialia osthelderi ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 235; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 52; [BRU, 115]
S. o. osthelderi
Asia Minor - Middle East, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, W.Iran Spialia osthelderi osthelderi ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 236
S. o. gecko Evans, 1949
Kopet-Dagh, Iran - Afghanistan, Sussamyr Mts osthelderi gecko Evans, 1949; Cat. Hesp. Europe Asia Australia Brit. Mus.: 176, TL: Hyrcania
Spialia osthelder struveoides Brandt, 1939; (nom. nud., Pfeiffer)
Spialia osthelderi gecko ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 236
Spialia geron (Watson, 1893)
Afghanistan, W.Pakistan. See [About maps] geron (Watson, 1893); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (1) : 66, TL: Quetta, Baluchistan
Spialia geron geron ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 238
Spialia geron ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 238; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 52
Spialia struvei (Püngeler, 1914)
Iran - Dzhungaria. See [About maps] Hesperia struvei Püngeler, 1914; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 28 (1) : 37, pl. 2, f. 13, 20, TL: Barkul, E. Tian-Shan
Spialia struvei, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
 Spialia geron struvei ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 238; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 53
Spialia struvei ; [BRU, 115]
S. s. irida Zhdanko, 1993
Alaisky Mts.
S. s. fetida Zhdanko, 1992
W.Kazakhstan ?Spialia fetida Zhdanko, 1992; Trudy Zool. inst. 248: (184-186)
Spialia doris (Walker, 1870)
Arabia, N.India, E.Africa. See [About maps] Aden Skipper Desert Grizzled Skipper
Nisoniades doris Walker, 1870; Entomologist 5 (4): 56, TL: Tajora (Straits of Bab-el-Mendeb) [Egypt]
Spialia doris, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
 Spialia doris ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 239; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 53; [BRU, 116]; [AfrL]

Larva on Convolvulus lanatus, (Egypt) [H&R]

S. d. doris
NE.Kenya, S.Arabia, Somalia, Ethiopia Spialia evanidus adenensis Butler, 1884; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1884 : 493, TL: Aden
Spialia doris doris ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 241; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 53 (note); [BK: 404, pl. 59, f. 769]; [AfrL]
S. d. daphne Evans, 1949
SW.Morocco Spialia doris daphne Evans, 1949; Cat. Hesp. Europe Asia Australia Brit. Mus.: 177, TL: High Atlas, Ziz Valley (Morocco)
Spialia doris daphne ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 240; [BMAT: 92, pl. 30, f. 34-37]; [AfrL]

Larva on Convolvulus trabutianus, C. lanatus, C. caputmedusae, (in Sinai) Convolvulus sp., Ipomoea stolonifera [BMAT]

S. d. amenophis (Reverdin, 1914)
N.Egypt doris amenophis (Reverdin, 1914); Bull. Soc. Lép. Genève 3: 55, pl. 3, f. 5, 11, pl. 4, f. 1, TL: Heliopolis, Egypt
Spialia doris amenophis ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 54 (note); [BMAT: 93 (note)]; [AfrL]
S. d. evanida (Butler, 1880)
S.Turkmenia, S.Uzbekistan, S.Iran doris evanida (Butler, 1880); Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 5 (27) : 223, TL: Hubb River, S. Baluchistan
Spialia doris evanida ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 241; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 54 (note)

The colotes species-group
colotes ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 32, 54
Spialia colotes (Druce, 1875)
-. See [About maps] Pyrgus colotes Druce, 1875; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875 : 416, TL: Angola
Spialia colotes ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 54, pl. 2, f. 13-14; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 38]; [AfrL]
S. c. colotes
Angola Pyrgus nora Plötz, 1884; Mitt. nat. Ver. Neu-Pomm. 15: 7, TL: Loango, Angola
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 55
Spailia colotes colotes ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 55
Spialia colotes colotes ; [AfrL]
S. c. transvaaliae (Trimen, 1889)
Botswana, Transvaal, Rhodesia - Kenya, Uganda Transvaal Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus transvaaliae Trimen, 1889; South-African Butts 3 : 286, TL: Transvaal
Spialia colotes transvaaliae ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 56; [BK: 405, pl. 59, f. 770]; [AfrL]

Larva on Hibiscus fuscus [BK]

