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Gangara Moore, [1882]

Gangara Moore, [1882]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 164, TS: Papilio thyrsis Fabricius
Paduka Distant, 1886; Rhopalocera Malayana : 369, 375, TS: Paduka glandulosa Distant
Gangara (Hesperiinae) ; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 68

Gangara thyrsis (Fabricius, 1775)

Ceylon, S.India - Bombay, Calcutta, Sikkim - Assam, Burma. See [About maps] Giant Redeye
Papilio thyrsis Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 532, no. 383, TL: "America" [= error, Tranquebar, S.India]
?Goniloba clothilda Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23 (12): 195, TL: ?Ceylon
Gangara thyrsis thyrsis, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Gangara thyrsis ; [BOW: pl. 186, f. 25]; [MRS, 737]; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 68

Larva on Palmaceae [MRS], Arenga, Calamus, Caryota, Cocos, Eugeissona, Korthalsia, Licuala, Livistona, Metroxylon, Nypa, Phoenix, Roystonea, Trachycarpus, Musa, Philydrum Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 68

G. t. thyrsis

S.India, NW.India - Burma, Andamans, S.Nicobars, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, S.China, Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Bangka, Nias, Palawan, Sulawesi Hesperia pandia Moore, [1858]; in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 1 : 254, pl. 7, f. 10, 10a, TL: Calcutta
Gangara thyrsis pandia Fruhstorfer, 1910; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 24 (5): 102, TL: Java
Gangara thyrsis yasodara Fruhstorfer, 1910; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 24 (5): 103, TL: Andamans
Gangara hainana Sonan, 1938; Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 28: 37, TL: Hainan
Gangara thyrsis thyrsis ; [BMP: 372, pl. 58, f. 1-2]

Larva on Eugeissona tristis [BMP]

Gangara sanguinocculus (Martin, 1895)

Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. See [About maps] Erionota sanguinocculus Martin, 1895; Einige neue Tagschmetterlinge von Nordost Sumatra [1]: 5, TL: NE.Sumatra
Gangara sanguinocculus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Gangara sanguinocculus ; [BMP: 373, pl. 58, f. 16-17]

Gangara lebadea (Hewitson, 1868)

India, Ceylon, Malaya, Indo-China, Borneo. See [About maps] Hesperia lebadea Hewitson, 1868; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Hesperia III): [101], pl. [51], f. 22-23, TL: Borneo
Gangara lebadea lebadea, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Gangara lebadea ; [BOW: pl. 186, f. 26]; [MRS, 737]

G. l. lebadea

Sikkim - Burma, Thailand, Laos, N.Vietnam, Yunnan, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bawean, Bali, Palawan Paduka glandulosa Distant, 1886; Rhopalocera Malayana : 376, pl. 35, f. 5, TL: Malaysia
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; [BMP: 373, pl. 58, f. 3-4]

G. l. subfasciata (Moore, 1878)

Ceylon Ismene subfasciata Moore, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3) : 686, TL: Ceylon
Gangara lebadea subfasciata ; [NHM]

G. l. andamanica (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881)

Andamans Ismene lebadea var. andamanica Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 50 Pt.II (4) : 254, TL: Andamans

Gangara tumpa de Jong, 1992

Sulawesi. See [About maps] Gangara tumpa ; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 69

1.5.2012 (4)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BMP]

Eliot (Ed.), Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992; The Butterflies of The Malay Peninsula; 4th edition; ISBN 983-9681-05-2

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[NHM]

Natural History Museum; The Global Lepidoptera Names Index

[Yutaka Inayoshi]

A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM

Some related literature:

Distant, 1886

Rhopalocera Malayana: a Description of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula Rhopalocera Malayana : 1-481, pl. 1-27,27A,27B,28-44

Fabricius, 1775

Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. Syst. Ent.: 832pp

Fruhstorfer, 1910

Neue Hesperiden des Indo-Malayischen Faunengebietes und Besprechung verwandter Formen Dt. ent. Z. Iris 24 (3): 58 (1 March), (4): 59-74 (1 April), (5): 75-104 (1 May)

Herrich-Schäffer, 1869

Versuch einer systematischen Anordnung der Schmetterlinge CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23 (4): 56-64, (5): 67-77, (9): 130-141, (11): 163-172, (12): 184-204

