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Trifolium L.

Apilat Clover Trefoil
Trifolium, Biota of North America Program (query database) [BONAP]
Trifolium, Den Virtuella Floran [DVF]
Trifolium (Fabaceae) ; [GNSP]

Foodplants for Agrotis clavis, Arctia caja, Autographa aemula, Bembecia ichneumoniformis?, Callophrys rubi, Chersotis andereggii, Coleophora frischella?, Colias alexandra edwardsii, C. christina christina, C. croceus, C. electo, C. erate, C. erate poliographus, C. hyale, C. meadii, Crambus pascuellus, Cupido alcetas, C. argiades, C. lacturnus, C. lacturnus rileyi, Diacrisia sannio, Diaphora mendica, Dichomeris limosellus, Euclidia glyphica, Euproctis virguncula, Eurema lisa, E. nicippe, Gynaephora (bombyx) selenitica, Lacanobia suasa, Lacinipolia explicata, L. vicina, Lasiocampa quercus, Macrothylacia rubi, Nola aerugula, Nomophila noctuella, Nyctegretis lineana, Ocnogyna boetica, O. loewii, Opigena polygona, Phoebis sennae, Phragmatobia (noctua) fuliginosa, Plebejus argus, Polyommatus coelestina, P. coridon?, P. dorylas, P. dorylas, P. kashgharensis, P. semiargus, Protorthodes oviduca, Spilosoma lubricipedum, Thorybes mexicana, Zerene cesonia, Z. eurydice, Zizina labradus, Zosteropoda hirtipes, Zygaena lonicerae

1000x716 (~66Kb) USA: 123 Roadside, near Mt. Rainier (46°46'46N 121°32'37W), Pierce Co., WA, 13.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x676 (~72Kb) USA: 123 Roadside, near Mt. Rainier (46°46'46N 121°32'37W), Pierce Co., WA, 13.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	700x1045 (~115Kb) USA: Oregon Dunes (44°01'04N 124°08'29W), Douglas Co., OR, 16.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela Trifolium wormskjoldii?
1000x737 (~118Kb) USA: Oregon Dunes (44°01'04N 124°08'29W), Douglas Co., OR, 16.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela Trifolium wormskjoldii?	900x619 (~89Kb) USA: Corral Pass region (47°00'52N 121°27'58W ±0.5km), Pierce Co., WA, 18.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x722 (~138Kb) USA: Lighthouse, Cape Blanco, (42°49'43N 124°33'45W ±1km), Curry Co. OR, 2.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Trifolium montanum L.

Mäkiapila Vuoriapila Mountain Clover Backklöver
Amoria montana (L.); Soják
Trifolium montanum ; [RK, 286]; [SK, 369]

900x1350 (~195Kb) Russia, Udmurtia, river banks of Kama, near village Doksha east of Izhevsk, 20.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	1100x1057 (~117Kb) Russia, Udmurtia, river banks of Kama, near village Doksha east of Izhevsk, 20.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	1185x890 (~210Kb) Finland, Sund, Finby, 20.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
908x1018 (~88Kb) Finland, Sund, Finby, 20.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	568x1022 (~98Kb) Estonia: Hiiumaa, Pühalepa, Kukka, 26.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Trifolium repens L.

Valkoapila White Clover Dutch Clover Vitklöver
Amoria repens (L.); C. Presl.
Trifolium repens, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Trifolium repens ; [RK, 286]; [SK, 369]; [GMBOT, 509]; [FPN, 276]

754x1029 (~144Kb) Finland, Tampere, Tampella, 16.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1227x965 (~133Kb) Finland, Tampere, Tampella, 16.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1271x1000 (~197Kb) Finland, Tampere, Tampella, 16.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
1220x939 (~173Kb) Finland, Tampere, Tampella, 16.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	500x613 (~39Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, 671:53, 29.6.1996, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Acronicta rumicis, Chionodes lugubrella, Coleophora frischella, C. mayrella, Colias alexandra alexandra, C. erate formosana, C. eurytheme, C. philodice philodice, Cupido comyntas, Ematurga atomaria, Euclidia glyphica, Glaucopsyche alexis melanoposmater, Oncocera semirubella, Plebejus argyrognomon, Polyommatus icarus, Rhyparia purpurata, Spilosoma lubricipedum

Foodplant as Amoria repens for Colias hecla

Trifolium hybridum L.