S. c. semiconfluens de Jong, 1978
Ethiopia, Somalia, SW.Arabia Spialia colotes semiconfluens de Jong, 1978; Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 58, pl. 2, f. 13-14, TL: Bihendula, Somalia
Spialia colotes semiconfluens ; [BK, 405 (note)]; [AfrL]
Spialia confusa (Higgins, 1924)
-. See [About maps] Hesperia transvaaliae var. confusa Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 90, TL: SW shore Lake Nyase, betw. Ft. Johnston and Monkey Bay
Spialia confusa ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 59, pl. 2, f. 15-16; [AfrL]

Larva on Melhania, Triumfetta [BK]

S. c. confusa
Tanzania - Natal, N.Zambia Hesperia transvaaliae var. fasciata Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 90, TL: betw. Ft. Mangoche and Chikala Boma, Malawi
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 60
Spialia confusa confusa ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 60; [AfrL]
S. c. obscura (Higgins, 1924)
Kenya Hesperia transvaalieae var. obscura Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 92, TL: Nairobi
Spialia confusa obscura ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 59, pl. 2, f. 15-16; [BK: 405, pl. 59, f. 771]; [AfrL]

The sertorius species-group
sertorius ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 241; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 32, 61
Spialia mafa (Trimen, 1870)
Natal, Botswana, Rhodesia, South West Africa, Cape, S.Africa - Sudan, S.Arabia. See [About maps] Mafa Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus mafa Trimen, 1870; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (4) : 386, pl. 6, f. 12, TL: Maseru, Basutoland
Spialia mafa ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 62, pl. 4, f. 25-26; [AfrL]

Larva on Hermannia spp., Hibiscus aethiopicus [PBSA], Hibiscus, Pavonia, Hermannia [BK]

S. m. mafa
S.Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, S.Africa Hesperia oberthüri Aurivillius, 1925; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 565, TL: Kimberley
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 65
Pyrgus aurivillii Shepard, 1935; Lep. Cat. 69: 496 (repl. Hesperia oberthüri Aurivillius, 1925)
Spialia mafa mafa ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 65; [AfrL]
S. m. higginsi Evans, 1937
Oman, Yemen, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi Spialia mafa higginsi Evans, 1937; Cat. African Hesp. Brit. Mus.: 62, TL: Mumia, Kenya
Spialia mafa higginsi ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 64; [BK: 405, pl. 59, f. 772]; [AfrL]
Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)
-. See [About maps] Indian Skipper Indian Grizzled Skipper
Hesperia galba Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 352, TL: Tranquebar, S.India
Spialia galba, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
 Spialia galba ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 66, pl. 4, f. 27-28; [BOW: pl. 188, f. 41]; [MRS, 716]
[galba-1x.jpg] 732x539 (~49Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Ko Khram Island, Saikawe beach, a side of a road through shrubbery at the coast, 10th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin [galba-1y.jpg] 794x624 (~51Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Ko Khram Island, Saikawe beach, a side of a road through shrubbery at the coast, 10th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Sida rhombifolia, Hibiscus, Waltheria indica de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 68 (Swinhoe, Woodhouse)


S. g. galba
Pakistan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Ceylon, Thailand Pyrgus superna Moore, [1866]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (3) : 792, TL: Calcutta
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 68
Spialia galba galba ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 68
S. g. shanta Evans, 1956
Burma Spialia galba shanta Evans, 1956; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 9 : 750, TL: Hsipaw, S. Shan States
Spialia galba shanta ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 69
S. g. chenga Evans, 1956
Hainan Spialia galba chenga Evans, 1956; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 9 : 750, TL: Kiung-Chow, Hainan
Spialia galba chenga ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 69
Spialia sertorius (Hoffmannsegg, 1804)
W.Asia?, Chitral?, Altai?, Tibet?, Amur?. See [About maps] Red Underwing Skipper Sertorio Powszelatek sertor
Hesperia sertorius Hoffmannsegg, 1804; Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 3: 203, TL: Germany
Spialia sertorius, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Spialia sertorius, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
 Spialia sertorius ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 246; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 71; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 31-32]; [Otakar Kudrna]
[sertorius-1.jpg] 366x348 (~39Kb) Mt. Canigou, Pyrenees Orientales, France 27/7/96, Photo © Simon Coombes [sertorius-1u.jpg] 450x363 (~35Kb) upperside Mt. Canigou, Pyrenees Orientales, France 27/7/96, Photo © Simon Coombes