Hewitson, 1868

Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Ill. exot. Butts [5] : (Systematic Index) V, (Anteros): [1-2], pl. [1] (1867), (Erycina & Necyria): [3-4], pl. [2] (1870), (Erycina Symmachia &c): [5-6], pl. [3] (1875), (Necyria & Esthemopsis): [7-8], pl. [4] (1872), (Calydna): [9-10], pl. [5] (1854), (Calydna II): [11-12], pl. [6] (1859), (Theope): [13-14], pl. [7] (1860), (Symmachia): [15-16], pl. [8] (1867), (Symmachia & Charis II): [17-18], pl. [9] (1871), (Charis): [19-20], pl. [10] (1866), (Emesis): [21-22], pl. [11] (1872), (Nymphidium I): [23-24], pl. [12] (1853), (Nymphidium II-III): [25-28], pl. [13-14] (1865), (Nymphidium IV): [29-30], pl. [15] (1871), (Lemonias I): [31-32], pl. [16] (1853), (Lemonias II): [33-34], pl. [17] (1858), (Lemonias III-IV): [35-38], pl. [18-19] (1863), (Lemonias V): [39-40], pl. [20] (1872), (Lemonias & Baeotis): [41-42], pl. [21] (1875), (Lemonias & Baeotis): [43-44], pl. [22] (1874), (Pachythone & Cremna): [45-46], pl. [23] (1873), (Hades, Uraneis, &c): [47-48], pl. [24] (1870), (Limnas I-II): [49-52], pl. [25-26] (1853), (Limnas & Panara): [53-54], pl. [27] (1875), (Limnas &c): [55-56], pl. [28] (1876), (Limnas & Ithomeis): [57-58], pl. [29] (1870), (Chamaelimnas & Ithomiola): [59-60], pl. [30] (1871), (Hermathena &c): [61-62], pl. [31] (1875), (Ogyris): [63-64], pl. [32] (1853), (Pentila & Liptena): [65-66], pl. [33] (1866), (Pentila & Liptena II): [67-68], pl. [34] (1873), (Lycaena): [69-70], pl. [35] (1876), (Pyrrhopyga I-II): [71-74], pl. [36-37] (1857), (Pyrrhopyga): [75-76], pl. [38] (1869), (Pyrrhopyga II-III): [77-80], pl. [39-40] (1871), (Pyrrhopyga IV): [81-82], pl. [41] (1873), (Pyrrhopyga V & Erycides): [83-84], pl. [42] (1875), (Ismene I-II): [85-88], pl. [43-44] (1867), (Eudamus): [89-90], pl. [45] (1873), (Eudamus II-III): [91-94], pl. [46-47] (1875), (Chaetocneme): [95-96], pl. [48] (1874), (Hesperia I-II): [97-100], pl. [49-50] (1867), (Hesperia III): [101-102], pl. [51] (1868), (Hesperia IV): [103-104], pl. [52] (1869), (Hesperia V): [105-106], pl. [53] (1872), (Hesperia V*-VI): [107-110], pl. [54-55] (1873), (Hesperia VII): [111-112], pl. [56] (1876), (Leucochitonea): [113-114], pl. [57] (1869), (Leucochitonea II): [115-116], pl. [58] (1875), (Pterygospidea): [117-118], pl. [59] (1873), (Cyclopides): [119-120], pl. [60] (1874), (Cyclopides & Hesperilla): [121-122], pl. [61] (1874)

Moore, [1858]

A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 1: : 1-278, pl. 1-12,1a,2a,3a,4a,5a,6a

Moore, 1878

Descriptions of new Asiatic Hesperidae Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3) : 686-695, pl. 45

Moore, [1882]

The Lepidoptera of Ceylon Lepid. Ceylon 1 (1): 1-40, pl. 1-18, (2): 41-80, pl. 19-36, (3): 81-136, pl. 37-54, (4): 137-190, pl. 55-71

Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003

The butterflies of Sulawesi: annotated checklist for a critical island faunda Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 3-268, pl. 1-16

Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881

Second List of Rhopalocerous Lepidoptera from Port Blair, Andaman Islands, with Descriptions of and Notes on new and little-known Species and Varieties J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 50 Pt.II (4) : 243-262, pl. 4, 14

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.