Alsikeapila Alsike Clover Alsikeklöver
Amoria hybrida (L.); C. Presl.
Trifolium hybridum, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Trifolium hybridum ; [RK, 287]; [SK, 369]; [GMBOT, 509]; [FPN, 277]

600x897 (~89Kb) USA: FR 9711, Hurley Creek (47°18'57N 120°37'38W), Kittitas Co., WA, 5.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela Trifolium hybridum det. Aaron Liston	734x1031 (~67Kb) Finland, Tampere, Santalahti, 19.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	841x1022 (~55Kb) Finland, Tampere, Santalahti, 19.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
720x1007 (~46Kb) Finland, Tampere, Santalahti, 19.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1210x947 (~107Kb) Finland, Tampere, Santalahti, 19.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	500x617 (~35Kb) FINLAND: Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 30.6.1996, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Autographa gamma, Colias philodice philodice, Cupido comyntas, Euclidia glyphica

T. h. hybridum

Rehualsikeapila Alsikeklöver
Trifolium hybridum hybridum ; [RK, 287]

T. h. elegans (Savi) Asch. & Graebn.

Rentoalsikeapila
Trifolium hybridum elegans ; [RK, 287]

Trifolium fragiferum L.

Rakkoapila Ranta-apila Strawberry Clover Smultronklöver
Amoria fragifera (L.); Roskov
Trifolium fragiferum, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Trifolium fragiferum ; [RK, 287]; [SK, 368]; [FPN, 274]

Trifolium resupinatum L.

Tuoksuapila Reversed Clover Luktklöver
Amoria resupinata (L.); Roskov
Trifolium resupinatum ; [RK, 287]

T. r. var. resupinatum

Tuoksuapila Luktklöver
Trifolium resupinatum var. resupinatum ; [RK, 287]

T. r. var. majus Boiss.

Persianapila
Trifolium suaveolens Willd.
Trifolium resupinatum var. majus ; [RK, 287]

Trifolium spadiceum L.

Musta-apila Large Brown Clover Brunklöver
Chrysaspis spadicea (L.); Greene
Trifolium spadiceum ; [RK, 287]; [SK, 370]

746x1045 (~165Kb) Finland: Tampere, Vehmainen, Kaukajärvi, 25.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	674x1011 (~119Kb) Finland: Tampere, Vehmainen, Kaukajärvi, 25.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	749x647 (~64Kb) Finland: Tampere, Vehmainen, Kaukajärvi, 25.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio
745x1019 (~82Kb) Finland: Tampere, Vehmainen, Kaukajärvi, 25.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	500x755 (~37Kb) FINLAND: Kb: Tuupovaara, 692:69, 8.7.1996, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Polyommatus semiargus

Trifolium aureum Pollich

Kelta-apila Large Hop Trefoil Hop Clover Yellow Clover Gullklöver
Trifolium agrarium L.
Chrysaspis aurea (Pollich); Greene
Trifolium agrarium, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Trifolium aureum ; [RK, 288]
Trifolium agrarium ; [SK, 370]; [GMBOT, 509]; [FPN, 276]

579x833 (~96Kb) Finland, Ruovesi, Ruhala, 19.7.2004, Photo © Harri Arkkio	558x866 (~50Kb) Finland, Ruovesi, Ruhala, 19.7.2004, Photo © Harri Arkkio	891x1198 (~79Kb) Finland, Espoo, Viiskorpi, 7.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio Trifolium aureum det. Vesa Järvinen
706x1060 (~84Kb) Finland, Espoo, Viiskorpi, 7.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio Trifolium aureum det. Vesa Järvinen	1580x1188 (~95Kb) Finland, Espoo, Viiskorpi, 7.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio Trifolium aureum det. Vesa Järvinen	706x932 (~85Kb) Finland: Puumala, Tiimola, 3.8.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio
783x1044 (~240Kb) Finland: Hämeenkyrö, Heinijärvi, 19.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	500x762 (~60Kb) FINLAND: Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 18.8.1996, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant as Trifolium agrarium for Colias philodice philodice

Trifolium campestre Schreber

Rentoapila Hop Trefoil Larger Hop Clover Low Hop Clover Hop Clover Jordklöver
Trifolium procumbens L.
Chrysaspis campestris (Schreb.); Desv.
Trifolium campestre ; [RK, 288]
Trifolium procumbens ; [SK, 370]; [GMBOT, 509]; [FPN, 276]

Foodplant as Chrysaspis campestris for Plebejus idas

Trifolium dubium Sibth.