Larva on Sanguisorba, Rubus, Potentilla [H&R], Sanguisorba minor, Potentilla verna, Rubus idaeus [BMAT]


S. s. sertorius
CEU, SEU Papilio sao Hübner, ?; (invalid homonym)
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 250
hibiscae Hemming, 1936
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 250
sertorius parvula Verity
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 250
hibiscae minor Rebel
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 250
gracilis Verity, 1921; , TL: Florence
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 250
subgracilis Verity, 1912
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 250
guadarramensis Warren, 1925; , TL: La Granja, Sierra de Guadarrama
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 251
gavarniensis Warren, 1926; , TL: Gavarnie
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 251
alioides Verity, 1926; , TL: Oulx, Cottian Alps
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 251
Spialia sertorius sertorius ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 248
S. s. ali (Oberthür, 1881)
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia Syrichtus ali Oberthür, 1881; Étud. d'Ent. 6: 61, pl. 2, f. 3, TL: Oran Constantine [Lambessa] (Algeria)
Syrichtus sao therapnoïdes Oberthür, 1910; Ètud. Lépid. Comp. 4 : 385, pl. 54, f. 448, TL: Sebdou (Algeria)
Spialia sertorius ali f. rungsi Picard, 1950; [BMAT: 123], TL: Ifrane (Morocco)
Spialia sertorius ali ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 247; [BMAT: 92, pl. 30, f. 29-33]

Larva on Sanguisorba magnolii [BMAT]

Spialia therapne (Rambur, 1832)
Corsica, Sardinia. See [About maps] Hesperia therapne Rambur, 1832; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1 : 265, pl. 7, f. 4, TL: Corsica
Spialia sertorius therapne ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 248
Spialia therapne ; [Otakar Kudrna]
Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823])
Temperate Asia - Korea. See [About maps] orbifer (Hübner, [1823]); Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 161, f. 803-806, TL: Hungary
?murasaki Sugitani, 1936
Spialia orbifer, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Spialia orbifer, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
 Spialia orbifer ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 252; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 71; [BRU, 116]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Rubus idaeus, Sanguisorba officinalis, S. minor, Potentilla gelida [BRU]

S. o. orbifer
SEEU - SW.Siberia, N.Iran, Sicily tesselloides Herrich-Schäffer, [1845]; , TL: Sicily
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 254
f. minor Rebel, 1909; (gen. aest.)
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 253
posttesselloides Verity, 1938; , TL: Olympus
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 253
Spialia orbifer orbifer ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 253
S. o. hilaris (Staudinger, 1901)
SE.Turkey - Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, N.Iraq, W.Iran orbifer hilaris (Staudinger, 1901); Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb.: 96, TL: N.Mesopotamia
secunda Graves, 1925
= ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 255
Spialia orbifer hilaris ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 254
S. o. carnea (Reverdin, 1927)
Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Chitral orbifer carnea (Reverdin, 1927); in O. Bang-Haas, Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 52, pl. 7, f. 28, TL: Paghman Mountains, Afghanistan
Spialia orbifer carnea ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 256; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 71
S. o. lugens (Staudinger, 1886)
Tian-Shan, NE.Iran, Transcaspia, S.Siberia - Amur Pyrgus orbifer var. lugens Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (7-9): 256, TL: Ferghana, E.Tian-Shan
Spialia lugens ;
Spialia orbifer lugens ; de Jong, 1974, Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 255
S. o. pseudolugens P. Gorbunov, 1995
Altai, S.Urals orbifer pseudolugens P. Gorbunov, 1995; , TL: Altai and S.Urals

The dromus species-group
dromus ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 32, 72
Spialia wrefordi Evans, 1951
N.Kenya, Uganda. See [About maps] Wreford's Grizzled Skipper
Spialia wrefordi Evans, 1951; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 4: 1270, TL: Kotido, Karamoja, Uganda
Spialia wrefordi ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 73, pl. 5, f. 33-34; [BK: 405, pl. 59, f. 773]; [AfrL]
Spialia paula (Higgins, 1924)
Botswana, Transvaal, Rhodesia. See [About maps] Hesperia paula Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 77, pl. 8, f. 22, TL: Bulawayo, Rhodesia
Spialia paula ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 74, pl. 5, f. 35-36; [AfrL]
Spialia secessus (Trimen, 1891)
Tanzania, Rhodesia, Transvaal. See [About maps] Pyrgus secessus Trimen, 1891; Proc. zool. soc. Lond. 1891 : 102 [dry-season], pl. 9, f. 22, TL: Omrora, Damara-land
Hesperia secessa f. trimeni Aurivillius, 1925; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 564, pl. 75 d [wet-season], TL: Rhodesia
Syrichtus secessus ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 49]
Spialia secessus ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 76, pl. 5, f. 37-38; [AfrL]
Spialia dromus (Plötz, 1884)
Transkei - Natal (coastal), Tropical Africa. See [About maps] Dromus Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus dromus Plötz, 1884; Mitt. nat. Ver. Neu-Pomm. 15: 6, TL: Congo
Pyrgus zaira Plötz, 1884; Mitt. nat. Ver. Neu-Pomm. 15: 6, TL: Congto
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 80
Syrichthus melaleuca Oberthür, 1912; Étud. Lépid. Comp. 6 : 113, f. 1327, TL: Kitang
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 80
Syrichthus leucomelas Oberthür, 1912; Étud. Lépid. Comp. 6 : 118, f. 1308, TL: Mpala, L. Tanganyika
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 80
Hesperia dromus var. elongata Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 95, TL: Makindu, Kenya
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 80
Hesperia dromus var. meridionalis Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 95, TL: Zanzibar
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 80
Spialia dromus ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 80, pl. 5, f. 39-40; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 39]; [BK: 406, pl. 59, f. 774]; [AfrL]

Larva on Triumfetta tomentosa, T. rhomboidea [PBSA], Triumfetta, Melhania, Waltheria [BK]

Spialia ploetzi (Aurivillius, 1891)
W.Kenya - W.Africa. See [About maps] Froest Grizzled Skipper
Hesperia ploetzi Aurivillius, 1891; Ent. Tidskr. 12 : 227, TL: Cameroun
Syrichtus ploetzi ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 46]
Spialia ploetzi ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 84; [AfrL]

Larva on Triumfetta [BK]

S. p. ploetzi
W.Cameroun, W.Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire Hesperia zebra Rebel, 1914; Ann. k.k. naturh. Hofmus. Wien. 28 : 271, pl. 22, f. 52-53 (preocc. Pyrgus zebra Butler, 188)
Hesperia rebeli Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 101 (repl. Hesperia zebra Rebel, 1914)
Syrichtus rebeli ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 47]
Spialia ploetzi ploetzi ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 85, pl. 6, f. 41-42; [BK: 406, pl. 59, f. 775]; [AfrL]
S. p. occidentalis de Jong, 1977
W.Africa Spialia ploetzi occidentalis de Jong, 1977; Ent. Ber. Amst. 37: 43, TL: Ghana
Spialia ploetzi occidentalis ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 87; [BK: 406 (note)]; [AfrL]

The delagoae species-group
delagoae ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 32, 88
Spialia mangana (Rebel, 1899)
SW.Arabia, Somalia, Ethiopia, N.Kenya, Uganda (Karamoja). See [About maps] Arabian Grizzled Skipper
Hesperia (Pyrgus) mangana Rebel, 1899; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 36 : 360, TL: Ras Fartak, S. Yemen
Spialia mangana ; de Jong, 1978, [REF]; [BK: 406, pl. 59, f. 776]; [AfrL]
Spialia nanus (Trimen, 1889)
Cape, W.Orange Free State. See [About maps] Pyrgus nanus Trimen, 1889; South-African Butts 3 : 290, TL: Malmesbury, Cape
Syrichtus nanus ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 45]
Spialia nanus ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 91, pl. 6, f. 47-48; [AfrL]

Larva on Hermannia pilosula, H. candicans, H. comosa, H. pollens, H. pulverata, Hibiscus aethiopicus, Mahernia sp. [PBSA]