Pikkuapila Lesser Trefoil Lesser Yellow Trefoil Shamrock Small Hop Clover Suckling Clover Least Hop Clover Trådklöver
Chrysaspis dubia (Sibth.); Desv.
Trifolium minus Sm.
Trifolium dubium ; [RK, 288]; [GMBOT, 510]; [FPN, 276]
Trifolium minus ; [SK, 370]

1118x808 (~89Kb) Finland, Eckerö, Storby, 2.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1401x1009 (~398Kb) Finland: Suomusjärvi, Ykköspesä, 28.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1155x818 (~250Kb) Finland: Suomusjärvi, Ykköspesä, 28.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio
1314x1015 (~141Kb) Finland: Suomusjärvi, Ykköspesä, 28.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1333x1019 (~147Kb) Finland: Suomusjärvi, Ykköspesä, 28.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Trifolium striatum L.

Juovikasapila Soft Trefoil
Trifolium striatum ; [SK, 369]; [FPN, 275]

identification uncertain 1077x807 (~253Kb) Greece: Ipiros, Parga, Venetian Castle, 6.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

identification uncertain 1270x910 (~182Kb) Greece: Ipiros, Parga, Venetian Castle, 6.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Trifolium arvense L.

Jänönapila Hare's-foot Clover Rabbit-foot Stone Clover Harklöver
Trifolium arvense, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Trifolium arvense ; [RK, 288]; [SK, 368]; [GMBOT, 509]; [FPN, 276]

900x609 (~92Kb) USA: Issaquah (47°33'02N 122°02'04W), King Co., WA, 7.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela Trifolium arvense det. Aaron Liston	640x931 (~71Kb) USA: Issaquah (47°33'02N 122°02'04W), King Co., WA, 7.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela Trifolium arvense det. Aaron Liston	827x1029 (~99Kb) Finland, Geta, Finnö, 1.7.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio
790x1018 (~91Kb) Finland, Vårdö, Töftö, 29.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio	1342x1036 (~100Kb) Finland, Vårdö, Töftö, 29.6.2005, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Trifolium incarnatum L.

Veriapila Crimson Clover Italian Clover Blodklöver
Trifolium incarnatum ; [RK, 288]; [SK, 369]; [GMBOT, 509]; [FPN, 275]

Trifolium pratense L.

Puna-apila Nurmiapila Red Clover Rödklöver
Trifolium pratense, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Trifolium pratense ; [RK, 288]; [SK, 369]; [GMBOT, 509]; [FPN, 277]

720x1002 (~124Kb) Finland: Tampere, Vehmainen, Kaukajärvi, 25.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

500x740 (~40Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, 671:53, 29.6.1996, Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Autographa gamma, Ceramica pisi, Chiasmia clathrata, Coleophora deauratella, Colias alexandra alexandra, C. croceus, C. erate formosana, C. eurytheme, C. philodice philodice, Cupido argiades, C. comyntas, Euclidia glyphica, Eupithecia centaureata, E. satyrata, Glaucopsyche alexis melanoposmater, Gynaephora (bombyx) selenitica, Macrothylacia rubi, Mniotype satura, Odontopera bidentata, Orthosia gracilis, O. incerta, O. opima, Plebejus idas, Polyommatus bellis, P. icarus, P. semiargus maroccana, Syncopacma karvoneni, Xylena vetusta, Xystophora pulveratella, Zygaena lonicerae, Z. viciae

T. p. var. pratense

Trifolium pratense pratense
Trifolium pratense var. pratense ; [RK, 288]

T. p. var. sativum Schreb.

Trifolium pratense sativum (Schreb.); Schübl. & Mart.
Trifolium sativum (Schreb.); Crome
Trifolium pratense var. sativum ; [RK, 288]

Trifolium medium L.