Spialia delagoae (Trimen, 1898)
South West Africa, Botswana, Transvaal, Swaziland, Zululand, Rhodesia, Moçambique, Kenya. See [About maps] Delagoa Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus delagoae Trimen, 1898; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1898 (1) : 15, TL: Delagoa Bay
Syrichtus delagoae ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 43]
Spialia delagoae ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 94, pl. 7, f. 49-50; [BK: 406, pl. 59, f. 777]; [AfrL]
Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888)
-. See [About maps] Pyrgus zebra Butler, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (3): 207, TL: Koteer, Chittar Pahar
Spialia zebra ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 95, pl. 7, f. 51-52; [AfrL]
S. z. zebra
Pakistan, Punjab Hesperia hellas de Nicéville, 1889; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 4 (3) : 177, pl. B, f. 9, TL: Campbellpur (Punjab)
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 98
Spialia zebra zebra ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 98; [BK, 407 (note)]
S. z. bifida (Higgins, 1924)
Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia, SW.Arabia Hesperia bifida Higgins, 1924; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 111, TL: Nairobi
Spialia zebra bifida ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 98; [BK: 407, pl. 59, f. 778]; [AfrL]

Larva on Melhania, Dombeya [BK]

Spialia sataspes (Trimen, 1864)
Cape (Coastal). See [About maps] Pyrgus sataspes Trimen, 1864; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2 : 178, TL: Plettenberg, Cape Prov.
Syrichtus sataspes ; [BOW: pl. 130, f. 48]
Spialia sataspes ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 99, pl. 7, f. 53-54; [AfrL]

Larva on Hermannia spp., Hibiscus aethiopicus [PBSA]

Spialia depauperata (Strand, 1911)
-. See [About maps] Deprived Grizzled Skipper
Hesperia ferax var. depauperata Strand, 1911; Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 5 (2) : 304, TL: Msamwia, betw. Lake Rukwa and Lake Tanganyika, S.Tanzania
Spialia depauperata ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 102, pl. 7, f. 55-56; [AfrL]

Larva on Melhania [BK]

S. d. depauperata
Uganda, Kenya - Zambia, Mozambique Syrichthus rehfousi Oberthür, 1912; Étud. Lépid. Comp. 6 : 117, f. 1331, TL: Mpala, W. shore of Lake Tanganyika
= ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 104
Spialia depauperata depauperata ; de Jong, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 104; [BK: 407, pl. 59, f. 779]; [AfrL]
S. d. australis de Jong, 1978
Natal, Transvaal - Rhodesia Spialia depauperata australis de Jong, 1978; Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 105, TL: Muden, Natal
Spialia depauperata australis ; [AfrL]

18.12.2011 (28)

References:
[About maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.
[AfrL]
Mark C. Williams; Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea; Compiled by Mark C. Williams, 7th ed. (2008) (April 2007); e-mail: Mark C. Williams
[BHL]
The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!
[BK]
Larsen, Torben B., 1996; The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history
[BMAT]
Tennent, John, 1996; The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; ISBN 0 906802 05 9
[BOW]
Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X
[BRU]
Tuzov, Bogdanov, Devyatkin, Kaabak, Korolev, Murzin, Samodurov, Tarasov, 1997; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae; Volume 1
[H&R]
Higgins, L.G, Riley, N.D, 1970; A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe
[HBN]
Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[Ilya Osipov]
The insects from former USSR for collectors Web site; e-mail: Ilya Osipov; http://www.osipov.org/insects/
[MBE]
Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/
[MRS]
Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2
[Oleg Kosterin]
Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/
[PBSA]
Dickson, C.G.C (ed.), Kroon, D.M.; Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa; AD. DONKER 1978
[Simon Coombes]
1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk
[Yutaka Inayoshi]
A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM

Some related literature:
Aurivillius, 1891
Verzeichniss einer vom Herrn Fritz Theorin aus Gabun und dem Gebiete des Camerunflusses heimgebrachten Schmetterlings-sammlung Ent. Tidskr. 12 : 193-228, pl. 1-3
Aurivillius, 1925
Die Gross-Schmetteringe der Erde; 13 Band; Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 1-613, pl. 1-80
Reverdin in O. Bang-Haas, 1927
Horae Macrolepidopterologicae Regionis Palaearcticae Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 128pp, 11pls
Butler, 1880
On a small collection of Lepidoptera from western India and Belochistan Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 5 (27) : 221-226
Butler, 1884
On a collection of Lepidoptera made by Major J.W. Yerbury at or near Aden Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1884 : 478-503, pl. 46
Butler, 1888
An Acccount of three Series of Lepidoptera collected in North-west India by Major Yerbury Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (2): 132-151, (3): 196-209
Butler, 1898
On a collection of Lepidoptera made in British East Africa by Mr C. S. Betton Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1898 : 395-444, pl. 32-33
de Nicéville, 1889
On new and little-known Butterflies from the Indian Region, with Revision of the Genus Plesioneura of Felder and of Authors J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 4 (3) : 163-194, pl. A-B
Druce, 1875
A list of the Collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera made by J.J. Monteiro, Esq., in Angola, with Descriptions of some new Species Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875 : 406-417
Evans, 1937
A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae. British Museum Cat. African Hesp. Brit. Mus.: 1-212, pl. 1-30
Evans, 1949
A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum Cat. Hesp. Europe Asia Australia Brit. Mus.: xix, 502pp, pl. 1-53
Evans, 1951
Revisional notes on African Hesperiidae Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 4: 1268-1272
Evans, 1956
Revisional Notes on the Hesperiidae of Europe, Asia and Australia Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 9 : 749-752
Herrich-Schäffer, [1845]
Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu J. Hübner's Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 1843 (-1855), Die Tagfalter Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (9): Title ("1843"), (1): [1-3], 4-16, (ii) pl. 1-5, f. 1-29 (1843), (2): 17-40, (ii) pl. 29-34, f. 131-156 (1843), (3): 41-56, (ii) pl. 6-12, f. 30-60, pl. 35-36, f. 157-164 (1844), (4): 57-80, (ii) pl. 13-22, f. 61-107 (1844), (5): 81-90, (ii) pl. 23-28, f. 108-130, pl. 37-41, f. 165-189 (1844), (6): 91-98, (ii) pl. 42-44, f. 190-203 (1844), (7): 99-114, (ii) pl. 45-52, f. 204-248 (1844), (9): 115-122 (1844), (10): 123-146, (ii) pl. 53-57, f. 249-274 (1845), (11): 147-162 (1845), (12): (iii) pl. 1-3, f. 1-17 (1845), (13): 163-164, (ii) pl. 58-65, f. 275-315 (1846), (14): (ii) pl. 66-70, f. 316-338, (iii) pl. 4-5, f. 18-30 (1846), (26): (ii) pl. 71-77, f. 339-376 (1847), (32): (ii) pl. 78-82, f. 377-400 (1848), (36): (ii) pl. 83-89, f. 401-426, (iii) pl. 6, f. 31-36 (1848), (37): (ii) pl. 90-91, f. 427-437 (1849), (43): (ii) pl. 92-94, f. 438-450, 452-453 (1850), (45): (ii) pl. 95-102, f. 453-489 (1850), (47): (ii) pl. 103, f. 490-495 (1851), (49): (ii) pl. 104-109, f. 496-528 (1851), (51): (ii) pl. 110-118, f. 529-570 (1851), (54): (ii) pl. 119-123, f. 571-596 (1852), (56): (ii) pl. 124-127, f. 597-618, pl. 130-132, f. 628-639, pl. 134, f. 646-651 (1852), (59): (ii) pl. 128-129, f. 619-627, pl. 133, f. 640-645 (1853), (65): (iii) pl. 7, f. 37-42, (index) [1], 2-20 (1854), (66): (index) 21-24 (1855)
Higgins, 1924
On the Ethiopian species of the genus Hesperia (Lep. Rhop.), with descriptions of two new species Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 64-120
Hopffer, 1855
[Lepidoptera Diurna] Ber. Verh. Akad. Berlin 1855 : 639-643
Hübner, [1823]
Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. I. Papiliones - Falter ("Erste Band") Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : 3-74, : pl. 1-88, f. 1-446 (1799-1800), : pl. 89-96, f. 447-490 (1800-1803), : pl. 97-114, f. 491-588 (1803-1804), : pl. 115-119, f. 589-612 (1805), : pl. 120-124, f. 613-636 (1805-1806), : pl. 125-128, f. 637-652 (1806-1808), : pl. 129-144, f. 653-727 (1808-1813), : pl. 145-147, f. 728-741 (1814-1816), : pl. 148-150, f. 742-756 (1816-1817), : pl. 151, f. 757-762 (1818-1819), : pl. 152-154, f. 757-774 (1819-1822), : pl. 155, f. 775-778 (1822-1823), : pl. 156-161, f. 779-806 (1823), : pl. 162-175, f. 807-874 (1823-1824), : pl. 176, f. 869-874 (1824-1825), : pl. 177-181, f. 875-895 (1825-1826), : pl. 182-187, f. 896-981 (1827-1828), : pl. 188-195, f. 922-968 (1828-1832), : pl. 196, f. 969-974 (1832-1833), : pl. 197-201, f. 975-997 (1834-1836), : pl. 202-203, f. 998-1009 (1836-1838), : pl. 204-207, f. 1010-1029 (1837-1838)