Metsäapila Zigzag Clover Skogsklöver
Trifolium medium, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (in Swedish) [RUNEBERG]
Trifolium medium ; [RK, 288]; [SK, 369]; [GMBOT, 509]

989x799 (~99Kb) Finland, Mouhijärvi, Salmi, 4.7.2004, Photo © Harri Arkkio

744x1030 (~141Kb) Finland: Pirkkala, Sionkylä, 27.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

783x1044 (~168Kb) Finland: Pirkkala, Sionkylä, 27.6.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Anacampsis fuscella, Biston betularius, Callophrys rubi, Chiasmia clathrata, Euclidia glyphica, Macrothylacia rubi, Malacosoma castrense, Polyommatus semiargus

Trifolium angustifolium L.

Narrow-leaf crimson clover

1109x832 (~324Kb) Greece: Ipiros, path Parga - Anthousa, 7.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

991x900 (~290Kb) Greece: Ipiros, path Parga - Anthousa, 7.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Foodplant for Lampides boeticus

Trifolium parryi Gray

Parry's Clover
Trifolium montanense
Trifolium parryi ; [FPN, 274]

identification uncertain 1500x2560 (~415Kb) USA: Colorado, Clear Creek Co., Summit Lake, Mt. Evans, 23.7.2012 (39°35'52"N 105°38'23"W), Photo © Markku Savela

Foodplant for Colias meadii

Trifolium longipes Nutt.

Long-stalked Clover
Trifolium longipes ; [FPN, 277, 278]

700x1018 (~140Kb) USA: FR 9712, Diamond Head, near Blewett Pass (47°18'39N 120°33'57W), Kittitas Co., WA, 5.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela Trifolium longipes det. Aaron Liston

Foodplant for Aricia saepiolus, Colias eurytheme, C. philodice philodice

T. l. var. reflexum Nels.

Trifolium longipes var. reflexum ; [FPN, 277]

T. l. var. longipes

Trifolium longipes var. longipes ; [FPN, 277]

T. l. var. multiovulatum (Hend.) C. L. Hitchc.

Trifolium oreganum var. multiovulatum Hend., 1936; Madrono 3: 231
Trifolium caurium
Trifolium longipes var. caurium
Trifolium covillei
Trifolium longipes var. multiovulatum ; [FPN, 277]

T. l. var. hansenii (Greene) Jeps.

Trifolium longipes var. nevadense
Trifolium longipes var. hansenii ; [FPN, 277]

T. l. var. pedunculatum (Rydb.) C. L. HItchc.

Trifolium pedunculatum Rydb., 1903; Bull. Torr. Club 30: 254
Trifolium longipes ssp. pedunculatum
Trifolium longipes var. pedunculatum ; [FPN, 277]

2.6.2007 (59)

References:

[Aaron Liston]

Department of Botany & Plant Pathology; Oregon State University; Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902 USA; http://www.orst.edu/dept/botany/herbarium

[BONAP]

A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; A data base interface; BONAP U.S. Checklist - 1998; Provided by TAMU-BWG; Texas A & M Bioinformatics Working Group; Based on; Biota of North America Program

[DVF]

Den Virtuella floran; http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html; Ett projekt vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden).; Even for non-Swedish speaker, the distribution maps on species are nice (map buttons "Norden" and "Norra halvklotet")

[FPN]

Hitchcock & Cronquist, 1998; Flora of the Pacific Northwest (11th ed.); ISBN 0-295-95273-3

[GMBOT]

Robinson, Benjamin, Fernald, Lyndon, 1908; Gray's New Manual of Botany (7th edition); A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada; American Book Company

[GNSP]

Wielgorskaya, 1995; Dictionary of generic names of seed plants

[Harri Arkkio]

Finland; For the time being these pictures are only for this site. Other usage not allowed.

[RK]

Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. (eds), 1998; Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finland); Ed. 4. 656 pp.; Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum. Helsinki

[RUNEBERG]

Project Runeberg: Nordic literature online; Project Runeberg; Bilder ur Nordens Fauna (Carl Axel Magnus Lindman)

[SK]

Mela & Cajander, 1906; Suomen Kasvio; Viides painos

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.