de Jong, 1974
Systematics and evolution of palaearctic Spialia species Tijdschr. Ent. 117 : 225-271
de Jong, 1978
Monograph of the genus Spialia Swinhoe Tijdschr. Ent. 121 : 23-146, pl. 1-7
Karsch, 1896
Aethiepische Hesperiiden Ent. Nachr. 22 (24) : 372-378
Linnaeus, 1764
Museum S'ae R'ae M'tis Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque Mus. Lud. Ulr.: vi + 720 + [2]
Linnaeus, 1767
Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, .... Editio Duocecima Reformata. Tom. 1. Part II. Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): -,533-1327
Moore, [1866]
On the Lepidopterous Insects of Bengal Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (3) : 755-823, pl. 41-43
Oberthür, 1910
Notes pour servir à établir la Faune Française et Algérienne des Lépidoptères Ètud. Lépid. Comp. 4 : 15-691, pl. 35-58
Oberthür, 1912
Observations sur les Hesperiidae du genre Syrichthus Étud. Lépid. Comp. 6 : 47-120, pl. 137-143
Pfeiffer in Osthelder & Pfeiffer, 1932
Lepidopteren-Fauna von Marasch in türkisch Nordsyrien Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 22 : 17-32, : 38-51, : 52-73, : 74, : 74-82, : 83-87
Püngeler, 1914
Neue palaearktische Macrolepidopteren Dt. ent. Z. Iris 28 (1) : 37-55, pl. 2-3
Rambur, 1832
Catalogue des Lépidoptéres de l'ile Corse, avec la description et la figure des espéces inédites (1) Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1 : 245-295
Rebel, 1899
Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Südarabien und von der Insel Sokotra Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 36 : 359-361
Rebel, 1914
Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition R. Grauernach. Zentralafrika. 1909-1911. Lepidoptera Ann. k.k. naturh. Hofmus. Wien. 28 : 219-294
Reverdin, 1914
Notes sur les genres Carcharodus, Hesperia et Thanaos Bull. Soc. Lép. Genève 3: 38-77
Staudinger, 1886
Centralasiatische Lepidopteren Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 193-215, (7-9): 225-256
Stoll, [1781]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 29-90, pl. 305-336 (1780), (29-31): 91-164, pl. 337-372 (1781), (32-32): 165-252, 1-29, pl. 373-400 (1782)
Strand, 1911
Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn Hauptmann a. D. Fromm 1908/09 nach Deutsch-Ostafrica. I. Lepidoptera Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 5 (2) : 275-304
Trimen, 1864
Descriptions of some New Species of Butterflies found in Southern Africa Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2 : 175-180
Trimen, 1870
Notes on Butterflies collected by J. H. Bowker, Esq., in Basuto-land, South Africa; with descriptions of some New Species Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (4) : 341-390, pl. 6
Trimen, 1889
South-African Butterflies: a monograph of the extra-tropical species. Vol. 3 South-African Butts 3 : 1-438, pl. 10-12
Trimen, 1891
On Butterflies collected in tropical South-Western Africa, by Mr. A. W. Eriksson Proc. zool. soc. Lond. 1891 : 59-107, pl. 8-9
Trimen, 1898
On some new or little-known Species of African Butterflies Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1898 (1) : 1-16, pl. 1
Vári, 1976
South African Lepidoptera 7. Descriptions and notes of new taxa of Rhopalocera Ann. Transv. Mus. 30 : 121-144, 5pls
Walker, 1870
A list of the [61] Butterflies collected by J.K. Lord Esq. in Egypt, along the African shore of the Red Sea, and in Arabia; with descriptions of the Species new to Science Entomologist 5 (4): 48-57
Wallengren, 1863
Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen (1-3) Wien ent. Monats. 4: 33-46,161-176 (1860), 7: 137-151 (1863)
Watson, 1893
A proposed classification of the Hesperiidae, with a revision of the genera Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (1) : 3-133, pl. 1-3
Zhdanko, 1992
[A new skipper species of the genus Spialia Swinh. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from Kazakhstan] Trudy Zool. inst. 248: 184-186 (Russian)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.